RIP协议

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Network 10.4.0.0 is unreachable
10.1.0.0
E0
10.2.0.0 A
S0 S0
10.3.0.0 B
S1 S0
10.4.0.0 C
E0
X
Update after hold-down Time
Network 10.4.0.0 is down then back up then back down
E Router C Router D
6
默认管理距离 (Default Administrative Distance)
路由选择协议 Routing Protocol 直连的接口 (connected) static EIGRP IGRP OSPF RIP 管理距离 AD 0 1 90 100 110 120
A lower value for the administrative distance indicates the more reliable route
Router B
RIP Administrative Distance=120
IGRP Administrative Distance=100
Routing Table 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 10.2.0.0 10.1.0.0 S0 E0 S0 S0 0 0 1 2
0 1
2
路由器从邻居那里发现到目的的最佳路径 Routers discover the best path to destinations from each neighbor
S0 S0
10.3.0.0 B
S1 S0
10.4.0.0 C
E0
Routing Table 10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0
Routing Table 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 10.1.0.0 S0 S1 S1 S0 0 0 1 1 0 1
Routing Table 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 10.2.0.0 S0 E0 S0 0 0 1
Routing Table
Routing Table
Pass periodic copies of routing table to neighbor routers and accumulate distance vectors
定期拷贝路由表给邻居路由器,并累积向量
11
距离向量—发现路由 (Distance Vector— Discovering Routes)
17
解决方案:路由毒化 Solution: Route Poisoning
10.1.0.0
E0
10.2.0.0 A
S0 S0
10.3.0.0 B
S1 S0
10.4.0.0 C
E0
X
Routing Table
10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 E0 S0 0 0 1 2
15
解决方案:定义最大跳数 (Solution: Defining a Maximum)
10.1.0.0
E0
10.2.0.0 A
S0 S0
10.3.0.0 B
S1 S0
10.4.0.0 C
E0
X
Routing Table
10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 E0 S0 0 0 1 16
路由信息协议 RIP
1
教学目标( Objectives )
1. 动态路由(Dynamic Routing) 2. 距离向量路由协议( Distance Vector Protocol) 3.管理距离和度量值 ( Administrative Distance and Metric) 4. 路由信息协议(RIP)
2. [120/2]
3. [100/35556]
4 5 3 2 1
10
4. [90/1288]
5. [90/19999]
距离向量路由协议 (Distance Vector Routing Protocols)
B C A
Distance—多远 Vector—方向
D
D
C
B
A
Routing Table
Routing Table
5. RIP配置(Configing RIP)
6. 路由环路( Routing Loops )
2
路由器怎样传递数据包 (How routers route packets from source to destination )
1.拆包(remove the data link layer address)
S0
S0
S1
E1
10.2.0.0
10.1.0.0
S0 Infinity 1 S0 S0 2
10.1.0.0
2
毒化反转和水平分割一起使用
Poison Reverse overrides split horizon
19
解决方案:抑制计时器 (Solution: Hold-Down Timers)
Update after hold-down Time
4
动态路由协议分类 (Classes of Dynamic Routing Protocols)
Distance Vector:rip 距离向量
B
C
D
A
Hybrid Routing:eigrp 混合路由
B C D A
Link State:ospf 链路状态
如何衡量路径的好坏呢

5
管理距离(Administrative Distance)
8
用度量值选择最佳路径 (Selecting Best Route with Metrics)
A 56
IGRP
Bandwidth
RIP
Hop count 跳数 T1 56
Delay
Load Reliability
MTU
T1 B
9
Case Study 1
根据管理距离和度量值对路径由好到坏排序:
1. [120/2]
16
解决方案:水平分割 (Solution: Split Horizon)
10.1.0.0
E0
10.2.0.0 A
S0
10.3.0.0 B
S1
10.4.0.0
S0
X
S0
X
C
E0
X
路由信息不能够发回其起源的路由器 It is never useful to send information about a route back in the direction from which the original packet came
Routers set the distance of routes that have gone down to infinity
