英语希腊神话词汇
常见英语词汇背后的希腊神话故事
常见英语词汇背后的希腊神话故事1.The Heel of Achilles 亦作The Achilles' Heel唯一弱点；薄弱环节；要害The Heel of Achilles直译是“阿基里斯的脚踵”，是个在欧洲广泛流行的国际性成语。
它源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。
阿基里斯是希腊联军里最英勇善战的骁将，也是荷马史诗Iliad里的主要人物之一。
传说他是希腊密耳弥多涅斯人的国王珀琉斯和海神的女儿西蒂斯所生的儿子。
阿基里斯瓜瓜坠地以后，母亲想使儿子健壮永生，把他放在火里锻炼，又捏着他的脚踵倒浸在冥河(Styx)圣水里浸泡。
因此阿基里斯浑身象钢筋铁骨，刀枪不入，只有脚踵部位被母亲的手捏住，没有沾到冥河圣水，成为他的唯一要害。
在特洛伊战争中，阿基里斯骁勇无敌，所向披靡，杀死了特洛伊主将，著名英雄赫克托耳(Hector)，而特洛伊的任何武器都无法伤害他的身躯。
后来，太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)把阿基里斯的弱点告诉了特洛伊王子帕里斯，阿基里斯终于被帕里斯诱到城门口，用暗箭射中他的脚踵，负伤而死。
因此，the heel of Achilles,也称the Achilles' heel，常用以表示a weak point in something that is otherwise without fault;the weakest spot等意思。
2.Helen of Troy 直译"特洛伊的海伦"，源自源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。
Helen是希腊的绝世佳人，美艳无比，嫁给希腊南部邦城斯巴达国王墨涅俄斯(Menelaus)为妻。
后来，特洛伊王子帕里斯奉命出事希腊，在斯巴达国王那里做客，他在爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂的帮助下，趁着墨涅俄斯外出之际，诱走海伦，还带走了很多财宝。
此事激起了希腊各部族的公愤，墨涅俄斯发誓说，宁死也要夺回海轮，报仇雪恨。
为此，在希腊各城邦英雄的赞助下，调集十万大军和1180条战船，组成了希腊联军，公推墨涅俄斯的哥哥阿枷门农(Agamemnon)为联军统帅，浩浩荡荡，跨海东征，攻打特洛伊城，企图用武力夺回海轮。
希腊神话 英语词汇
希腊神话英语词汇Greek mythology is a vast and complex subject with a rich vocabulary of its own. Some common words and phrases associated with Greek mythology include "myth," "god," "goddess," "hero," "monster," "mythical creature," "fate," "prophecy," "oracle," "pantheon," "olympian," "demigod," "nymph," "satyr," "centaur," "harpy," "siren," "medusa," "minotaur," "cerberus," "hydra," "chimera," "pegasus," "odyssey," "Iliad," "Trojan War," "Zeus," "Poseidon," "Hera," "Apollo," "Aphrodite," "Ares," "Demeter," "Dionysus," "Hades," "Persephone," "Athens," "Olympus," "Muses," "Hercules," and "Prometheus." These words all refer to different aspects of Greek mythology, such as its pantheon of deities, epic tales of heroes and gods, and the creatures that inhabit the mythological world. Another key feature of Greek mythology is the concept of fate and prophecy, which often play a central role in the stories and legends. Additionally, many of the gods and goddesses are associated with specific domains or themes, such as Zeus as the god of thunder and lightning, Hera as the goddess of marriage and childbirth, and Apollo as the god of music, prophecy, and healing.Altogether, the rich vocabulary of Greek mythology reflects the enduring legacy and impact of this ancient cultural tradition.希腊神话是一个广泛而复杂的主题，有着丰富的词汇。
希腊神话和英语单词
希腊神话Aegean（爱琴海）：希腊传说中跳海自尽的雅典国王埃勾斯希腊传说中，著名英雄忒修斯王子自告奋勇前往克里特岛猎杀公牛怪。
出发前，他与父亲、雅典国王埃勾斯（Aegeus）约好，如果他平安回来，就将船的黑帆换成白帆。
忒修斯在克里特公主的帮助下，成功地杀死了公牛怪，带着公主阿里阿德涅逃离了克里特岛。
在途中，忒修斯梦见神的告诫，告知他和阿里阿德涅不是命中注定的夫妻。
忒修斯不敢违抗神的旨意，就将阿里阿德涅抛弃，独自返回雅典。
受此事影响，他心神不定，忘记了出发前的约定，没有将黑帆换成白帆。
国王埃勾斯远远地看到忒修斯的船只挂着黑帆而来，以为他已经遇害，万念俱灰，投海自尽了。
为了纪念他，人们就用他的名字来命名这片海。
从此，这片海就被叫做Aegean（爱琴海）。
Aegean：[i'din] n.爱琴海adj.爱琴海的aegis（保护、赞助）：希腊神话中宙斯送给雅典娜的神盾在希腊神话中，神王宙斯拥有一块神盾，称为Aegis。
它是火神赫菲斯托斯特地为宙斯锻造的，上面还蒙有一块曾经哺育过宙斯的母山羊阿玛尔忒亚的毛皮。
这块盾牌拥有巨大的魔力，只要摇晃一下，就会天摇地动，电闪雷鸣。
后来，宙斯因为宠爱女儿雅典娜，就把这块盾牌送给了雅典娜。
雅典娜在盾牌中间安上了蛇发女怪美杜莎的头，进一步增强了神盾的魔力，任何被它的光芒照到的人都会化为石头。
从此以后雅典娜战无不胜、所向披靡。
Aegis盾牌是雅典娜的象征物，代表着雅典娜对她的子民的护佑，因此，小写的单词aegis 便产生了“保护、赞助”的含义。
aegis：['ids] n.保护，赞助，庇护aesculapian（医术的）：罗马神话中的医神埃斯库拉庇乌斯埃斯库拉庇乌斯（Aesculapius）是罗马神话中的医神，是太阳神阿波罗的儿子。
埃斯库拉庇乌斯的医术十分高明，并从智慧女神雅典娜那里得到了一小瓶蛇发女妖高耳戈不可思议的血液：从左边的血管取，这就是一种致命的毒药；但是如果从右边的血管取，这血液就可令人起死回生。
来自希腊神话的英语单词
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disaster n. 灾难，灾祸；不幸 短语 disaster film灾难片 natural disaster自然灾难，自然灾害 例句： 有关灾难的消息很快传开了。 The news of the disaster soon got abroad• • • • • 来自 • • • • • ••
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Siren
• Far out in the sea there was an island ，on the rocky edge of which lived three sirens ,the three sisters of magic song,half human and half bird .The siren sisters sat in a field of flowers ，singing in voices that excited the hearts of men.the attractive songs were so sweet that ships were attracted to the island and struck to pieces on the rocks.No sailor nor ship had ever been known to pass the island of the sirens without being attracted to disaster . Acting on the advice of Circe（赛丝），Odysseus(奥德修斯) took careful preparation against the sirens.Before their ships came to where they could hear the song，Odysseus had himself tied to the mast （桅杆），stopped the ears of his men with wax（蜡） and ordered them to ignore his orders and gestures when they were passing the fatal island.Soon they came in sight of the rocky is land， and the attractive song reached the ears of Odysseus.It moved him so much that he struggled in despair to free himself and shouted for his men to turn towards the rich and flowery grass land of the singing sisters，but no one paid any attention to him.The sailors kept straight on until they were completely out of hearing.Then his friends freed him and took the wax out of their ears.For once （仅此 一次） the sirens had sung with no effects.The eldest of the sisters ， Partherope（帕耳塞洛珀）， loved Odysseus so much that she threw herself into the sea after his ships had passed.
