弹体自动上下料机构设计

摘要

我这次毕业设计的课题是：弹体自动上下料机构。主要设计自动上下料专用机构。本次设计的自动上下料机构是利用液压系统与机械电气相配合，实现自动工作循环，液压系统设计是否合理直接影响自动线的动作性能，因此，对自动线的液压系统的设计方法和原则加以探讨是必要的。在一个工作求，而且有质的要求。因此，要使自动上下料机构实现所要求的工循环，保证所需的工作性能，方法是多种多样的，所以根据此设计题目的具体情况确定了液压系统的设计方案（见液压系统图）。一个好的上下料装置应达到：

（1）提高装备生产率和工人劳动生产率，显著减轻工人的劳动强度。

（2）工作稳定可靠，运转噪声小，不会损坏工件，使用寿命长。

（3）结构紧凑、简单，最大限度采用标准化零件通用性好，易于制造易于维修，成本低，根据理论验证，上述设计的自动上

下料专用机构基本达到要求。

可编程序控制器使系统具有一定柔性，且改善了系统的稳定性，在机械行业的应用中占有重要位置，也是老设备改造和生产新一代机电一体化产品的重要手段。

PLC的应用范围非常广泛，并正在迅速扩大。而采用PLC进行控制，把传统的继电器，用无触点的电子线路来完成，用软件程序代替了继电器之间的复杂连线，既方便又灵活，又大大的提高了可靠性，使机械手的控制趋于自动化。

自动化早已成为工业生产的主流，在成批大量生产率很高，机动工时很短的情况下，上下料是一项重复而复杂的工作。为了提高生产率，减轻体力劳动，保证安全生产，所以采用自动上下料机械手来代替人类的工作。

可编程控制器 PLC是工业自动化的主导产品。其可靠性极高，使用极方便的巨大优越性，已广为工业技术人员所熟知。在可编程控制器中，充分应用了大规模集成电路技术，微电子技术及通信技术，迅速的从早期的逻辑控制发展到进入位置控制，伺服控制，过程控制的领域。用可编程控制器已经可以构成包括逻辑控制，过程控制，数据采集与控制，图形工作站的综合控制系统。可编程控制器在工厂当中广泛的应用。可编程控制器具有以下的显著特点：（1）可靠性高，适用于工业现场环境。

（2）编程简单，使用方便。

（3）控制程序可变，具有很好的柔性。

（4）直接带负载能力强。

（5）便于实现机电一体化。

（6）通信，网络技术趋于标准化，利于实现计算机网络控制。

总之，PLC技术代表了当前电子元件程序控制的先进水平，PLC与数控技术和工业机器人已经成为机械工业自动化的三大支柱。

关键词：机械手、液压系统、PLC控制

Abstract

The subject of this graduation project of mine is: Bear seat Automatic upper and lower mechanism of materials of the shells. Design the automatic upper and lower materiel special--purpose organization electrically, realize automatic job circulation of transfer machine hydraulic pressure it is rational to influence working performance of to probe speed , the direction , these three parameters ,not only have request for quantity, but also have request for the quality . So should make automatic upper and lower mechanism of materials realize required job Circulation , guaranteeing the working performance needed, the method is varied , so has confirmed the plan of design systematic in hydraulic pressure lees the systematic picture of the hydraulic pressure according to this concrete conditions of designing the question . A good upper and lower material device should reach : 1) Improve and equip productivity and worker’s labor productivity, lighten worker’s labor intensity notably . 2) It is reliable that the work is steady , decrease the noise properly ,will not damage the work piece ,have long performance life . 3) The structure compactness is simple, it is good that the maximum adopts the standardized spare part common ability , easy to make , easy to maintain , with low costs , prove according to theory above —mentioned automatic upper and lower

material special—purpose organization that design reach requiring basically.

Programmable controller makes the system more amiable; it’s an important way of improving the stability of the system, reforming the old equipments and producing the new macaronis productions, which has an important in applying in the mechanical industry.

The appliance of is very extensive , and extend quickly . But the adoption PLC proceeds the control ,get in touch with traditional

after the electric appliances machine, use the electronics circuit that have no ant orders complicated on-line of the electric appliances . Since the convenience is vivid , again and control of

the machine hand tend in the automation..

The automation has become the main cutter of industry production early, in critical product , request to be very high in the rate of production .particularly, the very short circumstance in mobile man-hour is next ,anticipating up and down is a repetition ,but heavy work .Rate of production for increasing , alleviative manual labor ,guarantee the machine hand up and down to inline of human work .circuit technique .Micro-electronics technique and correspondence technique well ,develop into the position control, servo control from the logic of the earlier period control quickly, process control.