科技论文具有通常所说的创新性

•科技论文具有通常所说的创新性（innovation)、真实性（reality)、重要性（significance)和可知性（indication)，其目的与功能是传递知识和信息，这使得科技论文与其他文体不同，科技论文的基本语言特质是严谨（rigorous)、准确（accurate）、清晰（clarity)与洗练（concise)不需要华丽的辞藻修饰。

•What is a scientific paper

•A scientific paper is a written and published report describing original research results. In broader sense, it includes review paper, conference report, and meeting abstract

•An acceptable scientific publication

must contain sufficient information to enable peers (potential users of data):

1) to assess observations,

2) to repeat experiments,

3) to evaluate intellectual process •Organization of a scientific paper •Scientific papers have standard format

•Organized to meet the needs of valid publication, with distinctive and clearly evident component parts.

•The most common labeling of the component parts, in the basic sciences, is Introduction, Methods, Results, and

Discussion（hence, the acronym

IMRAD)

•Also has the following elements: Title, Abstract (or sometimes a final summary instead), References and Acknowledgemen t.

•The title

•The title of a scientific paper should tell the reader what kind of work is being reported.

•The length of title

•Titles are too short

“Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis”

such a title was not very helpful to the potential reader.

•Titles are too long

“On the addition to the method of

microscopic research by a new way of producing color-contrast between an object and its background or between definite parts of the object itself”

less meaningful than short ones. It sounds like a poor title, perhaps it would make a good abstract.

•Need for specific title

•“Action of antibiotics on Bacteria”

•Abstract

•An abstract should be viewed as a miniature version of the paper. •Provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: IMRAD •Abstract enables readers to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests and thus to decide whether they need to read the paper in its entirely. •Abstract should not exceed the length

specified by the journal (commonly 250 words)

•The abstract should :

1) state the principal objectives and the scope of the investigation

2) describe the methods employed

3) summarize the results

4) state the principal conclusions

•Introduction •Introduction should supply sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate the results of the present study without needing to refer to previous publications on the topic. •The introduction should also state briefly and clearly your purpose in