高一年英美文学爱伦坡-乌鸦 Edgar-Allen-Poe-and-The-Raven(1)

only 24.Poe wrote this poem during her illness of TB when he felt she would die someday because TB ,at that time ,was a incurable disease. Professor David Rein considered the beautiful Sarah Elmira Royster ,Poe’s neighbor, was the prototype of the Lenore .They loved each other when Poe was young ,but Sarah’s father opposed them ,so they were pitifully taken apart .And that’s the lost beauty .Maybe it’s the reason why Poe ghastly scared his friends or we can say his wife would leave.
The term “gothic” has also been extended to denote（代表，表现） a type of fiction that a. develops an atmosphere of gloom or terror, b. represents events which are mysterious, horrible, or extremely violent, and c. often deals with abnormal psychological states.
her death in 1847 left him a bitterer life
Introduction
a villain with no virtue
an evil genius
Emerson: "the jingle man" Whitman: “its narrow range and unhealthy, lurid quality” (不丰富的选 材和不健康、可怕的质量)
Important Points
• 1. Poe’s major works. • 2. Poe’s literary characteristics and achievema miserable childhood
entered the University but didn’t finish went to West Point but was dismissed at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin was adopted by John Allan an unhappy relationship died in mysterious circumstances, in 1849
Key points of The Raven



1)It took Poe four years to complete this poem. It was first published in 1845 and revised several times in later editions. 2)Poe cited this poem as an example in “The Philosophy of Composition” to show how a poem should be composed. This poem corresponds to Poe’s basic principles of poetry writing. 3)It is an elegy, expressing the sorrow or grief over somebody’s sudden death.
2) “Annable Lee” 《安娜贝尔· 李》
3) “The Sleeper” 《睡梦人》 4) “A Dream Within a Dream” 《梦中梦》 5) “Sonnet—To Science” 《十四行诗—致科学》 6) “To Helen” 《致海伦》 7) “The City in the Sea” 《海中的城市》earlier entitled The Doomed City 《衰败的城市》
tales
Horror
a collection of short stories
Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque
two kinds « 述异集» “The Black Cat” 《黑猫》
“The Cask of Amontillado” “Ligeia”《莉盖亚》 （红色死亡假面舞会） “The Fall of the House of Usher”
2. horror 3.negative thoughts of science
III. Gothic Novel The Gothic novel, or “Gothic romance” flourished through the early nineteenth century. Authors of such novels set their stories in the medieval period, often in a gloomy castle, and made plentiful use of ghosts, mysterious disappearances, and other sensational and supernatural occurrences; their principal aim was to evoke chilling terror by exploiting mystery, cruelty, and a variety of horrors.
Edgar Allen Poe 坡 (1809—1849)
E.A. Poe (1809—1849)
Poe’s mother
Edgar Allan Poe
A. novelist, poet, critic; B. good at writing
Gothic and detective fiction, father of I. Life western detective C. father of stories; psychoanalytic criticism;
insists on an even(规则的) metrical flow
Poe’s theory for short story

Short story should be of brevity, totality, single effect, compression(压 缩) and finality.
He was understood by critics and other writers in America.
Introduction
Poe enjoyed respect and welcome in Europe His reputation was first made in France Poe's influence was considerable in Spain, Italy, Germany and Russia. Today, his works are read with appreciation and understanding.
a poet，
a short story writer
a great writer of fiction, a poet of the first rank, and a critic of insight
Poe’s Major Literary Works
poems 1) “The Raven” 《乌鸦》




8)The poem is composed of 18 six-line stanzas, the first five lines being trochaic octameter, and the sixth line a trochaic tetrameter. 9)The repetition of the / / sound at the end of different rhymes and the refrain (lines repeated at the end of stanzas or a poem for expressive effect), “nevermore”, suggest mourning and grief. 10)The rhyming scheme of the poem is
Poe’s achievement
1. His aesthetics, his call for "the rhythmical creation of beauty" have influenced French symbolists and the devotees of "art for art's sake." 2. He is the father of psychoanalytic(心理 分析的) criticism. 3. He is the father of the detective story.
Poe’s theory for poetry
poems short but achieve maximum effect produce a feeling of beauty in the reader "pure“, not to moralize He stresses rhythm 真实能够满足人的理智, 感情能够满足人的心灵, 而美则能激动人的灵魂
4)It is not long, 108 lines, readable at one sitting. 5)The poetic theme is the lamentation over the death of a beautiful woman. 6)The general tone of the poem is melancholy. 7)It reads very rhythmical, with different varieties of rhymes.
Introduction
Shaw’s evaluation of Poe's achievement a critic, "the greatest journalistic critic of his time" his poetry is “exquisitely refined“(精致优雅) his tales are "complete works of art"
Literary theory


The Philosophy of Composition 《创作原理》 The Poetic Principle 《诗歌原则》
Themes
1. death – predominant theme
“Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
The analysis of some images in The Raven
The raven and the demon
Edgar Allan Poe
Backgrounds of The Raven Virginia ,Poe’s wife ,died of tuberculosis at
Ratiocination（推理）
“The Murders in the Rue Morgue” 《莫格街谋杀案》 “The Gold Bug”《金甲虫》 “The Purloined Letter”《被窃的信件》
“The Mystery of Marie Roget” 《玛丽罗杰谜案》
works