虚拟语气讲义与练习
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3 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
与下列名词连用的表语从句或同位语从句，其动词形式为：should+动词原形 这类名词有：suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, demand, requirement, desire, insistence,
stipulation, recommendation, agreement, preference, decision, resolution, idea, plan, policy等。 例：His proposal was that they (should set up a special board to examine the problem.
Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气是英语动词的一种特殊形式, 它所表达的动作和状态不是客观存在的事 实,而是说话人的主观愿望、请求、意图、命令、假设或猜测等。虚拟语气主要 使用于以下场合：
一、 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
1． 带 if 的虚拟条件句 1） 表示与现在的事实相反， 其形式为：
if从句：一般过去时（若动词是be， 则用were这个形式，不管是什么人称）
虚拟语气专项练习
1. If I _____ you, I d take his offer.
A) was
B) am
C) were
D) would be
2. If you ____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?
A) are B) are going C) have
insist, stipulate, recommend, agree, prefer The teacher required that we (should) hand in the paper next Monday. / I insisted that he (should) come
with us.
/We could have done better under more favorable conditions.
2) 上下文或其他方式表示的虚拟条件句 例：I was out that day. Otherwise I would have gone with you.
/You would have laughed to see him
C) probably would be died
D) would probably have died
7. ____ if you had lost your watch? A) Hadn' t you been upset B) Wouldn' t you be upset
C) Weren't you upset
have arrived there on time. / Should there be a flood, what should we do?
3. 含蓄条件句
含蓄条件句通常用一定的词汇手段暗示含蓄条件，如采用介词短语、不定式短语、名词短语、副
词等，有时也凭借上下文表示。判断含蓄条件句的主要手段是根据上下文的逻辑意义。
二、 名词从句中的虚拟语气
1. wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1)表示与目前事实相反：从句用一般过去时 2） 表示与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时 3） 表示未来实现的可能性很小：从句用 would/could/might+动词原形
I wish I were young. /I wish I hadn’t missed the train last night./ I wish you wouldn’t be late for school any more.
D) stay
9. ____ to me, John would not have failed.
A) If he has listened to me C).If he listened to me
2． 省略if的虚拟条件句
在if从句中， 如果有were, had, should这三个动词,可以省去if，采用谓语倒装形式来表示条件。这种 结构多用于书面语中。
Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us. / Had they not wasted their ti8me, they would
if从句: should/were to+动词原形或直接用一般过去时
主句: should /would/could/might+动词原形
If it were to rain, we should get wet. 4) 混合时间的虚拟条件句
/We wouldn’t lose courage even if we should fail again.
有时侯, 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作, 发生的时间不一致, 这时, 谓语动词的形式要根据
主、从句各自所表示的时间来调整。
If I were you, I would have gone to thee cinema last night / If he had taken my advice, he would be a scientist now.
D) were
3. I would have said" Hello" to him if I ------- your brother.
A) could see B) had seen C) will see D) have seen
4. If you ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱad wanted to buy a record, what ____?
1）用介词短语表示虚拟条件句
常见的有：without, with, in the absence of , but for等。
例：Without his support, we couldn’t have succeeded. / But for the storm, we would have been in time.
三、 状语从句的虚拟语气
1. 以as if /as though引出的方式状语从句，如所述事情与实际不符，该用虚拟语气，其谓语形式与 wish后的宾语从句中的情况相同。 例：They talked as if I were a stranger
2.以in case, lest, for fear that引出的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“should+ 动词原形”来表示虚 拟(should可省略) 例：He took a taxi lest he should be late / Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.
