极端干旱区8个绿洲防护林地土壤水盐分布特征及其与地下水关系_赵新风

第24卷第3期2010年6月

水土保持学报

Jour nal of Soil and W ater Conserv ation

Vo l.24No.3

Jun.,2010

极端干旱区8个绿洲防护林地土壤水盐分布特征

及其与地下水关系

赵新风1,3,李伯岭4,王炜1,张鹏1,徐海量1,2,3,叶茂5

(1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011; 2.中国科学院阿克苏水平衡试验站,新疆阿拉尔843300;

3.中国科学院绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011;

4.农二师34团林业管理站,库尔勒841507;

5.新疆师范大学地球科学与旅游学院,乌鲁木齐830054)

摘要:通过两年的地下水位资料与8个防护林地土壤水分与盐分分布数据,分析了喀拉米吉镇砂土、壤土与粘土绿

洲防护林地土壤水盐在0-150cm深度的分布特征,结果表明:(1)土壤水分随土壤深度的变化趋势为:砂土林地表

现为随土壤深度的增大土壤贮水量从60cm深处开始呈/波峰0、/波谷0的交替;砂壤土林地土壤贮水量随土壤深度

的增加而增加;粘土林地土壤含水率开始随着深度的增大而增大,至80-120cm以后不再增大,甚至减小。(2)砂

(壤)土林地土壤水分含量低且空间异质性大,粘土林地土壤贮水量高且空间异质性小。粘土林地土壤含盐量高、

砂土林地土壤含盐量低,砂土林地的土壤电导率值在1.5mS/cm以下,粘土林地的土壤电导率值在2.5mS/cm

以下。(3)喀拉米吉镇绿洲的8个防护林地中,土壤含水量高的林地含盐量也高,含水率低的林地含盐量也低。

(4)林地土壤水分布随地下水位的变化趋势表现为:林地内150cm土体贮水量随地下水位的上升大致呈增大的

趋势,林地内的土壤贮水量与地下水位具有较强的负相关关系(R2=-0.81)。林地土壤含盐量随地下水位的变

化趋势表现为:(砂)壤土林地的各层土壤盐度随地下水位的上升而下降,地下水位越浅,土壤盐度越小,地下水位

越深,土壤盐度越大;粘土林地中,毛管力作用强,盐分运移速度快,从而表现出地下水位越浅,土壤盐度越大,特

别是下层土壤(80-100cm,100-120cm,120-150cm)较明显,即土壤盐度随地下水位上升而增大。

关键词:绿洲防护林;土壤盐分;土壤水分;地下水位

中图分类号:S153.5;S152.7;X523文献标识码:A文章编号:1009-2242(2010)03-0075-05

Characteristic of Soil Moisture and Salinity Distribution in Eight Forests and Its Relationship with Groundwater in Exetreme Arid Area ZH AO Xin-feng1,3,LI Ba-i lin4,WANG Wei1,ZH ANG Peng1,XU H a-i liang1,2,3,YE Mao5

(1.X inj iang I nstitute of Ecology and Geogr ap hy,Chinese A cad emy of S ciences,Ur umqi830011;

2.Water Balancing T es t Station of Chinese A cademy of S ciences,A ral,X inj iang843300;

3.K ey Labor ator y of

Oas is Ecology and D esert Env ironment,X inj iang830011;4.Station of For es try M anagement of34Regiment,K or la841507;

5.Gr aduate Univer sity of Chinese A cademy of S ciences,Beij ing100049)

Abstract:By tw o years of g roundw ater data and so il mo isture and salinity o f eig ht forests in Kalamiji o asis, soil mo istur e and salinity o f filt,sandy and clay distributed in0-150cm of eig ht forest w as analyzed,the re-sults show ed that:(1)T he trend o f soil m oisture fo llow ing soil depth w as:/w ave crest0and/troug h0o f soil moisture in sandy for est turn on alternately from60cm;the soil mo isture in filt fo rest increased gradrally fo-l low ing the soil depth in filt forest;in clay forest the soil moisture increased g radrally at the beginning,up to 80-120cm,the soil moisture do not increase any mo re even decrease.(2)T he soil mo istur e w as sm all and the spatial heterog eneity w as larg e in sandy forests,the soil mo isture w as lar ge and the spatial heterogeneity w as small in clay forests.The salinity w as hig her in clay forest than in sandy for ests,w ith EC w ithin2.5 mS/cm and1.5mS/cm respectively.(3)In eight forests of Kalamiji oasis,the soil content w as higher in w hich has higher salinity,and the soil m oistur e w as low er in w hich has the lo wer salinity.(4)T he changing tr end of soil m oistur e and salinity fo llow ing gro undw ater table w as:the soil mo isture increasing gradually

*收稿日期:2009-12-13

基金项目:西部行动计划(KZCX2-XB2-13,KZCX2-XB2-03)

作者简介:赵新风(1981-),女(汉),河北保定人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为恢复生态学。E-m ail:zxinfeng@

通讯作者:徐海量(1971-),男,副研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事干旱区生态环境方面的研究。E-m ail:x uhl@m