定语从句 名词性从句

定语从句：

1.按照句子结构分：简单句、并列句、复合句

2.复合句：由一个主句加上一个或多个从句构成的句子。

3.定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

①定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。

如：The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。)

②语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；

引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,关系词两个作用（1）连接主从句

（2）关系词在定语从句中充当一定成分。其中that、which、who、whom称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。

③关系代词或关系副词的作用：

1．关系代词who、that、whom指人,在从句中作主语（who、that）不可省。宾语（who、that、whom），作从句宾语时可省略。

He is the thief(that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days.(这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。)

2．关系代词which、that指物。它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。作从句宾语时可以省略。Please find a room (which ) we can live in. (请找一间我们能住的房间。)

注：若有介词在关系词之前指人只用whom；指物只能用which .如：to whom ;from which

3．关系代词whose作定语，表示所属关系。后名词属于先行词。

The man whose son is in our class is a famous artist.

4.关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。

如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago.(这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。)

I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。)

④限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book,which none of us had heard of.(她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。)

[注解]只用that不用which的几种情况：

1．当先行词是是形容最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。关系词只用that.

2.现行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。关系词只用that.

3.先行词既有人又有物只用that.

4．先行词指事物，是(all,much, little,few,something,anything，everything, nothing, none. the one等),关系词只能用that.

如：All that Lily told me seems untrue.(Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。)

Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside?(能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？)

This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。)

5.先行词被不定代词修饰，如(all,any,every ,few,little,no,some)

6.先行词前面有(only,one of, the only, the same,the very,the last )

7.主句已有疑问词which时。

8.有两个定于从句，其中一个已用which ,另一个宜用that.

注：

1.当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who.

如：This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.)(这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)

2.若是不定代词指人，用who不用that.

3. those为先行词指人用who;指物用that.

做题过程：

1.读句。

2.分清主句与定语从句。

3.确定先行词并分清是人是物；定语从句位于先行词之后分别确定关系词，要想一下关系词在定于从句所作成分。

4.注意先行词是否有特殊词。

(1)精讲——介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

(2)介词的选取三原则

(3) 1.根据介词与先行词的搭配习惯确定介词。先行词不同，与之习惯搭配的介词也不同。同时也要注

意句意。

(4)(1)Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?

(5)(2)Do you still remember the days during which we worked together?

(6) 2.介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。

(7)Who is the man with whom you just shook hands？

(8) 3.根据定语从句意思的需要，此时要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。

(9)He had a bad cold, because of which he didn't attend the meeting.

(10)T he speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition.

(11)【知识点1】

(12)直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）

两种结构。

(13)【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.

(14)【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.

(15)【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.

(16)【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.

(17)【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.

(18)【知识点2】

(19)直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，可

省。