高中英语选修7unit3underthesea语法
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A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play
11.Any driver ___ a license ought to be punished.
A. doesn’t have B. having notC. has not D. not having
12.___ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary.
(2)Having been askedto stay, I couldn’t leave.
【注意】
1）在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。
.①The flowers in the garden want watering．
A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposed D. After being exposed
（2）用作宾语
.①He was afraid ofbeing scoldedbythe teacher.
②I rememberhaving been toldthe story.
3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch
4. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need.
★He didn’t mindbeing leftat home.
★That buildingbeing repairedis our library.
★Being protectedby a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.
★Having been givensuch a good chance, how could she let it slip away?
to put on a performance, Miss Green couldn't refuse very well.
A. Being askedB. AskedC. Ask D. To be asked
10.The missing boys were last seen ___ playing on the playground.
4、比较
①动词-ing一般时和一般时的被动形式
(1) He hurried home,looking behindfrom time to time.
(2) The buildingbeing repairedis ourdormitory.
②动词-ing的完成时和完成时的被动形式
(1)Having heardthis,our teacher expressed her satisfaction.
②Being helped out by the killerwhales, the whalers were able to make successful kill.
★______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (上海高考题2002)
V-ing形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
★The bird escaped _____________________(catch).
★ Hewas afraid of _________________________(abandon) by us.
【注意】
在avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。
（6）用作宾语补足语
.①You’ll find the topicbeingdiscussedeverywhere now.
②I saw a babybeing caught awayby two men.
【练习】
动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?
★Sobeing killedby sharks was a common occurrence.
.His suggestion is worth considering.他的提议值得考虑
此句可转换成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered.
His suggestion is worthyof beingconsidered.
3）allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。
②Having been givensuch a good chance, how would you not value it at all?
（5）用作表语
.What worried the child most wasnotbeingallowedto visit his mother in the hospital.
A. been called B. calledC. having calledD. being called
8. Do you mind_____ alone at home?
A. Jane’s leavingB Jane’s having leftC Jane’s being leftD Jane to be left
.I don’t allow him to swim here.我不允许他在此地游泳。
4）V-ing可带有自己的逻辑主语
一般情况下，句子的逻辑主语是句中的主语，但有时可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的结构称为独立结构。V-ing自己带的逻辑主语有两种形式：a）在V-ing前加“物主代词或名词的所有格”；b）在V-ing前加“名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格”。两者的区别是：前者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口语中使用后者更为自然。
.①Do you mindmy smokingin the room?你介意我在室内吸烟吗？
②The meetingbeing over, we all leftthe room and drove home.
会议结束后,我们都离开房间开车走了。
【即学即练】
I. Choose the right answer.
A. Not learningB. Never having learned
C. Having not learnedD. Having never learned
13.Do you mind ___ alone at home?
A. Jane leavingB. Jane having left
C. Jane’s being leftD. Jane to be left
时态语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
(not) doing
(not) being done
完成式
(not) having done
(not) having been done
【注】一般式：表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。
完成式：强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。
2、动词-ing形式的被动语态
6. _________ the whole story, Janedecided not to see the film.
A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. Been toldD. Telling
7. He has always insisted on his ___ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.
当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing形式的被动语态。动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语，但不能单独作谓语。其完成式多在句中作状语。
3、动词-ing形式的被动式的句法功能
（1）用作主语
. ①Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing.
2. The building ___ in our school is for us teachers. Though there’s noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.
A. builtB. having been builtC. to be builtD. being built
=The flowers in the garden want to be watered．花园里的花需要浇水了。
②The blackboard needs cleaning.
= The blackboard needs to be cleaned.黑板需要擦干净。
2）在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。
— Well, now I regret ____ that.
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have doneD. having done
II.用所给词的适当形式填空。
（3）用作定语
.①The problembeing discussednow is veryimportant.
②The housebeing builtwill be our library upon its completion.
（4）用作状语
.①Being asked toanswer thequestion, she couldn’t refuse.
1. --- What made Bill so angry?
--- ___. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasn’t come yet.
A. Having kept waitingB. Being kept waiting
C. To be kept waitingD. Being kept waited
Book7Unit3Under the sea
grammar
随 笔
the Passive Voice of
—ing Form
1、V-ing形式
V-ing形式由 “do＋ing”构成，其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
A. to persuadedB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded
5. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱo do the exercises.
A. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teaching
14.He has always insisted on his ___ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.
A. been called B. calledC. having called D. being called
15.— You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
11.Any driver ___ a license ought to be punished.
A. doesn’t have B. having notC. has not D. not having
12.___ the idiom, he looked it up in the dictionary.
