英美文学选读第五章笔记Modern period

第五章
I.Multiple choice
1.Contrary to the traditional romance of aristorcrats(貴族),the modern
English novel gives a realistic presentation of life of : the common English
people
2.the middle of the 18th century was predominated by a newly rising literary
form, that is modern English novel, which gives a realistic presentation of
life of the common English people
3.who is the first :Angry young Man
Osborne
4.George Bernard Shaw is considered to be the best –known english
dramatist since Shakespeare
5.George Bernard Shaw’s play Mrs. Warren’s prefession （沃倫夫人的職業）
is a realistic exposure of the economic exploitation of women in the
English society 對婦女經濟上的壓迫
6.the following comments on George Bernard Shaw are ture excepte
A.george bernard Shaw’s career as dramatist began in 1892 . when his
first play Widowers’s houses was put on by the Independent Theater
Society
他的第一部戲“鰥夫的房產”由“獨立劇社”上演
B.Shaw began his his literary career by writing novels soon after his
settling down in London
C.Shaw’s writings reflect the combination of realism and naturalism
D.Shaw’s plays can be termed as problems plays
倒轉錯位
7.Galsworthy was a conventional writer, having inherited the fine traditions
of the great victorial novelists of the critical realism such as Dickens and
Thackeray
高爾斯華綏是傳統型作家，繼承了維多利亞時期文學家的優良風格
8.in ―the Forsyte Saga‖費爾塞特世家by John Galsworthy , a typical
forsyte has a remarkable characteristic---a strong sense of property
弗爾塞特家族盛行的佔有欲與唯利是圖，這種佔有欲深刻影響到家族
內的人際關系，同時也反映出當時的英國社會人與人之間赤裸裸的金錢
關系
9.sailing to byzantium written by Yeats is a poem exploring the problem of
death, love, old age and art
駛向拜佔庭，葉芝揭示了死亡，愛情，衰老與藝術的問題，拜佔庭這個城市座落在東方與西方的交界處，成了時光流逝的場所，同時靈魂的顯現出沒又象征了煉獄與天堂這兩個對立事物的統一，一旦脫離凡塵或曰死去，詩中的老者便進入長青知識的紀念碑，進入永恆的世界，在這裡，藝術是亙古不變的
10.in the lake istle of Innisfree伊尼斯弗利的湖中沙洲, william butler yeats
expresses his desire to escape into a fairyland
11.we can find the allusion to Helen(海倫) and the Trojan war特洛伊by
willian bulter yeats ----Leda and the Swan 麗達同天鵝
12.the waste land荒原by T.S.Eliot is hailed as a landmark and a model of
the 20th century English poetry
荒原是埃略特最重要的獨立詩篇，被益為20世紀英國詩歌的代表與典范，可與華茲華斯的“抒情歌謠集”相媲美，這首詩對修辭與文體風格進行了大膽的革新，不僅全面展現了現代西方社會物質上的錯亂和精神上的頹敗，而且反映出戰後一代人中盛行的幻滅與絕望
13.the yellow fog that rubs its back upon the windowpanes
黃色的霧在窗玻璃上擦著它的背
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the windowpanes
黃色的煙在窗玻璃上擦著它的嘴
Linked its tongue into the corners of the evening
把它的舌頭舔進黃昏的角落裡
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
徘徊在快要幹涸的水坑上
The stanza is taken from T.S. Eliot’s the love song of J.Alfred prufrock (J.A.
布魯富勞克的情歌)
Love song of J.A Prufrock ：它講述了一位上了年紀的男人對求婚問題的深思不定，全詩的形式是戲劇獨白，暗示了虛假的情歌與主人公自已承認的無法直面愛情及無聊的上流社會生活之間諷刺性對照，Prufrock ,詩中主人公是個神經質，自以為是，不講羅輯以及優柔寡斷的人物，他是一個悲劇性角色，被陷在理想毀滅與欲望得不到滿足的痛苦中,詩歌的背景是一個彬彬有禮的社會，如同蒲柏的“奪發記”中描寫的上流社會的---茶點聚會極為重要的大事，打牌是排譴空虛的唯一途徑, 這首詩是反浪漫主義的，詩中的比喻與意象都不十會優美，氣氛也陰沉如地獄
14.Which of the following best describes the speaker of the love song of
J.Alfred prufrock ---He is a man of inactivity
15.Sons and Lovers by wrence established his position as novelist
16.Women in Love by Lawrence is considered to be better-structured novel
17.the lawrence trilogy 勞倫斯的三部曲refer to
A collier’s Friday night 礦工的周五夜晚
The daughter in law 兒媳
The widowing of Mrs. Holroyed 守寡的霍爾羅德夫人
三部作品的背景都是諾丁漢姆郡的工人階層，主要戲劇沖突都是無知粗暴的酒鬼父親或丈夫與厭倦粗俗但飽受挫折從而望子成龍的母親或是妻子這間的矛盾
18.Which of the following writings is not the novel of D.H. Lawrence’s
A.Sons of lovers
B. A portrait of the artist as a young man乔伊斯第一部长篇小说《艺术
家年轻时代的肖像》
C.The white peacock---處女作
D.The rainbow
19.Ulysses憂利西斯by James Joyce is a prime example of modernism in
literature
Joyce 真正的代表作是Ulysses, 這部小說是現代主義文學的首要典范，這部小說之奇特使人懷疑根本不是“小說”，因為它缺乏傳統小說所有的要素，沒有故事，沒有情節，沒有動作，人物塑造也僅有一點點，總體說來Ulysses 隻寫了一個人在都柏森一天之內的生活
20.in the english history, James joyce is the most outstanding
stream-of-consciousness 意識流novelist
21.at last she spoke to me, when she addressed the first words to me I was so
confused that I did not know what to answer, she asked me was I going to araby, I forget wheter I answered yes or no, it would be a splendid bazaar, she said , she would love to go
the passage is taken from James Joyce’s Dubliners
22.which of the following is not true according to James Joyce?
A.Ulysses has become a prime example of modernism in literature
B.Joyce is regarded as the most stream-of-consciousness novelist
C.Joyce is a realistic writer in english literature history
D.His novel ―a portrait of the artist as a young man‖ is naturalistic
account of the hero’s bitter experiences and his final artistic and
spiritual liberation
1916年，Joyce 第一部長篇小說“藝術家年輕時代的肖像”出版，
小說的題目暗示角色塑造有自傳的成份。

