现在完成时

现在完成时

1意义与构成[1][2]

表示过去：

1、发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果

2、某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态

构成：have/has+过去分词

2句型

基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）3过去分词

1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构

成规则相同。四点变化规则：

(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加

“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,

play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed

(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2 、不规则动词：

AAA型

原型过去式过去分词

burst burst burst

cast cast cast

cost cost cost

cut cut cut

hit hit hit

hurt hurt hurt

put put put

set set set

shut shut shut

spread spread spread

let let let

AAB型

beat beat beaten

ABA型

become became become

run ran run

come came come

特殊情况

read read read

read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ ABB型

bring brought brought

buy bought bought

build built built

burn burnt burnt

catch caught caught

dig dug dug

feel felt felt

fight fought fought

find found found

hear heard heard

hold held held

keep kept kept

lay laid laid

lead led led

lose lost lost

make made made

meet met met

sell sold sold

shoot shot shot

sit sat sat

stand stood stood

sweep swept swept

teach taught taught

tell told told

think thought thought win won won

ABC型

begin began begun

blow blew blown

break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn

drive drove driven

drink drank drunk

fly flew flown

forgive forgave forgiven

forget forgot forgotten

freeze froze frozen

give gave given

grow grew grown

know knew known

ride rode ridden

rise rose risen

ring rang rung

shake shook shaken

sing sang sung

sink sank sunk

swim swam swum

throw threw thrown

write wrote written

4用法

（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.

I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)

Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)

He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)