高三英语复习 定语从句讲义

定语从句

考点清单定语从句的基本用法

一．定语从句的基本知识

1．定义：定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词

组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词

或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

2. 定语从句的位置: 定语从句的位置只能放在它所修饰词的后面。

Tom, who is 17, is my classmate.

Tom is my classmate, who is 17.

3．定语从句的结构:

被修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系代词 + 从句

“被修饰的名词/代词”= “先行词”

这儿要强调的是先行词只能是名词或代词

4．定语从句的分类: 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句

见清单 P89 一

二、关系代词的用法

1. 关系代词which, that的用法

which（指物，作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省略，）, that（指人/物，作宾语可省略）所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been se en before appears in the countryside.

农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）

The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.

你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）

注意：定语从句中，只能用关系代词that或只能用关系代词which 的情况：

见清单P90 二、（二）2.

○3当关系代词后面带有插入语时, 只能用which

Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.

○4避免重复

当先行词为that时或一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that，另一个宜用which That which you borrowed is out of date.

I bought some magazines that might help me to kill time and which I could pass on to

others when I finished them.

2. 关系代词who, whom, whose的用法

见清单 P90 二、（一）1，2

指人时，宜用who的情况（4点）

①非限定性定语从句中指人的时候，只能用who

②避免重复。如先行词为that/those时

③ 如果先行词是one, ones, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone,

somebody时,关系代词应该用 who 或whom

④There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用who

There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.

3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

介词后面的关系词不能省略。that前不能有介词。

1）见清单P91，（三），1

2）见清单P91，（三），2

a. The man (to whom you talked just now) will chair the meeting tomorrow.

= The man (whom/who you talked to just now) will chair the meeting tomorrow.

但注意，在固定短语中介词不能提前，比如：care for, call on, put off, listen to, look for, look after等，如果把它们拆开，那么这些短语就失去了原来的含意。

The old man whom I am looking after is better.

b. He told me the tickets are hard to buy, in which case you’d better buy right now.

(which作case的定语)

（He told me the tickets are hard to buy, and you’d better buy right now in that case. ）

c. The books, some of which he has read, are very interesting. 表示整体与部分关系

（The books are very interesting and he has read some of the book.）

d. The students, most of whom have seen the movie, are from our class.

（The students are from our class and most of them have seen the movie.）

e. He spent 2 hours there, during which time he slept.（He spen t 2 hours there and he

slept during that time.）

f. The boss in whose department Mr. King worked had a heart attack.（The boss had a heart

attack. Mr. King worked in his department.）

3）复合介词短语+关系代词which的倒装

P91，（三），3

a. I arrived at a building， in front of which grow many trees.

=I arrived a t a building, and many trees grow in front of it.

b. We visited a hill，at the foot of which lies a temple.

=We visited a hill, and a temple lies at the foot of it.

c. They we nt into the classroom， in the center of which stands a large table.

=They went into the classroom, and a large tabl e stands in the center of it.

4）介词+which/whom +不定式结构

见清单P91，（三），4

He sold his gold watch and got twenty pounds with which to buy his wife a birthday gift.

4. 关系代词as引导的定语从句

见清单P91，（四）

P91，二（一），3