高考英语语法名词讲义和练习含答案

十七名词

语法精讲名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。

通常状况下：泛指：a/an + 单数可数名词或零冠词+ 可数名词复数或不可数名词特指：the + 可数名词或不可数名词

名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。

1）名词作定语与所有格，形容词作定语的区别：

比较：heart trouble 心脏病hearty welcome 热忱的欢迎rain drops 雨滴rainy season 雨季

mountain village 山村mountainous region 山区Ⅰ. 名词作定语表示所修饰词的质地，身份，属性或功能。如

a gold ring a shoe maker a man doctor a flower vase

在这种情况下，名词多用做单数。但有些情况例外。

goods train sports meet two men doctors

Ⅱ. 所有格一般表示：①所有关系Mr. Brown’s suitcase

②主谓关系Dr Smith’s answer ③动宾关系the boy’s punishment

④事物的来源Peter’s letter ⑤事物的类别women’s magazines

⑥其他意义 a winter’s day (a day in winter)

2) 名词的格

1. 名词所有格’s常用于表示有生命东西的名词

This is my son-in-law's bike. 这是我女婿的自行车。

如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词后加" 's "。

We visited Xiao Li and Xiao Zhang's room. 我们参观了小李和小张的房间。

但’s所有格也用于下列几类名词。

①表示时间的名词。

today’s people’s daily a moment’s hesitation a good night’s sleep

②表示由人组成的集体的名词。

the delegation’s successful visits the nation’s youngsters

③表示国家，城市等地方的名词

the earth’s surface Peking’s finest parks

名词所有格所修饰的词, 有时可以省略。如前文已经提到, 或者指地点。

The book is not mine, but Li Hua's. 这本书不是我的，是李华的。

I had my hair cut in the barber's. 我在理发店理发了。

2. 表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般与of 构成短语表示前者属于后者。

It's a map of China. 它是一幅中国画。

Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。

3. 双重属格。

a bone of the dog’s 一根狗吃的骨头

a bone of the dog 一根狗骨头

a portrait of Mr. Brown’s 一张由布朗先生画的或收藏的肖像

a portrait of Mr. Brown 一张布朗先生的肖像

3) 物质名词和抽象名词具体化。

一般地说，物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数的，因此没有复数形式，如information, courage, milk, butter 等。但是某些这类名词，有时却以可数名词形式出现，来表示比较具体的东西或者类别。

Mineral oils are much used in industry. 矿物油在工业上很有用。

Lung-ching is a well-known tea 龙井是种好茶

We have achieved great successes in agricultural production too.

They carried on the work in spit of the difficulties.

After many failures, they finally succeeded.

比较：a pleasant surprise 与in surprise with pleasure与it is a pleasure

4）几个的单复数形式比较特殊几个单词：

①thief, wife, life, leaf, shelf, loaf, wolf, half变f 或fe为v加es

而cliff, roof, proof, belief, chief则不变handkerchief, scarf可变可不变

② tomato, potato, hero, 加es. 而词末为两个元音的词如bamboo, radio, zoo和一些外来词如photo, piano, kilo, tobacco 则直接加s

③个别名词单复数形式是一样的。Chinese, Japanese, aircraft , sheep, deer, means等

④有些名词常以复数形式出现。

scissors, trousers, pants, glasses(眼镜), belongings, surroundings, earnings, feelings, sufferings, arms(武装部队), remains（剩余物）, ashes, forces, clothes

语法精练：

1.He gained his _____ by printing _____ of a famous writer.

A. wealth; work

B. wealths; works

C. wealths; work

D. wealth; works

2.You will find this map of great ______.

A. price

B. cost

C. value

D. usefulness

3.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little_______.

A. wait

B. time

C. patience

D. rest

4.Here’s my card. Let’s keep in _____.

A. touch

B. relation

C. connection

D. friendship

5.Everybody believes he will be the winner of the 100-metre _____.

A. match

B. competition

C. contest

D. race

6.The manager has got a good business _____ so the company is doing well.

A. idea

B. sense

C. thought

D. thinking

7.The collapse of the World Trade Centre has put US economy in a difficult _____.

A. occasion

B. case

C. situation

D. background

8.More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great _____ of goods.