cold war。美苏冷战 英语版。最全最完整的版本。啵啵独家制作

Goals of the 2 countries
The United States, greatly expanded and enhanced in its strength in W. W. II, felt it had the power to establish American leadership in the world and open the world market to American goods and capital. So it wanted to break down the Soviet sphere of influence前苏联的势力范围 in Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union, out of its own security concern and fear of capitalist encirclement, 资本主义的包围 was determined to keep its hold on the Eastern European countries and to defend its sphere of influence at all costs.
The Full Cold War
&
The local hot wars
The Full Cold War
The Western Group
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
（北大西洋公约组织）
The Eastern Group The Warsaw Treaty Organization (华沙条约组织)
源自文库
Built in1961
Berlin Wall
Demolished in 1989
The Cuban Missile Crisis(1962)
The crisis began on October 15, 1962 when reconnaissance revealed Soviet missiles under construction in Cuba. After seven days of intense debate within the White House, Kennedy imposed a blockade around Cuba to stop the arrival of more Soviet missiles. On October 22, Kennedy announced the discovery of the missiles and his decision to blockade Cuba and that any attack launched from Cuba would be regarded as an attack on the US by the USSR and demanded that the Soviets remove all of their offensive weapons from Cuba. October 27 was the worst day of the crisis. A U-2 spy plane was shot down over Cuba. Tensions finally began to ease on October 28 when Khrushchev announced that he would dismantle the installations and remove the missiles, expressing his trust that the US would not invade Cuba. Further negotiations were held to implement the October 28 agreement, including a US demand that Soviet bombers be removed from Cuba, and specifying the exact form and conditions of US assurances not to invade Cuba.
US vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Democracy vs. Communism Capitalism vs. Socialism
outline
1.What is Cold War?
2.why did USA exert the policy of Cold War?
Soviet representative Marshal Zhukov signed the treaty. May 14, 1955 ,the Warsaw Treaty Organization was established.
Arms Race
Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR exploded its first atomic bomb in 1949.
Cold War tensions increased in the USSR when the US exploded its first hydrogen bomb in 1952. It was 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb.
Space Race
• Cold War tensions increased in the US when the USSR launched Sputnik I, the first artificial satellite into geocentric orbit on October 4, 1957.
Policy
Truman socialist杜鲁门主义
Economy German problem Military
Marshall plan 马歇尔计划 Piecing together the federal republic of Germany Established NATO 两大军事集团对立形成
The essence of Cold War
3.The performance of USA and USSR in politic,economy,military science……
4.Which event marked the begin and Which event marked the end of Cold War? 5.The process of Soviet hegemony
Causes of Cold War
(1) Underlying causes (i) Ideological (意识形态的) (ii) Economic (iii) Power rivalry(竞争) (2) Immediate Causes Leading to the Cold War (i) Extension of Russian influence in Europe (ii) The reactions of the United States (iii) Poor relations between the United States and the Soviet Union
held the North Atlantic Treaty signing ceremony in Washington.
August 24, the North Atlantic Treaty entered into force.
The Signing of the Warsaw Treaty Organization
The Signing of NATO
April 4, 1949, 12 foreign ministers of
the United States, Canada, Britain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Portugal and Italy
第三阶段
80年代
时间
苏联领导人 美国领导人
戈尔巴乔夫
尼克松
里根
重大事件
争霸特点 实力对比
第二次柏林危机 古巴导弹危机
阿富汗战争 美转强硬 苏联收缩
缓和紧张
优势在美
苏攻美守
Beginning of war:
Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义
The historians have so far not reached any agreement on the time in which the Cold War began. It is, however, quite safe to say that since 1947 when President Truman of the United States declared an anti-communist policy, the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union has begun.
两大阵营与军事集团
社会主义阵营：苏联为首
华沙条约组织（华约1955）
The socialist camp
资本主义阵营：美国为首
北大西洋公约组织（北约
1949）
The capitalist camp
美苏争霸的过程
阶段划分 第一阶段
50年代中期至60 年代中期 赫鲁晓夫 肯尼迪
第二阶段
60年代中期至70 年代末 勃列日涅夫
6.The efforts of the Cold War
何谓“冷战”
（What is Cold War)
Cold War refers to:1947--1991 years the United States led western capitalist countries and the Soviet Union socialist countries two camps in addition to the direct engagement, in economic, political, military, diplomatic, cultural, ideological and other aspects are in a state of confrontation period.
冷战是指：1947年——1991年间美国为首的西方资本主义国家和苏联为 首社会主义国家两个阵营除直接交战以外，在经济、政治、军事、外交、文 化、意识形态等各方面都处于对抗状态的时期。
The u.s.-led campaign of capitalism
Soviet union socialist camp European communist party Help each other 经互会 Bolster democracy Germany Plan Warsaw Treaty Organization华 沙条约组织
– The race to control space was on.
• April 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin became first human in space and first to orbit Earth. • US felt a loss of prestige and increased funding for space programs and science education. • On May 25,1961, Kennedy gave a speech challenging America to land a man on the moon and return him safely by the end of the decade. • Apollo 11 landed on the moon on July 16, 1969.
Causes of Cold War
• There were deep-rooted ideological, economic and political differences between the United States and the Soviet Union before the Second World War. These differences were intensified as a result of their mutual suspicions immediately after the Second World War.