希腊神话联想记忆词汇
众神之王Zeus操控天地间的闪电，维持世界的秩序。
他的武器是一把黄金打造的雷霆，形状类似于两个z字母的拼合，能让对手头昏眼花。
所以单词中的z字母往往会导致整个单词都有晕眩，头昏眼花感。
puzzle n. 谜题dizzy v. 头昏眼花The ride on the roller coaster dizzied us.dazzle v. 眼花，耀眼The bright morning sun dazzled me.crazy adj.maze n. 迷宫amazing adj. 令人惊异的HeraHera(赫拉)是宙斯(Zeus)的妻子，宙斯是希腊神话中的主神，天堂的统治者，其他神和人间英雄的父亲。
作为他的妻子Hera(赫拉)掌管婚姻和生育。
也许词根-her-有遗传和继承的意思就和她有关。
-her- 继承，遗传heir n.继承人，后嗣heritable adj.可遗传的，可继承的heritage n.遗产，继承权，传统inherit vt.继承，遗传而得inherent adj.内在的,与生俱来的hereditary adj.世袭的，遗传的Hera是婚姻的保护神、罗马的婚姻女神，June(六月)即得名于Hera的罗马名字Juno。
自罗马时代，六月就是结婚的高峰。
人们认为在六月结婚会走运，是因为这个月由Juno主管。
罗马人曾在卡匹托尔山（the Capitoline Hill，美国国会山的得名即源于此）盖了一座神庙奉祀Juno Moneta。
以后，罗马人又把他们的第一个铸币工场设在该神庙里。
这样，Juno Moneta 又成了罗马人钱财的守护神。
于是，他们称铸币工场为moneta，把在该神庙铸造的货币也称为moneta。
该拉丁词进入古法语时作moneie，13世纪末借入英语就变成了我们熟悉的money，意指“货币(包括硬币和纸币)”或“金钱”，词义扩大了一些。
可是，当moneta通过另一途经进入古英语时却产生了不同的形式，初作mynet，最后演变成义形均异的另一个词mint（造币厂）。
希腊神话衍生出的英文词汇
希腊神话衍生出的英文词汇
希腊神话是人类历史上最早的神话之一，因此有许多英文词汇和短语源自于希腊神话。
以下是一些常见的希腊神话衍生的英文词汇：
1. Zeus - 宙斯（天神）、宙斯电
2. Hera - 赫拉（婚姻与家庭女神）
3. Ares - 阿瑞斯（战神）
4. Athena - 雅典娜（智慧女神）
5. Poseidon - 波塞冬（海神）
6. Hades - 冥王哈得斯（冥王）
7. Apollo - 阿波罗（太阳神、音乐与艺术神）
8. Artemis - 阿尔忒弥斯（狩猎和月亮女神）
9. Hermes - 赫尔墨斯（信使神）
10. Aphrodite - 阿佛洛狄忒（爱与美的女神）
11. Dionysus - 狄俄尼索斯（酒神）
12. Hestia - 赫斯提亚（家居和火神）
13. Prometheus - 普罗米修斯（普罗米修斯计划）
14. Pandora - 潘多拉（潘多拉盒子）
此外，还有一些词汇是从希腊神话角色的名字或故事中衍生而来的，比如：
1. Herculean - 赫拉克勒斯的（艰巨的、英勇的）
2. Odyssey - 《奥德赛》（冒险）
3. Nemesis - 复仇女神网（报应、仇敌）
4. Titan - 泰坦神族（巨人）
这只是希腊神话衍生英文词汇的一小部分示例，希腊神话对英语和其他西方语言产生了广泛且持久的影响。
源自希腊神话的英语词汇
Wordsderive d from Greekmythol ogyAchill es’ heel: a vulner ablepoint[fr. L, fr. Gk Achill eus Achill es, the greate st Greekwarrio r at Troy, slayer of Hector]Argus-eyed: vigila ntlyobserv ant [L, fr. Gk Argos, a hundre d-eyed monste r of Greekmythol ogy] Atlas: A book contai ningmaps of variou s locati ons. Atlaswas a titancondem ned to hold up the sky on his should ers.Augean stable: a condit ion or placemarked by greataccumu latio n of filthor corrup tion[L Augeas, king of Elis, fr. Gk Augeia s; fr. the legend that his stable, left neglec ted for 30 years, wasfinall y cleane d by Hercul es]Cereal: Any grain,such as wheat,oats, barley, etc. NamedafterCeres,goddes s of farmin g and agricu lture.Chroni cle: A list of events in the orderthey happen ed. Namedfor Cronus (Saturn), father of Jupite r and leader of the titans.Cloth: any type of natura l fabric. Clotho, one of the Fates, gave her name to this materi al.Delphi c uttera nce: a commen t or respon se to a questi on that is ambigu ous and theref ore diffic ult to unders tand[fr. Delphi, the site of the oracle of Apollo]Echo: The reflec tionof a soundwave. Echo was a wood nymphwhosevoicewas takenfrom her by Juno, and she was therea fteronly capabl e of repeat ing others.Hercul ean: a seemin gly imposs ibletask, such as the twelve labors Hercul es had to perfor m to win his freedo mJovial: good-humore d. When he wasn?t tossin g around lightn ing bolts, Jupite r (also knownas Jove) wouldprobab ly be in this mood.Labyri nth: either a maze with many twists and passag es or a tortuo us proced ure. Comesfrom the name of the maze Daedal us builtfor King Minosof Crete.Martia l: relati ng to or sugges tiveof war. Namedfor Mars, god of war.Midastouch: an uncann y abilit y for making moneyin everyventur e [L, fr. Gk legend of the Phrygi an king Midaswho is giventhe powerto turn everyt hinghe touche d into gold]Music:harmon iousand rhythm ic arraig nment s of sound. Namedafterthe Muses,goddes ses of the arts and scienc es.Narcis sisti c: excess ive self-admira tion. Narcis sus was a man who fell in love with his reflec tion. Olympi an feat: a loftytask, as one befitt ing the immort als [fr. Gk Olympo s, the mounta in in Greekmythol ogy that is the home of the gods]Orator: one who speaks in public. Derive s from oracle, places wherethe gods and mortal s wouldgo for help.Pandor a’s box: a prolif ic source of troubl es [fr. the myth surrou nding the box sent by the gods to Pandor a]Panic: a sudden, intens e, contag iousfear. The god Pan was knownfor causin g such fear in people. Plutoc rat: govern mentof rich people. Plutolivedin the underw orld, surrou ndedby minera l wealth. procru stean bed: a scheme or patter n into whichsomeon e or someth ing is arbitr arily forced [L, fr.Gk Prokro ustes Procru stes, a villai nousson of Poseid on in Greekmythol ogy who forcestravel ers to fit into his bed by stretc hingtheirbodies or cuttin g off theirlegs]Psyche: The soul or mind, namedfor Psyche, the wife of Cupid.Python: a massiv e snakethat killsits prey by constr ictio n. NamedafterPython, a monste r that livedin a cave near Delphi and was killed by Apollo.sirensong: an alluri ng uttera nce or appeal, especi allyone that is seduct ive or decept ive [ME sereyn, fr. OF serein e, fr. L Siren, fr. Gk Serein Siren, one of severa l mythol ogica l Greeksea nymphs, part womanand part bird, suppos ed to lure sailor s to theirdestru ction by theirseduct ivesingin g]Struck by Cupid’s arrow: smitte n, in love [L Cupido, the Romangod of erotic love]Titani c: of massiv e size, like the titans, the gigant ic sons of Uranus and Gaia.。
希腊罗马神话中的英文名
【视野拓展】希腊罗马神话中的英文名1、Flora：古希腊罗马神话中的花神。
她嫁给了西风之神Zephyr，丈夫送给她一座满是奇花异草的园子。
春天时，Flora和丈夫Zephyr手挽手在园子里漫步，他们一路走过的地方百花齐放。
Flora在现代英语里指代“植物”。
衍生词:flower，flour，flourish，floral，florist。
2、Muses(缪斯)：希腊神话中掌管艺术的诸神。
共九位，分别是历史、抒情诗、喜剧(牧歌、田园诗)、悲剧、歌舞、爱情诗、颂歌、天文、史诗。
Muses 的艺术衍生出单词music，Muses收藏艺术品的地方就是museum。
艺术带来的快乐便是amuse，amusement。
3、Pan(潘)：牧神和森林之神，受打扰时会大声吼叫。
衍生词panic(惊慌，恐慌)。
4、Titan(泰坦)：曾统治世界的巨人族的一员。
Titan在现代英语里指代高大强壮的人，重要人物。
衍生词titanic意指巨大的，极大的。
“泰坦尼克号”即以此命名。
5、Zephyrus(泽费罗斯)：西风之神。
衍生词zephyr(西风，和风，微风)。
6、Atlas：希腊神话中Titans(泰坦)巨神之一，因背叛Zeus(宙斯)被罚在世界的西边尽头以双肩扛天。
16世纪地理学家麦卡脱把Atlas擎天图作为一本地图册的卷首插图。
后人争相效仿，atlas从此有了地图、地图集、身负重担的人的含义。
其他衍生词：Atlantic。
7、Ceres：庄稼保护神。
古罗马遭受大旱，教士们求助女巫占卜，占卜的结果是要立一位新的女神Ceres，向她供奉，这样她就会给大地带来雨水。
此后，Ceres就变成了庄稼的保护神。
cereal从拉丁语变化而来，意即“of Ceres”属于谷物女神的。
衍生词：cereals(谷类，早餐麦片)。
8、Cronos：宙斯的父亲。
害怕子女反抗自己，曾吞食自己的后代。
就像无情的时间，吞噬一切。
因此字根“chron”意指“time”。
Greek mythology希腊神话课件英文
Apollo阿波罗-太阳神
The sun god, son of Zeus and Leto(莱托） , Luna and Artemis ´s older brother, the Greek god of twelve words, also known as helios（太阳神）.God light, medicine, literature, poetry, music etc..