這部作品可以說是自然主
義的，描述了主人公痛苦的生活經歷及最後藝術與精神上的解放
II.Reading comprehension
1.I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree
我就要動身走了，去菌納斯
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made
搭起一個小屋子，築起籬笆房
Nine bean—rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee
支起九行雲豆架，一排蜜蜂巢
And live alone in the bee---Loud glade
獨個兒住著，綠蔭下聽蜂群歌唱
Questions
A.From which poem the stanza is taken?
William Butle yeats’ the lake of innisfree 伊尼斯弗利的湖中沙洲
B.What is the setting of the poem?
Tired of the life of his day, yeats sought to escape into an
ideal”fairy-land”where he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoy the
beauty of nature, then he wrote this poem
C.From the style of the poem, which period can we deduce the writer belong
to ?
The modern period
2.the yellow fog that rubs its back upon the windowpanes
黃色的霧在窗玻璃上擦著它的背
The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the windowpanes
黃色的煙在窗玻璃上擦著它的嘴
Linked its tongue into the corners of the evening
把它的舌頭舔進黃昏的角落裡
Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains
徘徊在快要幹涸的水坑上
Questions:
A.Identify the author and the title of the work from which this stanza is taken?
A.T.S Eliot, the love song of J. Alfred Prufrock J.A.布魯富勞克的情
歌
B.Write down the characteristics of the protagonist in the poem
Prufrock, the protagonist of the poem, is neurotic,self-important,illogical and incapable of action, he is kind of tragic figure caught in a sense of defeated idealism and tortured by unsatisfied desires
Prufrock ,詩中主人公是個神經質，自以為是，不講羅輯以及優柔寡斷的人物，他是一個悲劇性角色，被陷在理想毀滅與欲望得不到滿足的痛苦中,
C.What is the setting of the peom?
The setting of the peom resembles the “polite society” of Pope’s The Rape of the Lock , in which tea party is a significant event and a game of cards is the only way to stave off boredon
詩歌的背景是一個彬彬有禮的社會，如同蒲柏的“奪發記”中描寫的上流社會的---茶點聚會極為重要的大事，打牌是排譴空虛的唯一途徑, 這首詩是反浪漫主義的，詩中的比喻與意象都不十會優美，氣氛也陰沉如地獄
3.He went out to dinner several times in his evening suit that had been
william’s. each time his mother’s heart was firm with pride and joy. He was started now. The studs sbe and children had bought for William were in his shirt-front. He wore one of william’s dress shirts, but he had an elegant
figure. His face was rough, but warm-looking and rather pleasing. He did not look particularly a gentleman but she thought he looked quite a man
他穿著曾屬於威廉的晚禮服出去吃過幾頓飯，每次他的母親都很意，也很歡喜，心裡十分踏實，他現在可出人頭地了。

