英语句子成分讲解 (1)

英语句子成分讲解

一概述：句子成分

概念：组成句子的各个部分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。

主语：表示句子所说的是什么人或神秘物，一般由名词、代词或不定式，V-ing 和从句充当。

谓语：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态，它是句子的核心。

表语：说明主语是说明或怎么样，由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。

宾语:表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

定语：用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。（若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语，常见的4个的顺序为：方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。）

Eg.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday

二详解

1.主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物。

1).名词

例如：A moon cake is a delicious, round cake.

The first truck is carrying a few baskets.

The temperature will stay above zero.

The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.

China does not want to copy the USA’s example.

2).代词

例如：It’s a young forest.

I don’t know if it will grow.

That’s a bit expensive.

You’d better buy a new pair.

I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes.

3).数词

例如：One and two is three.

One is not enough for me. I want one more.

One of them is English.

Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.

Two will be enough.

4).不定式（常以It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现）

例如：To give is better than to receive =Its better to give.

I found it difficult to get to sleep.

It’s glad to see you again.

It was difficult to see.

But it’s good to swim in summer.

5).动名词

Swimming is interesting.

Reading books is good for us.

6).名词化的形容词做主语

The blind need more help.

7).句子作主语

What he has said is true.

8).It作主语，有如下情况：

1)指代刚刚提到的事物：What’s this ? It’s a bus. (指代what)

2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人Who’s knocking the door? It’s me. (指代who)

Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister. (指代who)

3) 表示时间，天气，距离：

What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock. (时间)

What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.(天气)

How far is it? It’s about one kilometer away. (距离)

6.there 引起的There be 句型中，be 作谓语，主语位居其后。如：

There are many different kinds of moon cakes.

There will be a strong wind.

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。一般可分为两类：

1)，简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。

We study for the people.

2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式

I can speak a little English.

谓语有动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如：

I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态)

I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)

It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)

复合谓语也可分为两种情况：

第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：

What does this word mean?

I won’t do it again.

I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.

You’d better catch a bus.