In charge of the sky in Greek mythology , the supreme（最高） god, master of lightning, also known as Thor. The characteis extremely lecherous（好 色）.
Zeus 宙斯
Hephaestus 赫菲斯托斯
Son of Zeus and Hera.God of fire. He is the smith and armorer (兵器制造者） of the gods.He is kind and peace loving .He is the only god to be lame(瘸的,跛的) and physically ugly. However, he married the most beautiful goddess- Aphrodite ( 阿弗洛狄德)
Hestia赫斯提亚-灶神 She was the sister of Zeus, One of the three virgin （处女） goddess . In Greek mythology, there is no significant personality. She is a chaste （贞洁的） virgin goddess.
希腊神话与词汇
1.An Apple of Discord争斗之源；不和之因；祸根An Apple of Discord直译为"纠纷的苹果"，出自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事传说希腊阿耳戈英雄(Argonaut)珀琉斯(Peleus)和爱琴海海神涅柔斯的女儿西蒂斯(Thetis)在珀利翁山举行婚礼，大摆宴席。
他们邀请了奥林匹斯上(Olympus)的诸神参加喜筵，不知是有意还是无心，惟独没有邀请掌管争执的女神厄里斯(Eris)。
这位女神恼羞成怒，决定在这次喜筵上制造不和。
于是，她不请自来，并悄悄在筵席上放了一个金苹果，上面镌刻着"属于最美者"几个字。
天后赫拉(Hera)，智慧女神雅典娜(Athena)、爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂(Aphrodite)，都自以为最美，应得金苹果，获得"最美者"称号。
她们争执不下，闹到众神之父宙斯(Zeus)那里，但宙斯碍于难言之隐，不愿偏袒任何一方，就要她们去找特洛伊的王子帕里斯(Paris)评判。
三位女神为了获得金苹果，都各自私许帕里斯以某种好处：赫拉许给他以广袤国土和掌握富饶财宝的权利，雅典娜许以文武全才和胜利的荣誉，阿芙罗狄蒂则许他成为世界上最美艳女子的丈夫。
年青的帕里斯在富贵、荣誉和美女之间选择了后者，便把金苹果判给爱与美之神。
为此，赫拉和雅典娜怀恨帕里斯，连带也憎恨整个特洛伊人。
后来阿芙罗狄蒂为了履行诺言，帮助帕里斯拐走了斯巴达国王墨涅俄斯的王后——绝世美女海伦(Helen)，从而引起了历时10年的特洛伊战争。
不和女神厄里斯丢下的那个苹果，不仅成了天上3位女神之间不和的根源，而且也成为了人间2个民族之间战争的起因。
2.The Heel of Achilles亦作The Achilles' Heel唯一弱点；薄弱环节；要害The Heel of Achilles直译是"阿基里斯的脚踵"，是个在欧洲广泛流行的国际性成语。
源自古希腊罗马神话故事的英语词汇
希腊罗马神话众神与英语单词 Titan
Titan(泰坦)： 衍生词titanic意指巨 大的，极大的。 “泰坦尼克号”即以此 命名。
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希腊罗马神话众神与英语单词 Atlas
Atlas： atlas从此有了地图、地 图集、身负重担的人的 含义。 其他衍生词：Atlantic。
十二主神在古希腊神话和古罗马神话中的不同叫法
希腊
罗马
英语
身份
宙斯
朱庇特
Zeus
天神之父
赫拉
朱诺
Hera 宙斯的姐姐与妻子
波塞冬
尼普东
Poseidon 海王
德墨特尔 赛尔斯
Demeter
农业女神
哈底斯
普鲁通
Hades 冥王
雅典娜
密涅瓦
Athena 智慧女神
阿波罗
阿波罗
Apollo 太阳神
阿尔忒弥斯 狄安娜
《特洛伊》 《大力神》 《尤里希斯》 《新木马屠城》 《奥德赛》 《俄底浦斯王》 《亚历山大大帝》 《特里斯坦和伊索尔德》 《伊阿宋与金羊毛》《斯巴达300勇士》 《赫拉克勒斯》 《赫拉克勒斯的爱情冒险》 《特洛伊的女人》《伊阿宋和阿耳戈船英雄记》 《非凡的阿芙洛狄特》
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希腊罗马神话众神与英语单词 Pluto
Pluto(冥界之神) 同源的单词还包括 plutocracy 财阀统 治； plutolatry 拜金主 义。
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希腊罗马神话众神与英语单词 Echo
厄科( Echo ) 河神之子那耳客索斯 (Narcissus) cheer sb. (sth. ) to the echo ,指对某人或某 物长时间而大声喝彩。
英文单词与希腊神话
hero 英雄出自希腊神话，意思是半人半神的，神和人所生的。
hercules taskHercules 希腊神话中的大力神海格利斯阿波罗为了惩罚hercules，命令他为欧利瑟斯国王服务12年。
其间，hercules完成了12件伟大而艰难的任务，最终修成正果被宙斯封了一个星座名叫武夫座。
hercules task在英语里来比喻非常艰难的任务。
以make herculean efforts 来形容巨大的努力。
hercules' choice 现在英语指代永垂不朽。
原因是他在VIRTUE美德之神和PLEASURE欢愉之神之间，选择了美德，美德之神保证他能永生，最后通过hercules的努力，他永生了，成了天上的武夫星座。
Achilles' heel 中文为阿基利斯脚踵。
英语用来表示一个人的死穴或者事件的薄弱环节。
这个希腊神话学过英文的基本上都知道了，不做叙述。
Gordian knot 中文翻译为“戈尔迪之结” 意思为棘手问题，难解问题。
故事大概是一个叫戈尔迪得农夫赶着牛经过一个名叫弗利吉亚的国家，被当地人选为了国王，原因是有一先知预言戈尔迪就是他们未来的国王。
戈尔迪为了感谢天神宙斯，以牛车祭示宙斯，他叫人用树皮做成了一根坚固无比的绳子，并亲自打了一个结，这就是戈尔迪之结。
戈尔迪留下遗言，谁能解开此结，他将能统治整个小亚细亚。
后来有一个人用剑斩断了结，他就是后来征服了整个小亚细亚的亚历山大大帝。
Troy 特洛伊太著名了，不用说了。
电脑里的木马病毒，也是用这个单词。
Oedipus complex 恋母情结（弑父娶母的）故事太悲惨了，希腊神话三大悲剧的代表，心理学上弗洛伊德用来表示子女对父亲带有敌意，并对自己的母亲有爱慕感情的一种心理病态。
Electra Complex，恋父情结，是指女儿亲父反母的复合情结。
它是弗洛伊德主张的一种观点。
这一名称来自希腊神话中厄勒克特拉的故事，相传爱烈屈拉因母亲与其情人谋杀了她的父亲，故决心替父报仇，最终她与其兄弟杀死了自己的母亲。
源于希腊神话话的英语习语
源于希腊神话话的英语习语1.Pandora’s box【潘多拉的盒子】普罗米修斯（Prometheus）为人类盗来了天火，激怒了宙斯（Zeus）Zeus决定惩罚人类，于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人Pandora，让她去勾引Prometheus的弟弟艾比米修斯（Epimetheus）。
结果Epimetheus上当，接近了Pandora，Pandora于是就将手中的盒子打开，放出了里面的罪恶、灾难、疾病、不幸，只留下了“希望”在盒子里。
于是Pandora’s box就成了“灾难的根源”的代名词。
2.The sword of Damocle【达摩克利斯之剑】Damocle是徐拉古王朝的一位大臣，非常羡慕帝王的荣华富贵。
一天，国王让他坐在王位上，在Damocles的头上用一根头发悬一把利剑，告诉他王权的危险就像那把剑一样，随时可能降临。
因此the sword of Damocles就成了“富贵中隐藏的危险”的同义词，也可指形势危急，千钧一发。
3.Damon and Pythias:Damon 和Pythias是好朋友。
Pythias出事被判了死刑，为了使他回家探视亲人，Damon留在牢中作人质，如果Pythias不按时返回，就处死Damon。
当期限满，临处刑之际，Pythias及时赶回。
国王深受感动，将二人全部释放，因此，Damon and Pythias意思就是“生死之交”。
4.Penelop’s web源于史诗《奥德赛》(Odyssey)泊涅罗珀(Penelop)是奥底修斯(Odysseus)的妻子，以忠贞而著称。
特洛伊战争持续了十年,Odysseus在返家的途中又耽误了十年。
在这漫长的二十年中，许多王公贵族向Penelop求婚她都托词说必须等织完布后才能予以考虑，一到晚上，她又将白天织好的布再拆开。
因此Penelop’s web就成了一项永远也完不成的工作。
5.Apple of discord:意思是“不和的根源，发生纠纷的事端”。
30个源自希腊神话的英语词组
1.ACHILLES’ HEELMeaning: The weakness of an individual which leads to his downfall.Greek Myth: Achilles was a Greek warrior who later became the hero of the Trojan War. When he was an infant, it was prophesized that he would dieyoung. His mother Thetis who was a Nereid (sea goddess) did not desire this and hence she dipped him into the river Styx. The Styx had powers by which any part of the body that made contact with the river became invincible.However, she had held him by the heel when dipping him, thus leaving avulnerable area. He would later die, as prophesized, by a poisoned arrow to his heel.“His love for fast food is one day going to prove to be his achilles’ heel.”2.CAUGHT BETWEEN SCYLLA & CHARYBDISMeaning: A difficult choice where either decision could end in disaster; more familiar as ‘between the devil and the deep blue sea’.Greek Myth: The hero Odysseus spent nine years returning home after theTrojan War. Along his voyage by sea, he came upon Scylla and Charybdis.Scylla was an enormous sea monster with numerous hands and six dog heads sprouting from her body; she ate men alive. Charybdis was a tremendouswhirlpool that digested ships whole. Since the only way to get home was to choose either route, Odysseus had to decide on one horror or the other. He chose Scylla, losing six crewmen to Scylla's hunger.