主句:: should /would/could/might+have+过去分词
if he had seen you, he would have helped you /She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy. 3) 表示与将来事实相反或未来实现的可能性极小, 其形式为:
A) would you buy
B) had you bought
C) would you have bought D) would you be buying
5. The experiment is very expensive. But ____ succeed, we would able to make
D) Wouldn't you have upset
8. "I was so sorry to hear about Jack. " "If he had made more friends here, he might.____"
A) have stayed
B) have to stay
C) be staying
jump aside. +(If you had seen him jump aside, you would have laughed) / I would have given you more help, but I have been ill. / Such mistakes could have been avoided. ( if we had been more careful)
2. suggest等动词后的宾语从句要求用虚拟语气
其动词形式为should+动词原形(should常可省略)。 这类动词有：suggest, propose, advise, move, urge, order, command, demand, require, request, ask, desire,
/ The order came that all the villagers be soon evacuated. / My idea is that we (should) try all these methods.
4．主语从句中的虚拟语气，
下列结构中主语从句要求用虚拟语气,其形式为：should+动词原形 1）It is /was/ +形容词过去分词+主语从句 这类形容词有：necessary, important, essential, appropriate, advisable, desirable, better, imperative, preferable, natural, urgent, strange, incredible, vital等。这类过去分词有desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, recommended, required等。 例：It was proposed that the meeting (should) be postponed till next week. / Is it necessary that you (should) be so economical? 2） It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder+ 例It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.
四、 其它句型中的虚拟语气
1．It is (high/about) time…后的从句中，谓语用过去时表示虚拟。
例：It’s high time (that) we left. 2．在would rather/ would sooner/ would just as soon/ might (just) as wee/ would prefer后的宾语从句中，
主句：should/would/could/might+动词原形
If her were you, he would tell her the truth. / I would certainly go if I had the time 2)表示与过去事实(可能)相反, 其形式为:
if从句: had+过去分词
production more efficient.
A) should we B) were we C) if should we D) if we
6. If the tablets had dissolved, John ____.
A) would probably die
B) had probably died
表示与现在不符的事 例：I’d just as soon you had returned the book yesterday. 3 If only引出的感叹句 if only 表示“但愿”、“要是……就好了”。它的用法和“I wish…”基本相同，只是更富有 感情色彩。 例：if only he were alive! =( I wish he were alive)/ If only she had asked someone’s advice! =( I wish she had asked someone’s advice.)
与下列名词连用的表语从句或同位语从句，其动词形式为：should+动词原形 这类名词有：suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, demand, requirement, desire, insistence,
stipulation, recommendation, agreement, preference, decision, resolution, idea, plan, policy等。 例：His proposal was that they (should set up a special board to examine the problem.
Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气是英语动词的一种特殊形式, 它所表达的动作和状态不是客观存在的事 实,而是说话人的主观愿望、请求、意图、命令、假设或猜测等。虚拟语气主要 使用于以下场合：
一、 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
1． 带 if 的虚拟条件句 1） 表示与现在的事实相反， 其形式为：
if从句：一般过去时（若动词是be， 则用were这个形式，不管是什么人称）
虚拟语气专项练习
1. If I _____ you, I d take his offer.
A) was
B) am
C) were
D) would be
2. If you ____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?
A) are B) are going C) have
insist, stipulate, recommend, agree, prefer The teacher required that we (should) hand in the paper next Monday. / I insisted that he (should) come
with us.
/We could have done better under more favorable conditions.
2) 上下文或其他方式表示的虚拟条件句 例：I was out that day. Otherwise I would have gone with you.
/You would have laughed to see him
C) probably would be died
D) would probably have died
7. ____ if you had lost your watch? A) Hadn' t you been upset B) Wouldn' t you be upset
C) Weren't you upset
have arrived there on time. / Should there be a flood, what should we do?
3. 含蓄条件句
含蓄条件句通常用一定的词汇手段暗示含蓄条件，如采用介词短语、不定式短语、名词短语、副
词等，有时也凭借上下文表示。判断含蓄条件句的主要手段是根据上下文的逻辑意义。
二、 名词从句中的虚拟语气
1. wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1)表示与目前事实相反：从句用一般过去时 2） 表示与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时 3） 表示未来实现的可能性很小：从句用 would/could/might+动词原形
I wish I were young. /I wish I hadn’t missed the train last night./ I wish you wouldn’t be late for school any more.
