英语段落写作--因果
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• 1. healthful and well-being conveys the same idea, so we still do not know why vitamins are good for us. • 2. people under 21 are too young to vote is both the conclusion and the reason, so no real reason is given. • 3. abortion is so wrong= an evil practice.
源自文库
Effect
• ….is the net result • It leaves some serious consequences • It may give rise to a host of problems • The immediate result it produces is… • The result is that.. • There are a number of effects • cause a sweeping change • lead to • result in • bring about
• Sample
• Many contributing reasons lie behind the online shopping frenzy. First of all, people choose to shop online because it is quite convenient. One needn’t go out but just click the keyboard at home. \\What’s more, stuffs in the online stores are much cheaper than those of shops in streets. As we all know the owners of online stores don’t have to pay rents and electricity and water bills which are usually added to goods’ price. \\In addition, various choices in online shops attract thousands of people to choose shopping through the internet.
Developing Your Essay
1. Present a reasonable thesis statement eg. Peer pressure causes alcoholism among students. • (may be, a contributing factor, one of the main reasons, and so on.) • Peer pressure is one of the major causes of alcoholism among students.
Unit 7 Social Problems
•Writing Cause or Effect paragraphs
Causal Analysis
Causal analysis explains the cause-and-effect relationship between two (or more) elements.
Cause: air pollution in City Effects:
(1) poor visibility (2) health problem: headaches, allergies, runny eyes and nose (3) shorter life span for residents (4) lower quality of life for residents (5) necessity to stay indoors: more sitting in front of the television
• 1. Vitamins are healthful, for they improve your well-being. • 2. Since people under 21 are too young to vote, the voting age shouldn’t be lowered below age 21. • 3. Abortion is an evil practice because it is so wrong.
Assignment
Causes • Why sales of DVDs are declining • Why growing numbers of people shop online • Why some roommates don't get along • Causes of the Popularity of Fast Food Restaurants • Why people exercise Effect • The effects of pressures on students to get good grades • The effects of peer pressure • The long-term effects of unemployment on a person • What are the effects of the computer on the quality of your writing • What is the value of having a pet? a hobby?
Expressions--Cause/ Reason • Thanks to…, • account • attribute A to B • be due to several factors • be partly caused by…. • Why…? For one thing • Another important reason is … • That’s the reason why….
Effect: Air Pollution in City
• Cause 1: Defective brakes • Cause 2: Hidden yield sign( 让车标志) • Cause 3: Bad weather • produce
• Effect: my car wreck
2. A cause may also have more than one effect. Effect1 Effect 2 result in • Cause Effect 3
• minor reasons: slightly tired, less sleep, staying out late • Concentrate on the most immediate, most important factors.
Problem to avoid-- circular logic.
Ways of organizing causal analysis essay
1. An effect may have more than one cause
• Cause 1 • Cause 2 • Cause 3 bring about Effect
• Causes:
(1)exhaust(废气) from automobiles and trucks; (2) soot(油烟，煤烟） from industry smokestacks(大烟 囱); (3) insufficient low pollution public transportation, etc.
Improved sample
I like my high school math teacher for three reasons. First, he teaches very well and his class is more interesting compared with other classes. He takes every opportunity to show how interesting math is; for example, he often plays number games in class, which is an important source of our enjoyment. Another reason is that he is very enthusiastic about his work. He always tells us how important math is, and he tells stories about great mathematicians, which encourage us to work hard. Next, my math teacher has a good sense of humor. Math class can be rather dull with formulas and numbers, but the teacher’s humorous remarks and jokes refresh and amuse us so that we never feel bored and are always able to pay attention to the subject.
2. Limit your essay to a discussion of recent, major causes or effects. • A car wreck • major reasons: defective brakes, a hidden yield sign, bad weather.
3. Cause-and-Effect Chain • Cause 1st effect cause 2nd Effect cause 3rd Effect (bad weather) (car wreck) (wet brakes) (doctor bills)
Example: • John got his left leg injured in a car accident (the original cause). Then he had to be hospitalized for three months.(the first effect). • Due to his stay in the hospital ( the second cause), he missed his lessons for three months ( the second effect). • Because of his absence from school (the third cause), he failed to attend the courses of the term( the third effect). • Owing to his failure to attend the courses of the term( the fourth cause), he failed in the final examination of the term (the fourth effect).
Use part of a point as evidence to support the point---also known as begging the question(回避 问题实质）
E.g: Mr. green is a great teacher because he is so wonderful at teaching. • Point: Mr. Green is a great teacher. • Support: he is so wonderful at teaching The point and the support is really the same.