“If I do my mathematics homework, I won’t have time to study for the History test tomorrow, and both teachers are so strict! I’m caught between Scylla and Charybdis!3.DOG AS MAN’S BEST FRIEND OR FAITHFUL COMPANIONMeaning: Self-explanatoryGreek Myth: When Odysseus returned home in disguise after many years, only his faithful dog who had patiently awaited his return recognized him. Hisfamily did not recognize him. Even on its deathbed, the dog managed to look up at its master and wag its tail in appreciation.“He won’t do something so cruel to her; he’s as faithful as a dog.”4.ELYSIUM FIELDSMeaning: ParadiseGreek Myth: The Greeks did not believe in a heaven and hell; instead, theexceptionally good people were sent to Elysium, also known as the ‘Isle of the Blessed’. This was equivalent to Christianity’s paradise.“The party was on a beautiful beach, with wonderful food and drinks; Ithought I had stumbled upon the Elysium fields!”5.THE FACE THAT LAUNCHED A THOUSAND SHIPSMeaning: Any one person causing disaster, especially war.Greek Myth: This is a direct reference to Helen of Troy, who was considered to be the most beautiful woman in the world. The abduction of her by theTrojan prince Paris caused Menelaus, her husband, to declare war on Troy.Because of prior alliances, eventually all of the Greeks got involved; thus, Helen's beauty had ‘launched a thousand ships’ into war.6.FOOD OF THE GODSMeaning: unbelievably delicious delicacies.Greek Myth: Nector and ambrosia were what the gods normally ate – this was the food of the gods. If a mortal were to eat ambrosia, he or she would berendered immortal.“This spread looks like the food of the gods!”7.TITANMeaning: one of great size, strength or achievementGreek Myth: The titans were part of a family of giants, the children of Uranus and Gaea. They tried to rule heaven but were overthrown and supplanted by the family of Zeus. They were very large creatures of enormous strength.“Ratan Tata is one of the titans of Indian enterprise.”8.GORDIAN KNOTMeaning: An extremely perplexing puzzle or problem.Greek Myth: Legend mixes with mythology with respect to this term. King Gordius of Phrygia tied a knot and it was destined that whoever could untie it revealed himself as the future lord of Asia. After many frustrating attempts to untie it, Alexander the Great finally sliced the knot with his sword, proving it would take brute force to eventually capture Asia. Thus, to ‘cut the Gordian knot’ means to solve a puzzle in a powerful, decisive manner.“This week’s crossword in the paper is a Gordian knot!”9.HERCULEAN EFFORTMeaning: A mighty tryGreek Myth: Heracles, (not Hercules) was the son of Zeus and a mortalwoman. Heracles was obligated to fulfill twelve very difficult tasks, called the Labours of Heracles. Any effort we nowadays may deem as tremendous canb e attributed as ‘Herculean’, and is associated with the labours.“Setting up a new house takes Herculean effort.”10.HOT AS HADESMeaning: Sweltering heatGreek Myth: Hades was the ruler of the underworld, called Tartarus. This was where evil people went after death, according to Greek mythology. The place was supposed to be very hot, and severe punishments were constantly meted out. It might be deduced that perhaps the real saying was ‘hot as Tartarus’, but over the years, it has become more popular as ‘hot as Hades’.“In the summers, Mumbai becomes hot as Hades.”11.THE HOUNDS OF HELLMeaning: Allegory for evil, or the pursuit by evilGreek Myth: Again, in reference to Hades's kingdom, Cerberus was a dog who guarded the entrance to the netherworld. There weren't really any‘hounds’, but Cerberus is often depicted with many heads. He was referred to as the hound of hell, and is generally associated with evil.“The gunmen attached the crowds like hounds of hell.”12.MIDAS TOUCHMeaning: A person who always is lucky is said to have the Midas touch.Greek Myth: Perhaps one of mythology's most famous tales is that of King Midas, who was granted the wish that everything he touched would turn into gold. However, he soon realized that he could not eat, or drink, or even hug his daughter. Wisely, he retracted his wish, and by immersing himself in the river Pactolus, lost the ‘golden touch’ or the ‘Midas touch’.“I always involve Ravi in any new venture; he has the Midas touch andensures that things go smoothly.”13. ODYSSEYMeaning: A long adventure, journeyGreek Myth: This term derives from the classical epic by Homer, ‘Odyssey’.The hero Odysseus takes nine long years to return from the Trojan War. Along the way, he has a multitude of adventures.“My odyssey through Rajasthan last month was tiring but very exciting!”14. ELECTRA COMPLEXMeaning:A daughter’s attachment to her fatherGreek Myth:Electra was the daughter of Agamemnon. When her mother Clytemnestra murdered Agamemnon, Electra swore vengeance in Agamemnon's honor.Her relentless obsession was ultimately the cause of Clytemnestra's death. Both Sophocles and Euripedes wrote plays that bear her name.15.PAND ORA’S BOXMeaning: To ‘open a Pandora's Box’ means to invite trouble.Greek Myth: Zeus was disgusted with man and decided to inflict him with theworst trouble imaginable. A woman, Pandora was molded from clay and wasbestowed with gifts of charm and beauty. Zeus then gave her to Epimetheus(whose name means ‘afterthought’) to marry, with a beautiful box of evils asher dowry. Although told not to open it, she inevitably did, and all the evilswere released.