(完整版)英语语言学试题A卷

英语语言学试题A卷

I. Define the following linguistic terms: (2%×10=20%)

1) duality(二层性): The property of having two levels of structures, such that the units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.

2) displacement (移位): It means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present at the present of communication.

3) phonology (音系/位学): A subbranch of linguistics that studies the system and patterns of the speech sounds and how they work and convey meaning in the system of language.

4) morphology (形态学): A subbranch of linguistics that is concerned with the internal organization of words.

5) concord (一致关系): The requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories.

6) endocentric construction(向心结构): A construction whose distribution is functionally equivalent or approaching equivalence to one of its constituents.

7) hyponymy (上下义关系): It refers to meaning inclusiveness, that is, the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.

8) pragmatics (语用学): It refers to the study of language in use.

9) illocutionary force (行事语力): It refers to the speaker’s meaning, contextual meaning, or extra meaning.

10) error analysis (错误分析): It is the study and analysis of error and is confined to the language learner. II. Translation (0.5%×20=10%)

Translate the following terms into Chinese: (0.5%×10=5%)

1) affricate 塞擦音2) distinctive feature区别特征3) parole 言语

4) generative grammar生成语法5) bilingualism 双语现象

6) felicity condition 适切/合适条件7) design feature结构/设计特

8) denotation外延/所指9) labiodental唇齿音

10) linguistic relativity语言相对论/语言相对主义

Translate the following terms into English: (0.5%×10=5%)

11) 人际功能 interpersonal function 12) 真值条件 truth condition 13) 女性语域/

言 women register 14) 音节划分syllabification

15) 结构主义structuralism 16)社会语言学 sociolinguistics 17) 论元argument

18) 单元音 monophthong 19) 衔接 cohesion 20) 对比分析contrastive analysis

III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. (1%×20=20%)

1) Language is a system of arbitrary _________ symbols used for human communication.

A. cultural

B. conventional

C. decoded

D. vocal

2) A word with several meanings is called _________.

A. an abnormal word

B. a polysemous word多义词

C. a synonymous word

D. none of the above

3) There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ed” in the word “learned” is known as a(n) __________.

A. derivational morpheme

B. free morpheme

C. inflectional morpheme屈折词素

D. free form

4) The syntactic rules of any language are ________ in number.

A. large

B. small