D) stay
9. ____ to me, John would not have failed.
A) If he has listened to me C).If he listened to me
2． 省略if的虚拟条件句
在if从句中， 如果有were, had, should这三个动词,可以省去if，采用谓语倒装形式来表示条件。这种 结构多用于书面语中。
Were there no gravity, there would be no air around us. / Had they not wasted their ti8me, they would
if从句: should/were to+动词原形或直接用一般过去时
主句: should /would/could/might+动词原形
If it were to rain, we should get wet. 4) 混合时间的虚拟条件句
/We wouldn’t lose courage even if we should fail again.
有时侯, 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作, 发生的时间不一致, 这时, 谓语动词的形式要根据
主、从句各自所表示的时间来调整。
If I were you, I would have gone to thee cinema last night / If he had taken my advice, he would be a scientist now.
D) were
3. I would have said" Hello" to him if I ------- your brother.
A) could see B) had seen C) will see D) have seen
4. If you ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱad wanted to buy a record, what ____?
1）用介词短语表示虚拟条件句
常见的有：without, with, in the absence of , but for等。
例：Without his support, we couldn’t have succeeded. / But for the storm, we would have been in time.
三、 状语从句的虚拟语气
1. 以as if /as though引出的方式状语从句，如所述事情与实际不符，该用虚拟语气，其谓语形式与 wish后的宾语从句中的情况相同。 例：They talked as if I were a stranger
2.以in case, lest, for fear that引出的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用“should+ 动词原形”来表示虚 拟(should可省略) 例：He took a taxi lest he should be late / Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget.
主句:: should /would/could/might+have+过去分词
if he had seen you, he would have helped you /She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy. 3) 表示与将来事实相反或未来实现的可能性极小, 其形式为:
A) would you buy
B) had you bought
C) would you have bought D) would you be buying
5. The experiment is very expensive. But ____ succeed, we would able to make
D) Wouldn't you have upset
8. "I was so sorry to hear about Jack. " "If he had made more friends here, he might.____"
A) have stayed
B) have to stay
C) be staying
jump aside. +(If you had seen him jump aside, you would have laughed) / I would have given you more help, but I have been ill. / Such mistakes could have been avoided. ( if we had been more careful)
2. suggest等动词后的宾语从句要求用虚拟语气
其动词形式为should+动词原形(should常可省略)。 这类动词有：suggest, propose, advise, move, urge, order, command, demand, require, request, ask, desire,
/ The order came that all the villagers be soon evacuated. / My idea is that we (should) try all these methods.
4．主语从句中的虚拟语气，
下列结构中主语从句要求用虚拟语气,其形式为：should+动词原形 1）It is /was/ +形容词过去分词+主语从句 这类形容词有：necessary, important, essential, appropriate, advisable, desirable, better, imperative, preferable, natural, urgent, strange, incredible, vital等。这类过去分词有desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, recommended, required等。 例：It was proposed that the meeting (should) be postponed till next week. / Is it necessary that you (should) be so economical? 2） It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder+ 例It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.
四、 其它句型中的虚拟语气
1．It is (high/about) time…后的从句中，谓语用过去时表示虚拟。
例：It’s high time (that) we left. 2．在would rather/ would sooner/ would just as soon/ might (just) as wee/ would prefer后的宾语从句中，
主句：should/would/could/might+动词原形
If her were you, he would tell her the truth. / I would certainly go if I had the time 2)表示与过去事实(可能)相反, 其形式为:
if从句: had+过去分词
production more efficient.
A) should we B) were we C) if should we D) if we
6. If the tablets had dissolved, John ____.
A) would probably die
B) had probably died
表示与现在不符的事 例：I’d just as soon you had returned the book yesterday. 3 If only引出的感叹句 if only 表示“但愿”、“要是……就好了”。它的用法和“I wish…”基本相同，只是更富有 感情色彩。 例：if only he were alive! =( I wish he were alive)/ If only she had asked someone’s advice! =( I wish she had asked someone’s advice.)