她和她的孩子們替威廉買的飾釘在他的襯衫前襟，他雖穿著威廉的一件配禮服的白襯衣，但他體態優雅，臉雖然顯得粗獷些，卻充滿熱情，討人喜歡，他看上去別不見得特別象紳士，然而在她看來，他的確一表人才。

Questions
A.What is the title of the novel from which this passage is taken? Who is
the author
Sons and Lovers A.D.H. Lawrence’s
B.Why each time his mother’s heart was firm with pride and joy?
Because his mother wanted him to climb into the middle class
C.What idea does this passage express?
Mrs. Morel is eager to make her son climb into the middle class
III.Questions and Answers
Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English?
1.What is stream of consciousness in novel writing?
A.In Modern literature, quite many new trends appeared, among them
―stream of consciousness‖ the theory of which was discovered by
William James, an American Psychologist. Fitzyerald utilized this
method in novel writing, creating new feature in deepening the theme
of the novels
B.Generally speaking, the novel of ―stream of consciousness‖ is just
writen against the order of time or logic, thus making the plot queer,
but through this queerness, the reader is enchanted into the
psychological world within heroes and the chaotic without
them
2.George Bernard Shaw is the leading playwright of his time, what’s
bernard Shaw’s viewpoint on literature?
A.His playwrights have a variety of subjects , his early plays were mainly
concerned with social problems and directed towards the criticism of
the contemporary social, economic, moral and religious evils
B.Strucurally and thematically , Shaw followed the great traditions of
realism. As a realistic dramatist,he took the modern social issues as his
sbujects with the aim of directing social reform
C.One feature of Shaw’s characterization is that he makes to trick of
showing up one characters are the representatives of ideas and point of
view
D.Much of shavian drames is constructed around the inversion of
conventional theatrical situation
3.what are the moderistic characteristics of wrence’s novels?
Lawrence introduces psychology into his works . he believes that the
healthy way of the individual’s psychological development lay in the
primacy of the life impulse(沖動), the sexal impulse. By presenting the
psychological experience of individual human life and of human
relationship, he openes up a wide new territory to the novel
IV.Top discussion
Discuss the striking feature of Paul, the main character in “Sons and
Lovers”?
A.He gradually comes under the strong influence of the mother in
affections, aspiration and mental habits, and sees his father with his
mother’s eyes
B.Paul depend heavily on his mother’s love and help to make sense of
the world around him
C.In order to become an independent man and a true artist he has to make
his own decission about his life and work,and has to struggle to
become free from his mother’s influence
D.Paul is proved to be incapable of escaping the overpowering
emotional bond imposed by his mother’s love, so he fails to achieve a
fulfilling relatinship with either girl
E.Finally, paul determined to face the unknown future
V.重點難點
1.What’s the theme of “The Man of Property”財主的主題
The theme of it is that of the predominant possessive instinct of the
Forsytes
and its effects upon the personal relationship of the family with the
underlying assumption that human relationships of the contemporary
english society are merely an extension of property relationships
小說展示了弗塞特家族盛行的佔有欲，這種佔有欲深刻影響了家族內
的人際關系，同時也反映出當時英國社會人與人之間赤裸裸的金錢關
系
2.what’s the theme of The Wastle Land
The waste land is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern
civilization ub which human life has lost its meaning significance and
purpose
荒原一詩表現了現代文明中人們精神的墮落與崩潰，人生已失去了意義
與目的
3.what is the symblic meaning of “Birkin”in Women in Love ?
Birkin, a self-portrait of lawrence, who fights against the cramping
pressures of mechanized industrialism and the domination of any kind of
dead formulas, if present as a symbolic figure of human warmth,standing
for the spontaneous life force
傑拉德，一個效率極高卻不講人情的礦山主，將機器視為上帝，並
在礦山公司建立了非人道的機械化制度，他象征著精神的死亡，代表了
整個資產階級的倫理觀。