• 1. Cause You are out of gas. Effect Your car won't start. 2. Cause the bad weather Effect: the car accident Cause asks : why did/does/ will X happen? Effect asks: What did/does/will Y produce?
源自文库
Effect
• ….is the net result • It leaves some serious consequences • It may give rise to a host of problems • The immediate result it produces is… • The result is that.. • There are a number of effects • cause a sweeping change • lead to • result in • bring about
• Sample
• Many contributing reasons lie behind the online shopping frenzy. First of all, people choose to shop online because it is quite convenient. One needn’t go out but just click the keyboard at home. \\What’s more, stuffs in the online stores are much cheaper than those of shops in streets. As we all know the owners of online stores don’t have to pay rents and electricity and water bills which are usually added to goods’ price. \\In addition, various choices in online shops attract thousands of people to choose shopping through the internet.
Developing Your Essay
1. Present a reasonable thesis statement eg. Peer pressure causes alcoholism among students. • (may be, a contributing factor, one of the main reasons, and so on.) • Peer pressure is one of the major causes of alcoholism among students.
Unit 7 Social Problems
•Writing Cause or Effect paragraphs
Causal Analysis
Causal analysis explains the cause-and-effect relationship between two (or more) elements.
Cause: air pollution in City Effects:
(1) poor visibility (2) health problem: headaches, allergies, runny eyes and nose (3) shorter life span for residents (4) lower quality of life for residents (5) necessity to stay indoors: more sitting in front of the television
• 1. Vitamins are healthful, for they improve your well-being. • 2. Since people under 21 are too young to vote, the voting age shouldn’t be lowered below age 21. • 3. Abortion is an evil practice because it is so wrong.
Assignment
Causes • Why sales of DVDs are declining • Why growing numbers of people shop online • Why some roommates don't get along • Causes of the Popularity of Fast Food Restaurants • Why people exercise Effect • The effects of pressures on students to get good grades • The effects of peer pressure • The long-term effects of unemployment on a person • What are the effects of the computer on the quality of your writing • What is the value of having a pet? a hobby?
Expressions--Cause/ Reason • Thanks to…, • account • attribute A to B • be due to several factors • be partly caused by…. • Why…? For one thing • Another important reason is … • That’s the reason why….
Effect: Air Pollution in City
• Cause 1: Defective brakes • Cause 2: Hidden yield sign( 让车标志) • Cause 3: Bad weather • produce
• Effect: my car wreck
2. A cause may also have more than one effect. Effect1 Effect 2 result in • Cause Effect 3
• minor reasons: slightly tired, less sleep, staying out late • Concentrate on the most immediate, most important factors.
Problem to avoid-- circular logic.
Ways of organizing causal analysis essay
1. An effect may have more than one cause
• Cause 1 • Cause 2 • Cause 3 bring about Effect
• Causes:
(1)exhaust(废气) from automobiles and trucks; (2) soot(油烟，煤烟） from industry smokestacks(大烟 囱); (3) insufficient low pollution public transportation, etc.
Improved sample
I like my high school math teacher for three reasons. First, he teaches very well and his class is more interesting compared with other classes. He takes every opportunity to show how interesting math is; for example, he often plays number games in class, which is an important source of our enjoyment. Another reason is that he is very enthusiastic about his work. He always tells us how important math is, and he tells stories about great mathematicians, which encourage us to work hard. Next, my math teacher has a good sense of humor. Math class can be rather dull with formulas and numbers, but the teacher’s humorous remarks and jokes refresh and amuse us so that we never feel bored and are always able to pay attention to the subject.
2. Limit your essay to a discussion of recent, major causes or effects. • A car wreck • major reasons: defective brakes, a hidden yield sign, bad weather.
3. Cause-and-Effect Chain • Cause 1st effect cause 2nd Effect cause 3rd Effect (bad weather) (car wreck) (wet brakes) (doctor bills)
Example: • John got his left leg injured in a car accident (the original cause). Then he had to be hospitalized for three months.(the first effect). • Due to his stay in the hospital ( the second cause), he missed his lessons for three months ( the second effect). • Because of his absence from school (the third cause), he failed to attend the courses of the term( the third effect). • Owing to his failure to attend the courses of the term( the fourth cause), he failed in the final examination of the term (the fourth effect).
Use part of a point as evidence to support the point---also known as begging the question(回避 问题实质）
E.g: Mr. green is a great teacher because he is so wonderful at teaching. • Point: Mr. Green is a great teacher. • Support: he is so wonderful at teaching The point and the support is really the same.
• 1. Cause You are out of gas. Effect Your car won't start. 2. Cause the bad weather Effect: the car accident Cause asks : why did/does/ will X happen? Effect asks: What did/does/will Y produce?