18
解决方案:毒化反转 (Solution: Poison Reverse)
10.1.0.0
E0
10.2.0.0 A
S0 S0
10.3.0.0 B
S1 S0
10.4.0.0 C
7
度量值( Metric )
度量值越小,路径就越好。 A lower value for the metric indicates the more reliable route 度量因素(factors for metric): 带宽(Bandwidth) 延迟(Delay) 负载(Load) 可靠性(Reliability) 跳数(Hop Count)
T1
• 用跳数做度量值(Hop count metric selects the path) • 路由更新周期30秒(Routes update every 30 seconds) • 最大跳数为15( Maximum HOP Count 15)
路由器从邻居那里发现到目的的最佳路径 Routers discover the best path to destinations from each neighbor
12
距离向量—发现路由 (Distance Vector— Discovering Routes)
10.1.0.0
E0
10.2.0.0 A
Routing Table
10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 S0 S1 0 0 1
Routing Table 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 S0 0
S0
S0
S1
E1
10.2.0.0
10.1.0.0
S0 Infinity 1 S0 S0 2
10.1.0.0
2
路由器马上将down的路由设为不可达(如,16跳)
S0 S0
10.3.0.0 B
S1 S0
10.4.0.0 C
E0
X
当路由表发生变化的时候,路由器发送更新 Router sends updates when a change in its routing table occurs
21
RIP概述(RIP Overview)
19.2 kbps T1 T1
E0
S0 S0
0
路由器从邻居那里发现到目的的最佳路径 Routers discover the best path to destinations from each neighbor
13
距离向量—发现路由 (Distance Vector— Discovering Routes)
10.1.0.0
10.1.0.0
E0
10.2.0.0 A
S0 S0
10.3.0.0 B
S1 S0
10.4.0.0 C
E0
Routing Table
10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 E0 S0 0 0
Routing Table 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 S0 S1 0 0
Routing Table 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 S0 E0 0 0
2.查表(refer to the routing table) 3.打包(encapsulating a new frame) 4.转发(forwarding the packet)
3
动态路由(Dynamic Routing)
适应拓扑结构的变化 Adapting to topology change
管理距离用于衡量其作为路由信息源的可信度。
A measure of the reliability of the route
管理距离越低,路由选择协议的可信度越高。
I need to send a packet to Network E. Both router B and C will get it there. Which route is best? Router A
14
路由环路(Routing Loop )
10.1.0.0
E0
10.2.0.0 A
S0 S0
10.3.0.0 B
S1 S0
10.4.0.0 C
E0
X
到达网络0.4.0.0的数据包在A,B,C之间无限传递 Packets for network 10.4.0.0 bounce between routers A, B, and C
E0
X
Poison Reverse
Routing Table
10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 E0 S0 0 0 1 2
Routing Table
10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 S0 S1 0 0
Possibly Down
Routing Table 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 S0 0
Routing Table
10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 S0 S1 0 0 16
Routing Table 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 S0 S0 S0 S0 0 16 1 2
S0
S0
S1
S0
10.2.0.0
10.1.0.0
10.1.0.0
1
通过定义最大跳数来阻止路由无限循环 Define a limit on the number of hops to prevent infinite loops
20
解决方案:触发更新 (Solution: Triggered Updates)
Network 10.4.0.0 is unreachable
Biblioteka BaiduNetwork 10.4.0.0 is unreachable
Network 10.4.0.0 is unreachable
10.1.0.0
E0
10.2.0.0 A
E0
10.2.0.0 A
S0 S0
10.3.0.0 B
S1 S0
10.4.0.0 C
E0
Routing Table 10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 E0 S0 S0 S0
Routing Table 10.2.0.0 10.3.0.0 10.4.0.0 10.1.0.0 S0 S1 S1 S0 0 0 1 1 0
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