而勃金則是勞倫斯的一幅自畫象，他反抗著工業機械化帶來的種種壓抑
以及任何一種喪失了生命力的形式與教條，代表了人情溫暖及生命的原
始的沖動。

4.The literary approach to the presentation of psychological aspect of
characters is usually termed as stream of consciousness
直接寫出角色沒有從語言反映出的心裡活動成讓角色以獨白形式講出
內心最深處的思想的文學手法通常稱為“意識流”
VI.歷年考題
1.Which of the following best describes the speaker of T.S. Eliot’s “the
love song of J.Alfred Prufrock”?
He is a man of unactivity
2.In which of the following peoms by William Bulter Yeats did you find
the allusion to Helen and the Trojan War?
Leda and The Swan
3.He was afraid of her---the small, severe woman with greying hair
suddenly bursting out in such frenzy. The postman came running back ,
afraid something had happenned. They saw his tipped cap over the
short curtains. Mrs. Morel rushed to the door.”他有點替她擔心---這
位身材嬌小，十分嚴歷的花白頭發的女人一下子變得如此瘋狂，郵遞員也跑來看發生什麼事。

在窗簾上方，他們看見她的尖帽，而莫瑞爾夫人朝門口沖去.
The above passage is taken from:
D.H. Lawrence’s sons and lovers
4.James Joyce is the author of the all following novels Except
Dubliners 都柏林人
Jude the obscure
A portrait of the artist as a yong man 藝術家年輕時代的畫象
Ulysses 尤利西斯
5.The major concern of D.H. Lawrence’s fiction lies in the tracing of the
psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human
nature
勞倫斯是首先將心理透析引入作品的小說家之一，他注重刻畫人物心理與感情沖突，他還強烈抨擊資本主義工業文明對人性的毀滅，他能很好地將社會批判與心理探究融合起來
6.Bermard Shaw is considered to be the best-know English dramatist since
Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired social criticism 蕭伯納被認為是莎士比亞以來最著名的戲劇家，他的作品具有強烈的社會批判意義
7.which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Moderism B
A.to elevate this individual and inner being over the social being.
B.To put the stress on traditional values
C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and
his environment
D.To advocate a conscious break with the past
8.Her eyes met his and he looked away, he neither believed nor disbelieved
her, but he knew that he had made a mistake in asking; he never had known , never would know, what she was thinking. The sight of her inscrutable難以了解的face , the thought of all the hundreds of evenings he had seen her sitting there like that,soft and passive, hut so unreadable , unkown, enraged him beyond measure‖她的眼光跟他碰上，他眼晴望開去，她的話他
不相信，也相信，可是他知道他問錯了，她的心思她從來不知道，看她這幅心意莫測的臉，同時想起有無數的晚上都是這樣柔順的樣子做在這裡，然而是那樣的無法窺測，無法知曉，使他怒不可遏
A.Identify the writer and the work
John Galsworthy : the man of property
B.What does the phrase inscrutable face mean?
A face does not show any emotion or reaction so that it is impossible to
know that person is feeling or what he is thinking about
C.What idea does the quoted passage express?
It presents the inner mind of soames in face of his wife’s coldness. He
can never know what is on his wife’s mind because the makeup of his
and her mentality is different. His wife Irene, whose mind is
romatically inclined, is disgusted with her husband’s possessiveness ,
Being unable to read his wife’s mind is as good as saying that he really
can’t regood her as his propety---this is very reason why he is enraged
beyond measure
9.And when I am formulated , sprawling on a pin
當我被公式化了，在釘針下趴伏
When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall
當我被釘在牆壁上掙紮
Then how should I begin
怎麼能開始吐出
To spit out all the butt—ends of my days and days
我的生活和習慣的全部煙頭
A.Identify the poem and poet
A.T.S. Eliot: the love song of J.Alfred Prufrock
B.What does the phrase “butt-ends”mean?
The ends of cigarettes, meaning trivial things here
C.What idea does the quoted passage express?
Here, Prufrock’s inability to do anything against the society he is in is made strikingly clear by using a sharp comparison . Prufrock imagines himself as a kind of insect pinned on the wall and struggling in vain to get free. This
image vividly shows Prufrock’s current predicament。