主谓一致 英语语法总结

4.3 geographical names ending in –s
They are generally treated as plural if they refer to a range of archipelagoes, mountains, straits, water falls, etc.
economincs = profits
Please note:
His politics _____ different from mine. (is, are)
The statistics ____ nothing in this case. (prove, proves)
politics = political opinions statistics = numerical data
The pair of scissors ____ very well. (cut, cuts)
These two pairs of pincers ____ cleaning. (need, needs)
4.4.2 nouns usually taking plural endings
These nouns are generally treated as plural.
5.2 collective nouns usually as singular
foliage 叶子总称 machinery 机器总称 equipment 设备 furniture 家具 merchandise 商品
5.3 collective nouns either as plural or as
ending in -s They are generally treated as singular since they refer to one single disease or game.
Please note:
Marbles ____ (be) of different colors and materials.
“mansions” Delaware Mansions is a block of 167 flats opposite the BBC Radio Studios.
The Broadway Mansions (simplified Chinese: 百老汇大厦) is anineteen-floor Art Deco five star hotel, one of the most famous hotels in Shanghai, China.
There ___ two crossroads several miles ahead.
5. problems of concord with collective nouns
5.1 collective nouns usually used as
plural
people, police personnel人员(总称） clergy神职人员 poultry家禽 vermin害虫 cattle牛(总称) militia民兵
All was contrary to her expectation.
The team __________ had their dinner. have Fifty dollars __________ a large sum of money is for such a poor man like me.
3.1 The principle of Grammatical Concord
If the subject is plural, the verb should take the plural form. If the subject is singular or a mass noun, the verb should take the singular form.
When –ics words take the plural meaning, it has a tendency to go with the definite article or a possessive determiner and refer to specific facts, views, etc.
Either he or I am going. No one except the two girls were crying.
One out of five students have passed the exam.
“One of them who were so much after dancing with you yesterday,” she presently suggested. --Thomas Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles
4.4.3 nouns ending in –ings (verb + ings)
They are generally treated as plural.
4.4.4 nouns whose singular number and plural number share the same form which
6
Problems of concord with subject containing coordinate forms
6.1 “and” / “both…and”
6.1 “and” / “both…and”
Bread and milk ____ been my breakfast for years.(have, has) The Stars and Stripes ____ flying from the flagpole.(is, are) Her lawyer and lifelong friend ____ going to betray her. (was, were) All work and no play ____ Jack a dull boy. (make, makes)
The form of the subject: grammatical concord The meaning of the subject: notional concord
The distance between the head and the verb: proximity
Please note that
These nouns are generally treated as plural.
Compare: The scissors ____ made of stainless steel. (is, are) The pincers ____ put in the drawer. (is, are)
If the reference of the subject is singular, the verb takes the singular form.
If the reference of subject is plural, the verb takes the plural form.
It was eleven o'clock before the family were all in bed.
singular
When the noun is used in the sense of a collective as a whole, it is treated as singular. When the noun is used in the sense of individuals that make the collective, it is treated as plural.
the principle of grammatical concord is the basic principle, esp. in written English.
4. Some Pitfalls
problems of concord with nouns ending in –s
4.1 disease and game names
nation
The Philippines needs capital and technology transfer. The Netherlands has been reclaiming farmlands from water.
4.4 other nounswenku.baidu.comending in –s
4.4.1 names for articles made of two parts
Darts ____ (be) thrown to the target.
4.2 subject names ending in –ics
They are generally treated as singular since they refer to one single subject.
“With costs being significantly less than they were several years ago, the economics are pretty good,” says George Kadane, head of the company.
Thirty miles seems like a long walk to me.
3.2 The principle of Notional Concord
The verb can agree with the subject according to the notion of number in spite of the actual form of the subject.
ends in -s They are treated as plural when used in plural sense, treated as singular when used in singular sense.
There ___ a crossroads several miles ahead.
“remains”遗迹，残余物：is/are
The remains of the meal is/are left on the table.
The remains of the ancient city is/are the evidence of its existence and prosperity. His remains were kept in a crystal coffin.
Well, I have heard once or twice that my family has seen better days. It was eleven o'clock before the family were all in bed. --Thomas Hardy: Tess of the D'Urbervilles
What is “subject-verb concord”?
the agreement between subject and predicate verb in terms of number
3. three guiding principles
• Grammatical Concord 语法一致原则 • Notional Concord 意义一致原则 • Principle of Proximity 就近原则
It is futile to discuss the matter further, because neither you nor I am going to agree upon anything today.
3.3 the principle of proximity
the verb agrees with a preceding noun phrase which is closest to it, instead of agreeing with the head of the noun phrase that functions as the subject