医学词汇构词法i. Voc(详细)

What is medical language?
Davi-Ellen Chamber says: Studying medical words is very similar to learning a new language. The words at first sound strange and complicated although they may stand for commonly known English terms. The words gastralgia, meaning “stomach ache”, and ophthalmologist, meaning ‘ e y e d o c t o r ’ , a r e e x a m p l e s . The medical language is fascinatingly logical in that each term, complex or simple, can be broken down into its basic component parts and then undersΒιβλιοθήκη Baiduood.
excessive
-cyte: cell
-scope: instrument fro visually exam
-itis:
inflammation
-ist : person specialized in -logy: process of study
hepat/o : liver
leuk/o :white oste/o : bone
The 2nd category (15%) : hepatitis, appendicitis, encephalopathy, immunodeficiency syndrome The 3rd category (15%) : distill, dilute , dissolve, filtration, magnetization, dynamics, meteorology, pigmentation
• Prefix • Dis/dys• • • • • in• • •
dishonest dysphonia disorder dyspnea disease inexperienced insufficiency inadequate inactivated
•
un-
unconditioned reflex 非条件反射
gastr /o/ enter /o/ logy
Combining form
root root
suffix
Electr /o/ cardi /o/ gram
root root root
combining vowel
心电图
combining vowel
Combining forms
prefixes
• • • • • • • • • • • •
irregularity, irresistable illegal, illiterate immature immobile immodest immorality misbehavior mislead misfortune misstate mismanage
hypo- :deficient
-oma: tumor
-osis: abnormal condition -tomy: cutting
2. To correlate an understanding of word elements with the basic anatomy, physiology, and disease processes of the human body. Such as hemat /o/ logy means the study of the blood.
II. Methodology
3. Observe and summarize the stylistic features 4. Active and energetic learning under the teacher’s guide
1.72 Teaching periods,4/week 2.Eight Units this term III. Course Arrangement 3.Required course and exam 4.Term achievements: based on assignments, quiz, class response, and final exam dynamically
• Reservoir 贮主(zhu) • To protect trachea from collapsing • the uncompromised host 不易受感染的宿 主 • space –occupying lesion 占位性病变
Derivatives
•
Prefix:
• ir• il• im• mis-
III. Compounding
• I. Conversion 词义转 换：由普通词汇转换 成专业词汇； opportunist ; sympathetic block • 交感神经阻滞术, sympathetic nerve , sympathomimetic 拟 交感神经药； • capsule 胶囊药,被膜
• • • • • • •
非抽烟者 非电解质 无应激实验 非溃疡性消化不良 非特异性免疫 无义突变 非自我的
• ex• • • • • • exclusion excretion exhale ex- president ex-wife exclude
The Formation of Medical Vocabulary
•
By Wang Lanying
•
Foreign Language Department
A Course of Learning English for Medical Purposes
I. Target
1.Mastering medical language: vocabulary and discourse level learning 2. Practical application of medical communication: speaking and writing with ML
I. Target
3. Nurture the sense of stylistic research 1. Acquire the knowledge of word formation 2.Understand the medical language traits through reading
Three major objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology. 1. To analyze words structurally. Learn to divide words into basic elements such as roots, suffixes, prefixes, combining vowels, and combining forms.
Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis (45letters)
Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis
超显微的 硅/矽 肺的 火山
粉尘病
It develops only after years of exposure to low levels of silica dust. [医]硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病 Symptoms include hyperventilation, coughing, dysphonia (发声困难), anorexia (厌食), chest pain and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis
Necrosis 坏死 Erythrocytosis 红细胞增多
Mastery of Medical Words
Medical Terminology
• • • •
Systems Organs Tissues Cells
Endocrine syst. Reproductive syst.
Organs Tissues Cells
undifferentiated cell leukemia 未分化细胞白血病
unresolved pneumonia 未吸收肺炎 unsaturated fatty acid 不饱和脂肪酸 unstable angina 不稳定型心绞痛
• nonenonsmoker nonelectrolyte nonstress test nonulcer dyspepsia nonspecific immunity nonsense mutation nonself
Basic elements of medical words
Most medical words are made from a combination of the following elements: the part of the word that we shall call the base (root /stem) because it contains the most fundamental meaning of that word, prefixes and suffixes, and vowels (o/a) that join all these parts.
gastrectomy: removal of the stomach
arthrotomy: incision of a joint leukemia anemia erythremia
Hepatitis
Bronchitis Carcinoma Hematoma hepatoma
Leukocytosis 白细胞增多
Distribution of vocabulary in medical literature
Popular science voc.
15%
Medical terms
15% 70%
Essential voc.
1 2 3
Distribution of vocabulary
The 1st category 70%: comment, investigate, study
suffixes -emia :blood condition
-ectomy: excision -gram: record
cyt/o : cell derm/o :skin bi/o : life aden/o :gland arthr/o : joint nephr/o :kidney
epi- :above multi-: many poly-: many ex- : out endo- :inside trans- : across hyper-:
Medical Terminology
• I. Conversion
opportunist 条件致病菌 physiology/-ist/ -gic • asymptomatic • antivirus radioimmunoelectropho resis 放射免疫电泳
• II. derivative
3. To be continually aware of spelling and pronunciation problems.
Hepatoma:
tumor of the liver 肝细胞瘤
Hematoma:
blood tumor 血肿
The Roles of Pronunciation Oncology Nephrology Neurology Gastroenterology Nephritis anatomy: process of cutting up