西方文化背景第九部分

Part IX Others 其它

1.T emperature温度

There are two scales for measuring tempertature. One is Fahrenheit, named after a German physicist, Gabriel Fahrenheit(1686-1736). The other is Centigarde or Celsius, named after the Swiss astronomer Anders Celsius (1701-1744). It is more common to measure temperature nowadays.

有两种衡量温度的方式：一是华氏温度，以德国物理学家Gabriel Fahrenheit 命名：二是摄氏温度，以瑞士的天文学家Anders CELSIUS 命名的，(1701-1744). It is more common to measure temperature nowadays.这一方式如今更加常用。

2.C alendars 日历

Different people found different ways of measuring the year and making calendars.不同国家用不同的方式计算一年

的时间和编制历法。

The ancient Chinese had a 360-day yaer divided into twelve months. This was a bit shorter than the sun’s year, so we sometimes added an extra month.

古代中国一年又360天，分为12个月。这比阳历短些，所以我们又是另外加一个月。

The Babylonians also had a 360-day yaer. Thay added three months every eight years to keep their calendar accurate. The ancient Egyptians were four years. This is the system we use today.

巴比伦人一年也有360天，他们没八年加三个月以保证日历的精确。古埃及人最为精确，以你少年共有365提升年，只是他们没四年会周四会再加一天。这就大海iwom现在使用的几件方式。

People needed calendars to measure the year and also to set dates for fastivals and other events. The Mayan people of Mexico and Central America had a very accurate calendar of 365 days ,plus a separate calendar of holy days.

人们用日历计算一年的时间和确定节日及其他时间的日期。墨西哥和美洲的玛雅人有非常精确的日历，有365天，再加上一个单独的宗教节日日历。

3.World Time Zones世界时区

When the sun is rising in one part of the world it is still nighttime in other places because the Earth takes 24 hours to do a full rotation on its axis. In order to know the time in otherparts of the world, several countries agreed to establish world tome zones in the late nineteenth century. All worlf times are based on Greenwich Mean Time—the time in Greenwich, near London, which is at 0°longitude(度) on the globe. Each additional 15 0°longitude from Greenwich represents one hour later to the east and one hour earlier to the west. There are 24 time zones althgether.

当太阳在世界的一方生气，世界的另一方还是夜间，因为地球旋转一周需要花24小时。为了能知道其他国家的时间，在19世纪后期，几个国家统一确立世界时区。全世界的时间都已格林威治时为基础，从格林威治开始，精度每增加15度，与其东边的时间相比晚一小时，与其西边的时间相比则早一小时，加在一起刚好24个时区。

4. English Words of Transliteration常见外来词

阿门amen 安琪儿，天使angel

啤酒beer 比基尼bikini

保龄球bowling 白兰地酒brandy

巴士，公共汽车bus 加农炮cannon

卡宾枪carbine 卡片card

卡通cartoon 卡式（暗盒）cassette

香槟酒champangne 巧克力chocolate 雪茄烟cigar 俱乐部club

可口可乐Coca-Cola 可可

咖啡拷贝

迪斯科舞倒板，翻番

打，十二个几何

高尔夫球汉堡包

海洛因嬉皮士

呼啦圈幽默

夹克

爵士乐，爵士舞吉普车

雷射，激光柠檬

荔枝芒果

马拉松马丁尼酒

麦克风超短裙，迷你裙

模特儿摩登马达，发动机

摩托车尼古丁尼龙