“Don’t let mummy see my test results or the Pandora’s Box will be opened!”16.TROJAN HORSEMeaning: destruction by a seemingly benign person or object, on the slyGreek Myth: During the Trojan War, the Trojans were within their city wallswhile the Achaeans (Greeks) lay in wait outside. The Greeks decided to trickthe Trojans. An enormous wooden horse was placed outside their gates. TheTrojans thought that this was a peace-offering or a gift from the gods. Despitewarnings from the princess Cassandra and the priest Laocoon, they broughtthe horse within the city. During the night, hidden soldiers from the horse'sbelly emerged and destroyed the city.“The drink was actually a Trojan horse; she had poisoned it before offeringit.”17 APPLE OF DISCORD- This expression comes from Greek mythology. "This story begins at the wedding of the hero Peleus and the water-nymph Thetis, parents of the famous Achilles. All the gods are invited to the party, saving one: Eris, goddess of discord - an understandable omission. Eris, didn't see it that way and resolved to get revenge." She stole one of Hera's golden apples and inscribed it "Property of the Fairest" and tossed it onto a banquet table "where it was squabbled over by every goddess on hand." From "Brush Up on Your Classics!" By Michael Macrone (Gramercy Books, New York, 1999). Page 178.18TO FIGHT LIKE A TROJAN –This comes from the Trojan War, the "legendary war sung by Homer in the 'Iliad' as having been waged for ten years by the confederated Greeks against the men of Troy and their allies." From "Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable"revised by Adrian Room (HarperCollinsPublishers, New York, 1999, Sixteenth Edition). Page 120319 A SINON –- The Greeks built a hollow horse, the Trojan Horse, and "fill it with their top warriors." The Trojans "drag this 'gift' into their city.When all is safe, the Greeks jump out of the horse and, without pity, destroy the town." From "Brush Up on Your Classics!" By Michael Macrone (Gramercy Books, New York, 1999). Page 13. "Sinon, a great liar, is the man who was in charge of staying by the wooden horse and lighting a beacon lamp as a signal to the Achaeans for their final assault against Troy." /cparada/GML/Sinon.html Retrieved on October 5, 2002. Sinon, left behind by the Greeks -- he claimed it was because Odysseus is his enemy -- told the Trojans the horse was a sacrifice to Athena./academic/english/canary/trojans.html#cassandra Retrieved on October 5, 2002.20 A TRITON AMONG THE MINNOWS- Triton was the son of . "Poseidon and Amphitrite, represented as a fish with a human head. It is this sea-god that makes the roaring of the ocean by blowing through his shell." The expression means: "A great man among a host of inferiors." From "Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable" revised by Adrian Room (HarperCollinsPublishers, New York, 1999, Sixteenth Edition). Page 1202.21 Oedipus ComplexSigmund Freud believed that all men want to kill their fathers so that they can marry their mothers. So today, whenever we see a guy who is just a bit too close to his mom, we might say that he has an Oedipus complex.The term originated from this Greek story: there was this guy named Oedipus who, at birth, was destined by fate to kill his father (who also happened to be the King of Thebes) and marry his mother. The people in Thebes thought that this was a pretty big deal, so when Oedipus was an infant, he was sent away. As an adult, Oedipus returns to Thebes only to - you guessed it - kill his dad and marry his mom (he didn't know theywere his parents. By the way, the reverse condition (women who seek to kill their mother and marry their father) is called the Elektra complex.22 Herculean taskHercules is actually the Roman name of the Greek hero, Heracles.Heracles is famous for his unbelievable strength. Throughout his life,Heracles was also challenged to many physical tasks (such as defeatingthe many-headed Hydra). Each and every time, Heracles successfullyaccomplished his "labors," all because of his god-like strength. T oday, weuse the term "Herculean task" to refer to a challenge that is so difficult,that only Heracles, with his god-like strength, could accomplish it. Itdoesn't mean that something is impossible, but it means that it'soverwhelmingly large and should require more than one person23o Pandora's boxo The only thing left inside the jar was Hope.24 Arachne, arachnida, arachnoideaIn Greek mythology, the most skillful weaver of Lydia who challenged the goddess Athena to a weaving contest.Athena wove into her web the stories of those who had aroused the anger of the gods, while Arachne chose stories of the errors of the gods.Enraged at the excellence of the work, Athena tore Arachne's web into pieces. Arachne hanged herself in grief and was transformed by Athena into a spider.This was adopted as the spider family in science which includes scorpions, mites, and ticks.The term arachnoid refers to anything that resembles a spider's web.25 Athene, Pallas AthenePallas signifies "brandisher" (someone who waves, flourishes, or exhibits menacingly), that is, as a spear.An asteroid was named Pallas as well as a very rare metallic element called palladiium which was named after the asteroid.Because a statue of Pallas Athene , which stood in