大学英语B级统考语法概要

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大学英语B级统考语法概要:从句

1.名词从句

A. 知识要点

在句中起名词作用的从句称为名词从句,可以在句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语、表语、同位语等。名词性从句通常由that, whether/if, 疑问词(which, what, why, how等)以及连接词(whenever“无论什么时候”, whatever“无论什么”等)引导。

(1)由that引导的名词从句:that无任何语义,不做句子成分,仅起连接主、从句的作用。在宾语从句中常可省去,其他名词从句中不能省。

e.g.That she doe sn’t understand spoken English is obvious. 很明显她不懂口语。(主从)

I think (that) he is a good actor. 我认为他是个好演员。(宾从)

The truth is that he is only eighteen. 事实是他只有18岁。(表从)

The fact that Ann was late didn’t surprise me.安迟到的事实不足为奇。(同位语从句)

(2)由whether / if 引导的名词性从句:whether / if表示“是否”的意思。

e.g. Whether she goes with us (or not) is not important to me. 她是否和我们一起去对我而言不重要。(主语从句)

I don’t know whether/if he will come. 我不知道他来不来。(宾语从句)(3)由疑问词引导的名词性从句:疑问词引导名词性从句时,在从句中担任语法成分,而且常保留其本身的含义。

e.g. Why they left the country is a secret.他们为什么离开了乡下是个秘密。(主从)

She explained to him how he can start the car. 她向他解释怎样才能启动这辆汽车。(宾

从)

The question was who owned the house. 问题是谁是那房子的主人。(表从)(4)名词从句中注意的几点:

①that引导主语从句或宾语从句时,可用it作形式主语或形式宾语。

e.g. It is strange that he make a mistake. 真怪,他竟做错了。(主从,it为形

式主语,真正的主语为that所引导的从句)

e.g. He made it quite clear that he preferred to study English. 他很明确地说他

宁愿学习英语。(宾从,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为that所引导的从句)

②在同位语从句中,可接同位语的名词通常是抽象名词,且通常带冠词。

常见的有:idea(主意), belief(信仰), doubt(疑问), evidence(证据), fact(事实), hope(希望), message(消息), news(消息), orders(命令), plan(计划), promise(许诺), feeling(感觉), truth (真理,事实)等。

B.例题讲解

1)With his work completed, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased

______ he was a man of action. (《大学英语》(B)Test 2, 38)

e.g. A man who does not try to learn from others cannot hope to achieve much. 一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。(在定语从句中作主语)The engineers (whom / that) we met yesterday have worked out a new machine.

我们昨天碰到的那些工程师设计出了一种新的机器。(在定语从句中作宾语)

It is a problem which needs very careful consideration.

这是一个需要非常认真考虑的问题。(在定语从句中作主语)Madame Curie is a great scientist whose name is known all over the world.

居里夫人是一位世界闻名的大科学家。(在定语从句中作name的定语)We can never forget the day when Hong Kong returned to our homeland.

我们永远不会忘记香港回归祖国的那一天。(在定语从句中作时间状语)The building where you used to live has been pulled down. 你过去曾住过的那栋大厦已经被拆除了。(在定语从句中作地点状语)

We know the reason why he was very angry.

我们知道他为什么非常生气。(在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是reason)

(3)只能用关系代词that的情况:

①先行词为all, anything, something等不定代词时,只能用that;

e.g. I have never taken anything that doesn’t belong to me.

我从未拿过不属于我的任何东西。

②先行词前有最高级形容词及序数词first, last, next, only等修饰词时,只能用that。

e.g. He was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived.

他是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。

He is the only one among us that knows English. 他是我们当中唯一一个懂英语的人。

(4)只能用关系代词which的情况:

①定语从句前出现逗号时,只能用which引导;

e.g. I never met Mary again, which was a pity.

②关系代词在定语从句中作宾语且前面有介词时,只能用which引导。

e.g. The music to which we listened last night was written by my father.

我们昨晚听的那首曲子是我父亲写的。

B.例题讲解

1)Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?(《大学英语》(B)Test 1, 37)

A. who

B. which

C. whose

D. whom

解析:此题中,the guy是先行词,并且在定语从句中主语、谓语和宾语都不缺,只缺少名词主语中head的定语,表示“那个家伙的头看上去像个大马铃薯”,因此正确答案为C选项。

2)While I was in the university, I learned taking a photo, _______ is very useful now for me.(《大学英语》(B)Test 4, 32)

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