(2)Having been askedto stay, I couldn’t leave.
【注意】
1）在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。
.①The flowers in the garden want watering．
A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposed D. After being exposed
（2）用作宾语
.①He was afraid ofbeing scoldedbythe teacher.
②I rememberhaving been toldthe story.
3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.
A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch
4. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___ into buying something they don’t really need.
★He didn’t mindbeing leftat home.
★That buildingbeing repairedis our library.
★Being protectedby a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.
★Having been givensuch a good chance, how could she let it slip away?
to put on a performance, Miss Green couldn't refuse very well.
A. Being askedB. AskedC. Ask D. To be asked
10.The missing boys were last seen ___ playing on the playground.
4、比较
①动词-ing一般时和一般时的被动形式
(1) He hurried home,looking behindfrom time to time.
(2) The buildingbeing repairedis ourdormitory.
②动词-ing的完成时和完成时的被动形式
(1)Having heardthis,our teacher expressed her satisfaction.
②Being helped out by the killerwhales, the whalers were able to make successful kill.
★______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (上海高考题2002)
V-ing形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
★The bird escaped _____________________(catch).
★ Hewas afraid of _________________________(abandon) by us.
【注意】
在avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。
（6）用作宾语补足语
.①You’ll find the topicbeingdiscussedeverywhere now.
②I saw a babybeing caught awayby two men.
【练习】
动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?
★Sobeing killedby sharks was a common occurrence.
.His suggestion is worth considering.他的提议值得考虑
此句可转换成：His suggestion is worthy to be considered.
His suggestion is worthyof beingconsidered.
3）allow, advise, forbid, permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。
②Having been givensuch a good chance, how would you not value it at all?
（5）用作表语
.What worried the child most wasnotbeingallowedto visit his mother in the hospital.
A. been called B. calledC. having calledD. being called
8. Do you mind_____ alone at home?
A. Jane’s leavingB Jane’s having leftC Jane’s being leftD Jane to be left
.I don’t allow him to swim here.我不允许他在此地游泳。
4）V-ing可带有自己的逻辑主语
一般情况下，句子的逻辑主语是句中的主语，但有时可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的结构称为独立结构。V-ing自己带的逻辑主语有两种形式：a）在V-ing前加“物主代词或名词的所有格”；b）在V-ing前加“名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格”。两者的区别是：前者为正式语体，后者多用于非正式语体，多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。因此，在书面文体中，尽量用前者，不用后者；但在口语中使用后者更为自然。
.①Do you mindmy smokingin the room?你介意我在室内吸烟吗？
②The meetingbeing over, we all leftthe room and drove home.
会议结束后,我们都离开房间开车走了。
【即学即练】
I. Choose the right answer.
A. Not learningB. Never having learned
C. Having not learnedD. Having never learned
13.Do you mind ___ alone at home?
A. Jane leavingB. Jane having left
C. Jane’s being leftD. Jane to be left
时态语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
(not) doing
(not) being done
完成式
(not) having done
(not) having been done
【注】一般式：表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。
完成式：强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。
2、动词-ing形式的被动语态
6. _________ the whole story, Janedecided not to see the film.
A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. Been toldD. Telling
7. He has always insisted on his ___ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.
当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，就要用动词-ing形式的被动语态。动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语，但不能单独作谓语。其完成式多在句中作状语。
3、动词-ing形式的被动式的句法功能
（1）用作主语
. ①Being killed by sharks in the sea is a common thing.
2. The building ___ in our school is for us teachers. Though there’s noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.
A. builtB. having been builtC. to be builtD. being built
=The flowers in the garden want to be watered．花园里的花需要浇水了。
②The blackboard needs cleaning.
= The blackboard needs to be cleaned.黑板需要擦干净。
2）在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。
— Well, now I regret ____ that.
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have doneD. having done
II.用所给词的适当形式填空。
（3）用作定语
.①The problembeing discussednow is veryimportant.
②The housebeing builtwill be our library upon its completion.
（4）用作状语
.①Being asked toanswer thequestion, she couldn’t refuse.
1. --- What made Bill so angry?
--- ___. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasn’t come yet.
A. Having kept waitingB. Being kept waiting
C. To be kept waitingD. Being kept waited
Book7Unit3Under the sea
grammar
随 笔
the Passive Voice of
—ing Form
1、V-ing形式
V-ing形式由 “do＋ing”构成，其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
A. to persuadedB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded
5. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱo do the exercises.
A. Having taught B. Having been taughtC. taught D. Teaching
14.He has always insisted on his ___ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner.
A. been called B. calledC. having called D. being called
15.— You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.