front of the city of Troy was supposed to have helped preserve the city from danger, the word palladium also has come to mean "a potent safeguard".26 CalliopeThe name of a musical instrument.The mother of Orpheus was named Calliope because she was the Muse of Eloquence and Heroic Poetry. The name comes from two words meaning "beauty" and "voice".27 CronosThe god of time.From this word, we have the noun chronology which describes an arrangement of events in order of occurrence. Chronic describes something that continues over a long period of time.A chronicler is someone who records a historical account of events in the order of time. A time piece of great accuracy is called a chronometer28 Cyclops (s), Cyclopes (pl)1. Any of the three one-eyed Titans who forged thunderbolts for Zeus.2. Any of a race of one-eyed giants, reputedly descended from these Titans, inhabiting the island of Sicily.3. Etymology: derived from two Greek words meaning "circle" and "eye".We have adopted cyclops in the field of biology to describe the group of tiny, free-swimming crustaceans which have a single eye.Cyclopie is an adjective meaning "monstrous". Cyclopia is a noun used for a massive abnormality in which the eyes are partly or completely fused.The word has been used as a root to describe a wheel in such words as tricycle, bicycle, and motorcycle. It is also used to describe a violent storm which moves in a circle; such as, a cyclone.It also appears in the word encyclopedia to describe circular (or complete) learning. A cyclotron is a large apparatus used for the multiple acceleration of ions to very high speeds.29 Erinyes, Eumenides; the Furies;In Greek mythology, three terrifying snake-haired winged goddesses, named Alecto, Megaera, and Tisiphone, who mercilessly punished wrongdoing, especially when committed within families.Eumenides meant "the kindly ones". We now use the word "euphemism" to describe words which do not say the unpleasant idea intended.From Greek euphemismos, "use of a favorable word in place of an inauspicious one"; from euphemizein "to speak with fair words", from eu-, "good" + pheme, "speaking", from phanai, "to speak".In ancient Greece, the superstitious avoidance of words ofill-omen during religious ceremonies, or substitutions; such as, Eumenides, "the Gracious Ones" with reference to the Furies.In English, a rhetorical term at first; broader sense of "choosing a less distasteful word or phrase than the one meant" was first established or documented in 1793.30 Elysian FieldsA "place of great happiness; blissful, delightful", which inspired the French to call their famous boulevard in Paris the Champs 蒷ys閑.A tree-lined thoroughfare of Paris, France, leading from the Place de la Concorde to the Arc de Triomphe.。
希腊神话人物所演变出来的单词
希腊神话人物所演变出来的单词西方文化有两个源头：一为希腊(Hellenic) 文化 ,一为希伯莱(Hebrew) 文化 ,而希腊文化中的希腊神话(Greek mythology) 对英语影响非常广泛。
现代英语中 ,很多词汇来源于希腊罗马神话中众神的名字 ,至今仍起着重要的作用。
今天通过希腊神话人物了解一些从神话人物中衍生出来的单词。
1、Flora ：古希腊罗马神话中的花神。
她嫁给了西风之神Zephyr ,丈夫送给她一座满是奇花异草的园子。
春天时 ,Flora和丈夫 Zephyr 手挽手在园子里漫步 ,他们一路走过的地方百花齐放。
Flora 在现代英语里指代“植物”。
衍生词：flower ,flour , flourish , floral , florist。
2、The Muses(缪斯) ：希腊神话中掌管艺术的诸神。
共九位 ,分别是历史、抒情诗、喜剧 (牧歌、田园诗) 、悲剧、歌舞、爱情诗、颂歌、天文、史诗。
Muses 的艺术衍生出单词 music ,Muses 收藏艺术品的地方就是museum。
艺术带来的快乐便是muse ,amusement。
3、Pan(潘) ：牧神和森林之神 ,受打扰时会大声吼叫。
衍生词：panic(惊慌 ,恐慌)。
4、Titan(泰坦) ：曾统治世界的巨人族的一员。
Titan 在现代英语里指代高大强壮的人 ,重要人物。
衍生词 titanic 意指巨大的 ,极大的。
“泰坦尼克号”即以此命名。
5、Zephyrus(泽费罗斯) ：西风之神。
衍生词：zephyr (西风 ,和风 ,微风)。
6、Atlas ：阿特拉斯，希腊神话中 Titans (泰坦) 巨神之一 ,因背叛Zeus(宙斯) 被罚在世界的西边尽头以双肩扛天。
其他衍生词：Atlantic。
7、Ceres ：庄稼保护神。
古罗马遭受大旱 ,教士们求助女巫占卜 ,占卜的结果是要立一位新的女神 Ceres ,向她供奉 ,这样她就会给大地带来雨水。
英语词汇中的希腊神话故事
英语词汇中的希腊神话故事英语词汇中的希腊神话故事有很多，以下是一些例子：1. Achilles' heel （阿喀琉斯之踵）- 根据希腊神话，阿喀琉斯是希腊军队中一位勇猛的战士，但他的脚跟是唯一的弱点。
他在特洛伊战争中被一支箭射中脚跟，最终身亡。
2. Pandora's box （潘多拉的盒子）- 根据希腊神话，潘多拉是世界上第一个女人，由宙斯创造。
她被赋予了一只盒子，被告知不要打开。
但是，她不能抵制好奇心，打开了盒子，释放了疾病、灾难和邪恶。
3. Trojan horse （特洛伊木马）- 根据希腊神话，特洛伊战争中，希腊军队虚张声势离开，但留下了一座巨大的木马。
特洛伊人把马带入城中，不知道希腊士兵藏在木马里。
夜晚，希腊士兵从木马中出来，攻陷了特洛伊城。
4. Narcissus （自恋者那西修斯）- 根据希腊神话，那西修斯是一个非常美丽的青年，但他狂恋自己的美貌。
他看到自己的倒影后，深深地爱上了自己，不愿离开倒影，最终变成了一朵水仙花。
5. Odyssey （奥德赛）- 在希腊神话中，奥德赛是特洛伊战争后，奥德修斯回家的故事。
他经历了许多冒险和困难，包括与各种怪物和海神的战斗，最终成功回到故乡。
6. Herculean task （海格力斯的工作）- 根据希腊神话，海格力斯是一位非常强壮的英雄，被迫完成了十二项艰巨的任务。
这个词被用来形容特别困难或庞大的工作。
7. Phoenix rising from the ashes （凤凰涅槃）- 根据希腊神话，凤凰是一种传说中的鸟，可以自己焚身后再生。
这个词在英语中被用来形容一个人或事物经历失败或毁灭后，得以重建或再次崛起。
这只是一小部分希腊神话故事在英语词汇中的应用。
希腊神话故事在西方文化中有着深远的影响，其中许多故事被用作象征和比喻。
希腊神话英语词源词根
希腊神话英语词源词根Greek mythology has greatly influenced the English language, and many English words have their origins in Greek mythology. Here are some common English words and their etymological roots in Greek mythology:1. Atlas: The word "atlas" comes from the Greek titan Atlas, who was condemned to hold up the heavens for eternity. In English, an atlas refers to a collection of maps.2. Chronology: The word "chronology" is derived from the Greek word "khronos," meaning time. In Greek mythology, Chronos was the personification of time.3. Narcissism: The term "narcissism" originates from the Greek myth of Narcissus, a handsome young man who fell in love with his own reflection. It refers to excessiveself-love or vanity.4. Nemesis: The word "nemesis" comes from the Greek goddess Nemesis, who was the personification of divine retribution and vengeance. In English, it refers to an inescapable punishment or a formidable rival.5. Odyssey: The term "odyssey" is derived