It句型及倒装句

“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配
一、It用作实词
表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象……
二、It用作形式主语
1. It替代作主语的从句常见句型
(1) It is + noun +从句
例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.
(2) It is adj. +clause
It's surprising that…(should)………竟然……
It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……
(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that …
(4) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know） (5) It is v-ed that …(should)…
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend 例 It is suggested that they should beg in with the third question.
三、It作主语的句型
1. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do某人的风格
2. It's (about/high) time that… should /v-ed…
3. It's the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…
4. It is/has been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时间不发生了
5. It was(not)…before…例 It was not long before they arrived.
四、It 作形式宾语
用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

It 作形式宾语的常见句型：
1. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)例 I'll make it wor th your while telling me about his secret.
2. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)
例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.
3. v. +it + prep. + that…
owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…
leave it to sb that…把留给某人去做 take it for granted that …想当然 keep it in mind that…
4. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面，尤其是表示好恶的动词后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句紧跟it之后例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.
5. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面，宾语从句紧跟it之后（except that例外）例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice.
五.相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”例Leave the table as it is.
3. as it were 相当于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说”
例He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.
六．习语
1. catch it 在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚”
2. have it
(1).相当于say, insist表“说，主张，表明，硬说”例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.
(2)get to know something,表示“了解，知道，获悉”例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.
3. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)相当于go on,表示“继续做，不放弃”例My teacher asked me to keep at it.
4. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命干, 莽撞
5. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.)
6. Now you'll catch it! (You'll be punished.)
7. Such as it is(they are) 相当于although it may not be worth much, 表示“虽然没有多大价值”
8. Take it/things easy.
9. Take it from me.在口语中，相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保”
10. For what it is worth…在口语中，相当于although I'm not sure it's of value, 表示“不管其价值如何”例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth.
11. Worth it 例 Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it.
倒装句
一、全部倒装
1.there be 句型： 可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。

如：There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.
2.Here/There/Now＋vi.（常为come,go）＋主语（必须是名词）此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是“喂，注意了”。

如： Here comes Mary. Here comes the bus.
3.then引起谓语为 come，follow的句子。

如： Then followed eight years of the Anti Japanese War.
4.out，in，up,down，away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come， go，run ,rush，etc。

句式为：副词＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。

如：In came the rose fragrance through the windows.
6.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。

要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词
句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（须是名词）。

Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.
二、部分倒装
1.“only＋副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句”开头的句子。

如：
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
注意：１）在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句倒装但从句用正常语序。

２）only修饰主语，不倒装。

Only Tom knows the answer.
2.否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装。

表示否定的副词never，nor，neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until，not only...but also，no sooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely... when。

即“否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他”。

如： Never have I been in this city. Little/Seldom do I watch TV.
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 注意：前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。

4.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。

句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。

如：
Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well.
注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
5.在so...that从句中，如果so＋adj./adv. 放在句首，其主句要倒装。

So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.
6.如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should ，were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。

If it hadn’t been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time. ＝Hadn’t it been for their help，we couldn’t have finished the work on time.
7.频度副词及短语often，always，now and then ，many a time ，every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。

Many a time has he come to comfort me.他来安慰了我好多次。

It用法及倒装句练习
1. Was it during the Second World War_____ he died?
A.that
B.while
C.in which
D.then
2. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A.this
B.that
C.its
D.it
3. It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.
A.when , that
B.until , that
C.until , that
D.when , then
4. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______ to be much better.
A.that
B.this
C.one
D.it
5. It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began. A.while B.which C.that D.since
6. I hate_____when people talk with their mouths full. A.it B.that C.these D.them
7. --- I saw no more than one motorbike in that shop. Will you go and buy ____?
--- No, I’d rather find ______ in other shops.
A. one; one
B. it; it
C. one; it
D. it; one
9. --- You forgot your purse when you went out.
--- Good heavens, ______.
A. so did I
B. so I did
C. I did so
D. I so did
10. It’s the second time ______ he has been out with her alone.
A. that
B. after
C. when
D. who
11. ______, he has much experience in learning English.
A. As is he young
B. Young as he is
C. As young he is
D. Young although he is
12. Not until yesterday afternoon ______ raining.
A. it had stopped
B. had it stopped
C. it stopped
D. did it stop
13. On the river bank ______ where he once lived.
A. stand a house
B. a house stands
C. does a house stand
D. stands a house
14. ______, we would leave for Tianjin.
A. Should not it snow tomorrow
B. It should not snow tomorrow
C. If it did not snow tomorrow
D. If it doesn’t snow tomorrow
15. Such a noise ______ that I couldn’t make myself heard.
A. are there
B. there was
C. was there
D. there ar
16. Out ______ after the door was opened.
A. did the dog run
B. ran the dog
C. the dog ran
D. does the dog run
17. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.
A. had I got, when
B. I had got, than
C. had I got, than
D. did I get, when
18. ____ today, he would get there by Sunday.
A. Would he leave
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave
D. If he leave
19. ____ , I will not buy it.
A. Much as do I like it
B. As much I like it
C. Much as I like it
D. As I like it much
20. So _____ in the darkness that he didn' t dare to move an inch.
A. he was frightened
B. was he frightened
C. frightened he was
D. frightened was he
21. Nowhere else in the world _____ cheaper tailoring（裁缝业, 成衣业）than in Hong Kong.
A. a tourist can find
B. can a tourist find
C. a tourist will find
D. a tourist has found
22.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner。

A. where
B.that
C.when
D.which
23.---Where did you get to know her?
---It was on the farm we worked.
A．that B．there C．which D．where
24.1 have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter ______ I'm talking to.
A. who is it
B. who it is
C. it is who
D. it is whom
25.—He was nearly drowned once. —When was ___ ?
— ____ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
A. that; It
B. this; This
C. this; It
D. that; This
26It was ______back home after the experiment .
A．not until midnight did he go B．until midnight that he didn't go
C．not until midnight that he went D．until midnight when he didn't go
27.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A. where
B.that
C.when
D.which
28.Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away ______.
A. fleeing the thief
B. was fleeing the thief
C. the thief was fleeing
D. fled the thief
29．____ be sent to work there?
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
30.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
31.．Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A did he begin
B had he begun
C he began
D he had begun。