电子数据证据论文：电子数据的证据效力问题研究

电子数据证据论文：电子数据的证据效力问题研究

【中文摘要】电子数据证据是一种以计算机为基础的证据,但又不限于此,终端多样化的趋势使任何电子的、数据的、磁性的、光学的、电磁的或者类似技术产生的信息、记录以及“信息处理系统”都有可能成为电子数据证据。电子数据证据具有数字性、脆弱性和载体的多样性等特点,这些特点影响了对其法律证据效力的确认。传统的证据规则大都是建立在书面形式的贸易上,这给电子数据证据的采纳带来了很大的障碍,尤其是英美法系证据法中的传闻规则和最佳证据规则,以及大陆法系证据法中对原件和书面形式的要求,都极大影响了电子数据作为证据的效力。随着电子商务的广泛普及,国际社会和各国或通过制定专门的电子数据法律,或通过规定了例外规则,或作出立法和司法解释等方法来解决电子数据证据的可采纳问题,努力为电子数据证据的应用扫清障碍。其中尤为突出的是联合国的《电子商务示范法》,该法明确确定了电子数据的证明资格,同时也规定了电子数据证据在认证过程中要注意的问题。在电子数据的证据效力得到确认后,又产生了电子数据证据的归属问题。由于各国对不同的证据形式作为直接证据还是间接证据、原始证据还是传来证据使用的规定不一样,电子数据证据的归属将直接影响其证明力大小。目前关于电子数据证据的归属,主流学说有视听资料说、书证说、混合证据说和独立证据说等,各种学说对电子数据证据的归属进行了详细的分析和讨论,电子数据证据与视听资料存在着交集,与书证也有相似之处,但并

非全部都是视听资料或书证。为了便于诉讼、便于司法实践,根据电子数据证据的具体特点,笔者建议将电子数据证据列为一种新的证据类型。最后,通过分析和总结我国电子数据证据的立法状况和存在的问题,在借鉴外国立法经验的基础上提出了我国电子数据证据的立法建议。我国应当尽快确认电子数据证据的归属、完善电子数据证据的程序性规定,统一刑事、民事及行政电子证据规则,在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上,制定出符合我国国情、同时能融入世界证据规则的电子数据证据法。

【英文摘要】Electronic data evidence is a computer-based evidence. It has some special features such as vulnerability and carrier diversity, which affect the effectiveness of its recognized legal evidence.Because of its vulnerability, electronic data evidence makes a great impact on traditional rules of evidence, especially the hearsay rule and the best evidence rule in common law system. In the meanwhile, the civil law system which requires the original copy and the written form of evidence has also hindered the application of electronic data evidence. As the electronic trade has been used widely, many countries have taken measures to remove obstacles on the adoption of electronic evidence by means of making special electronic evidence law or making legislative and judicial interpretation of electronic data, etc. “The Model Law on

electronic data” which is made by UN has played an important role in the adoption of electronic evidence. The law has clearly established the proof of eligibility of electronic data, but also provided evidence in the certification process of electronic data necessary to pay attention to.After the evidential ability of electronic data has been confirmed, the attribution of electronic data evidence which will determine the value of electronic data evidence should be discussed. At present, several theories on the attribution of electronic data evidence have existed. Some scholars treated it as audio-visual evidence. Others treated it as documentary evidence or independent evidence. All these theories have made detailed discussion and analysis on the attribution of electronic data evidence. Meanwhile, electronic data evidence should meet the relevance, legitimacy and objectivity of such conditions in order to have the value of evidence.

【关键词】电子数据证据证据效力传闻规则最佳证据规则

【英文关键词】Electronic Date Evidence the effectiveness of evidence the hearsay rule the best evidence rule

【目录】电子数据的证据效力问题研究摘要

3-4Abstract4引言6-7第一章电子数据证据