from the epic poem "Odyssey" by the ancient Greek poet Homer. It refersto a long and adventurous journey.6. Pandora's Box: The phrase "Pandora's Box" originates from the Greek myth of Pandora, the first woman created by the gods. She was given a box (jar) by the gods, which she was instructed not to open. Curiosity got the better of her, and when she opened the box, all the evils of the world escaped. In English, "Pandora's Box" refers to a source of unforeseen troubles or complications.7. Tantalize: The word "tantalize" comes from the Greek myth of Tantalus, who was punished in the afterlife bybeing placed in a pool of water with fruit hanging above him. Whenever he tried to drink the water or eat the fruit, they would recede from his reach. In English, "tantalize"means to torment or tease someone with something desirable but out of reach.8. Herculean: The term "Herculean" is derived from the Greek hero Hercules, known for his incredible strength and numerous feats. In English, "Herculean" refers to a task or challenge that requires great strength or effort.These are just a few examples of how Greek mythology has influenced the English language and provided us with words and phrases that we use today. The rich and fascinating stories from Greek mythology continue toinspire and shape our language and culture.。
源于古希腊罗马传说故事的英语习语
例句：Money was an apple of discord between Jack and his wife. 翻译：钱就是杰克夫妇俩不和的根源。
8. A Sisyphean task
音标读法：【ə ˌsisiˈfiːən ta:sk】 字面意思：西西弗斯式的任务 实质意思：永无尽头而又徒劳无功的任务 成语来源：西西弗斯（Sisyphus）是希腊神话中一个坏人，因生前作恶多 端，死后受到神的惩罚：他必须将一块巨石推上山顶，而每次到达山顶后巨 石又滚回山下，如此永无止境地重复下去。
成语来源：特洛伊战争中，特洛伊人发现城外有一架希腊人制作的高大木马，就当 做战利品运进了特洛亚城。但是，木马内部是空的，里面埋伏了很多希腊勇士。在 夜间，木马腹中的希腊勇士冲了出来，打开了特洛伊城门，和外面埋伏的希腊大军 里应外合，拿下了特洛伊城，取得了特洛伊战争的胜利。
例句：I know the handsome man is in fact a Trojan horse . 翻译：我知道那个挺帅的男人实际上是个奸细。
源于古希腊罗马传说故事的英语习语
1. Achilles' heel
音标读法：【ə,kili:z 'hi:l】
字面意思：阿喀琉斯的脚踵
实质意思：一个人身上唯一致命的弱点
成语来源：阿喀琉斯（Achilles）是古希腊特洛伊战争中的大英雄，全身上 下刀枪不入，横勇无敌。但别人不知道的是：他的脚踵处是其身上唯一的薄 弱环节，不堪一击。后来他在战斗中，脚踵中箭而死。
例句：He faced a Hercules task in those years. 翻译：在那些年里他面临的是非常艰难的任务。
11. The Augean Stable
希腊神话中的英语单词(讲义版)
词源典故记单词gene[dʒi:n]n.基因genealogy [ˌd ʒi:ni ˈæləd ʒi ] n.家系，宗谱 He was proficient in all questions of genealogy. Generate [ˈd ʒen əreit ] vt.生成，产生(光、热、电等)；导致 Generic [d ʒi ˈnerik ] a.种类的，类属的abiogenesis [ˌeibai əu'd ʒenisis ] n. 自然发生，生物自生，偶发 congenial [k ən ˈd ʒi:ni əl ] a.相宜的 a friend congenial to me 和我意气相投的朋友 exogenous [eks'ɔd ʒin əs ] adj. 外生的(外界产生的，由外生长的) homogeneity [ˌh ɔm əud ʒe'ni:iti ] n. 同种，同质，同次性 pathogenic [ˌpæθə'd ʒenik ] adj. 致病的 primogenitor [ˌpraim ə'd ʒenit ə] n. 始祖，祖先 progeny [ˈpr ɔd ʒini ] n.后代genius [ˈd ʒi:ni əs ] n.天才，天赋；天才人物ingenious [in ˈd ʒi:ni əs ] a.设计独特的，巧妙的；善于创造发明的 genocide ['d ʒen əsaid;'d ʒen əˌsaid ] n. 种族灭绝Gaea – gen- ge-gngentile ['dʒentail;'dʒenˌtail] n. 异教徒adj. 异教徒的genuine [ˈdʒenjuin]a.真的；真诚的Genuine racial equality still seems light-years away. Pregnant[ˈpregnənt]a.怀孕的，妊娠的Cognate [ˈkɔgneit] a.同词源的，同类的hydrogen [ˈhaidrədʒən]n.氢nitrogen [ˈnaitrədʒən]n.氮oxygen [ˈɔksidʒən]n.氧，氧气geology [dʒiˈɔlədʒi]n.地质学；地质情况geometry [dʒiˈɔmitri]n.几何(学)geography [dʒiˈɔgrəfi]n.地理(学)geothermal [ˌdʒi:əu'θə:məl] adj. 地热的Chronic[ˈkr ɔnik] a.慢性(病)的；长久的；积习难改的There is a chronic unemploymentproblem in America.Chronicle [ˈkr ɔnikl ] n.编年史Columbus kept a careful and detailed chronicle of his voyages.Chronograph [kr ɑ:n əgræf ] n. 计时器 Chronology [kr əˈn ɔl əd ʒi ] n.年代表 Synchronize [ˈsi ŋkr ənaiz ] vi.同步发生The sound on a film must synchronize with the action.Synchronous [ˈsi ŋkr ən əs ] a.同时发生的，同步的JoveIt was a good fight, by Jove!By Jove, I think you're right!Jovian ['d ʒəuvi ən ] adj. 木星的，威风凛凛的 Jovial [ˈd ʒəvi əl ] a.快活的I was in a jovial mood yesterday.Symphonies No. 41 “Jupiter ”Capital [ˈkæpitl ]n.首都(府)；资金；大写字母 a.大写的Capitulate [k əˈpitjuleit ]vi.投降 The whole course of my life proves that I never capitulate. Capsize [kæpˈsaiz ] vi.倾覆 Be careful not to capsize the boat. Decapitate [di'kæpiteit;di'kæpəˌteit ] v. 斩首，杀头Precipitate [pri ˈsipiteit ] vt.促成；使沉淀 n.沉淀物 a.突如其来的 Precipitous [pri ˈsipit əs ] a.陡峭的；仓促的Recapitulate [ˌri:k əˈpitjuleit ]vt.概括Athena[ə'θi:n ə]n. 雅典娜（希腊女神）Trident ['traid ənt ] n. 三叉戟 adj. 三齿的 Plutonium [plu:'t əuni əm ]n. 钚(放射性元素)Plutocrat n. 富豪, 财阀Do you wish to turn me into a plutocrat ?plutocracy [plu:ˈt ɔkr əsi ] n.富豪，财阀统治 plutology [plu:'t ɔl əd ʒi ] n. 财富学，理论经济学Caucasus ['k ɔ:k əs əs ] n. 高加索山脉，高加索（苏联欧洲部分东南部的地区）Pandora [pænˈd ɔ:r ə] n.[希神]潘朵拉 Donate [d əu ˈneit ] v.捐赠，赠送Donee ：[d əuni:] 受赠者【医】受体;受(血)者 Donor ['d əun ə] n. 捐赠人[计算机] 施主 Anecdote [ˈænikdəut ]n.轶事，趣闻 Condone [k ən ˈd əun ]vt.宽恕Dose [d əus ]n.(一次)剂量，一剂，一份 A dose of this stuff will purge you!Dower ['dau ə] n. 嫁妆，天赋，亡夫遗产 vt. 给以用以维持生活的财产，给以嫁妆 Dowry [ˈdau əri ]n.嫁妆Endow [in ˈdau ] vt.资助，捐赠；(with)给予，赋予 （endowment ？ ）Coubertin 1894.6.23Galaxy[ˈgælək əsi ] n.星系[the G-]银河(系)；一群(杰出人物) =（the milk way ）There may be millions of worlds in the Milky Way Galaxy.June [d ʒu:n ] n.六月 Juno MonetaMint [mint ] n.薄荷；铸币厂 vt.铸造(硬币)；创造(词等)The Royal Mint will strike a commemorative gold coin. Many people like to chew mint gum in the summer.Money [ˈm ʌni ] n.钱，货币，金钱I'd like to deposit some money.volcano [v ɔl ˈkein əu ] n.火山A volcano emits smoke and ashes.volcanic cone [v ɔl ˈkænik ] a.(象)火山的；爆发的crater [ˈkreit ə] n.火山口；坑(如陨石坑，弹坑等)caldera [kæl'dɛər ə] n. 火山口vent [vent ] n.通风口，排放口；开衩 vt.表达，发泄When I get frustrated and angry, I have to vent my spleen on someone.volcanic plug 火山栓plug [pl ʌg ]n.插头，插座；塞子，栓 vt.塞住Aphrodisia：[,æfrə'dɪʒə]n. 性欲Aphrodisiac [,æfrəu'diziæk] adj. 引起性欲的n. 春药VenerealVenerologygolden bow golden arrow leaden arrowpsyche [ˈsaiki]n.心灵psychology [saiˈkɔlədʒi]n.心理学psychologist [saiˈkɔlədʒist]n.心理学家psychoanalysis [ˌsaikəuəˈnælisis]n.精神分析psychobiology [ˌsaikəubai'ɔlədʒi] n. 精神生物学psychodiagnosis [saikəudaiəg'nəusis]精神诊断，心理诊断psychic [ˈsaikik]a.精神的，心灵的erotic [iˈrɔtik]a.性爱的，色情的(作品)BellonaRebel ['reb əl,ri'bel ] n. 叛徒，起义者vi. 造反，反抗，反感adj. 造反的，反抗的The colonists took up weapons to rebel against the British ruler.Rebeldom ['rebld əm;'reb əld əm ] n. [总称]起义者，叛乱者，叛区Rebellion [ri ˈbelj ən ] n.反叛，反抗The rebellion was crushed by government forces.Rebellious [ri ˈbelj əs ] a.反抗的，难控制的Belligerent [bi ˈlid ʒər ənt ] a.交战的；好争吵的Bellicose [ˈbelik əus ]a.好战的His bellicose disposition alienated his friend.Belligerent [bi ˈlid ʒər ənt ] a.交战的；好争吵的The boys found it hard to get along with Tom, because he always said some very belligerent things.Ares / Marssunflower （clytie）daphne [ˈdæfni ] n.[植]瑞香，月桂树laurel [‘l ɔr əl] n.月桂树，桂冠poet laureate 桂冠诗人Helios （Hyperion+Thea ）Heliocentric [ˌhi:li əu'sentrik ] adj. 以太阳为中心的Heliogram 'hi:li əˌgræm ] n. 反光信号Heliotheraphy 日光疗法Heliotropic [hi:li ə'tr ɔpik ]adj. 向日性的，屈日性的Helium ['hi:li əm ] n. 氦Demeter + Zeus = Persephone Hades rob PersephoneCereal [ˈsiəriəl]n.加工而成的谷类食物；谷类植物，谷物Ceremony[ˈseriməni]n.典礼，仪式；礼节，礼仪mercurial [mə:ˈkju əri əl ] a.善变的，活泼的commerce [ˈk ɔm ə:s ] n.商业，贸易He majored in international commerce in college.commercial [k əˈm ə:ʃəl ] a.商业(务)的；商品化(性)的 n.商业广告mercenary [ˈm ə:sin əri ] a.唯利是图的 n.雇佣兵Those mercenaries were hired to fight.Merchant [ˈm ə:t ʃənt ] n.商人merchandise [ˈm ə:t ʃəndaiz ] n.[总称]商品，货物 vt.买卖，经营Among all the merchandise, I was interested in the cotton piece in particular.MusicMusicianMuseum [mju(:)ˈzi əm ]n.博物馆Amuse [əˈmju:z ]vt.逗乐，逗笑；给…提供娱乐The boys amuse themselves bydrawing caricatures of theirteacher.Amusement [əˈmju:zm ənt ]n.娱乐；文娱设施The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements.Memorize [ˈmem əraiz ] v.记住，熟记Immemorial [ˌimi ˈm ɔ:ri əl ] a.太古的，极古的Memorandum [ˌmem əˈrændəm ] n.备忘录；记录Commemorate [k əˈmem əreit ] vt.纪念，庆祝Commemorable k ə'mem ər əb əl ] adj. 该记住的，值得纪念的Remember [ri ˈmemb ə] v.记得，记住；(to)代…问候Remembrance [ri ˈmembr əns ] n.记忆(力)；回忆In remembrance of the battle, we set up a museum.Panic ['pænik ]n. 恐慌，惊惶adj. 惊慌的，没有理由的，恐慌的vt. 使 ... 惊慌The crowd panicked at the sound of the explosion.She got into a panic when she thought she'dforgotten the tickets.Syrinx ['siri ŋks ]n. 牧神所用的笛子，鸣管，耳管Pan ’s labyrinth [ˈlæbərin θ] n.迷宫Pan- AmericanPandemic [pænˈdemik ] a.(病)大范围流行的 pandemic fear of nuclear war.Panorama [pænəˈr ɑ:m ə] n.全景；概括，综述，概观As we stood at the top of the mountain, a beautiful panorama spread out before us.Panegyric [ˌpæniˈd ʒirik ] n.颂词，颂扬 agyris=agora地方Pandit ['p ʌndit ] n. 博学家，梵学家Pandora [pænˈd ɔ:r ə]n.[希神]潘朵拉Pantheon [ˈpænθi ən ]n.万神殿，众神 pantheios, from pan- "all" + theios "of or for the gods," from theos "god" (see Thea ).An apple of disorder = the root of the troubleHelen of Troy : a beautiful girlA terrible disaster brought by somebodyor something you like the best.Achilles Achillean [ˌæki'li:ən ]adj. Achilles 的，勇敢的，刀枪不伤的 Achilles ’s heel : 致命的弱点。
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与希腊神话和荷马史诗相关的GRE词汇
1．Chaos：开天辟地的混沌之神＜反＞cosmos：宇宙，有序的整体
universe = unanimous ：全体意见一致的
2．TITAN 十二泰坦神→ titanic 巨大的，强大的
3．Zeus 主神宙斯
4．The Muses 缪斯，主管文艺和科学等9位女神
5．Pluto 冥界之神，阴间之神；因为具有“冥河之宝藏”而似的“-pluto”作为词根表示”
财富”; eg: plutocracy 财阀统治；plutolatry 拜金主义
6．Styx 环绕冥土四周的冥河，阴河; styx → stygian 冥河的，阴间的；黑洞洞的；幽暗的注意同义程类：stygian:dark
7．Lethe 忘川，冥府河流名，饮其水则会忘记过去；忘却，遗忘
lethargic 昏昏欲睡的<> stimulate
8．Poseidon 海洋之神，海王
9．Narcissus那西塞斯(一美少年因自恋水中的美影以致憔悴而死化为水仙花) narcissus 以美貌自夸的青年；水仙花；顾影自怜
narcissism 自我陶醉，自恋
10．Echo 山谷女神：迷恋Narcissus, 然而赫拉（宙斯的妻子）嫉妒其美丽而令Echo只能重复别人刚刚说过的话，Narcissus因此而抛弃了Echo
11．Eris厄里斯(不和女神，复仇女神) 为了报复Narcissus, 用诅咒使其最终死于自己的美丽eristic 争论的，辩论的；有争议的；诡辩的
12．Paris 帕理斯Troy 的二王子；因为与巴达王Menelaus的妻子Helen相爱而引发了特洛伊战争
13．Judgment of Paris 不爱江山爱美人；Eris不请自来地到一个众神聚会，离开时留下了一个金苹果，上面刻着“献给最美丽的女神”。
Hera，Athena和V enus三位女神为了争夺金苹果不分高下之时决定让Zeus决定，宙斯无法在自己的妻子，智慧女神和爱与美的女神，正在为难之际，Zeus拨开云雾向人间看去，看到了Paris正在牧羊，于是将决定权交给了Paris。
三个女神分别以“最大的疆土”，“最智慧的头脑”和“最美丽的女人”作为诱惑，而最终Paris作出了自己的Judgment，选择了V enus，而获得了最美丽的女人。
Apple of discord 引起争吵或者冲突的导火索，泛指大事件的导火索
14．Achilles阿基里斯希腊勇士，人与神的结晶。
出生之后被母亲倒提着在Styx中浸过，除了被母亲抓住的heel之外，全身刀枪不入，而最终在War of Troy 中死于Paris 的箭Achilles’ heel 金无足赤，人无完人
15．Hector赫克托Troy 的大王子，英勇善战，是人类中真正的勇士
hector 恃强凌弱；折磨
16．Sparta斯巴达(希腊伯罗奔尼撒半岛南部城市; 古希腊主要城市) 为了准备特洛伊战争，所有市民全年过着简朴而且艰苦的生活
Spartan 简朴的，艰苦的，刚强的, 勇敢的; 好战的; 严峻的
17．Stentor (荷马叙事诗Iliad中)声音宏亮的传令官，声音可抵50人
stentor 声音洪亮的人stentorian 声音洪亮的
18．Odyssey 《奥德赛》古希腊史诗；历尽沧桑德长途跋涉
Odysseus奥德修斯(古希腊荷马所作史诗《奥德赛》中的主人公,伊塞卡国王,在特洛伊战中献木马计)
19．Siren海上女妖莎琳[塞壬](半人半鸟的海妖, 常用歌声诱惑过路的航海者而使航船触礁毁灭)
siren 迷人的美女；汽笛；警报
同义程类siren：sound ：：beacon：beam/light
20．Procrustes 普罗克拉斯提斯(古希腊传说中Attica的一个强盗, 他将被他抓到的人放在一张铁床上, 比床长的人, 被其砍去长出的部分; 比床短的人, 被其强行拉长, 后来被提修斯用同样手法杀掉)
procrustean 强求一致的；迫使就范的
21．Proteus普罗秋斯, 变幻无定的海神，小海神
Protean 变化多端的，能扮演多种角色的；多才多艺的
22．Sibyl (古罗马或古希腊的)女预言家；女巫，女算命者
23．Chimera (吐火女怪)凯米拉(狮头、羊身、蛇尾); 怪物
Chimerical 空想的，幻想中的；异想天开的，不可能的
24．Iris（为诸神报信的）彩虹女神
iridescent 彩虹色的，灿烂光辉的
25．Zephyr 西风之神；西风的拟人化用语；和风，轻风，微风；轻罗，细纱
26．Atlas / atlas阿特拉斯(受罚以双肩掮天的巨人); [喻]身负重担的人；地图集27．Academy 柏拉图学派；某个科学领域内的权威定论机构
28．Stoic斯多葛学派哲学（公元前4世纪由哲学家Zeno创立于雅典）；禁欲主义29．Peripateticism 逍遥学派(由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德在学园内漫步讲学而得此名) peripatetic 逍遥学派的, 走来走去的。