大豆进口贸易实务
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大豆进口贸易实务(节 选)
基本术语
• • • • • • • FOB = FREE ON BOARD 离岸价 CNF = COST N FREIGHT 到岸价 FLAT 实价 BASIS 基差 CBOT 芝加哥商品期货交易所 DCE 大连商品期货交易所 SPREAD 跨月差
基本合约
• • • • • FOB 合同 CNF 合同 CHARTER PARTY (C/P) 租船合同 INSURANCE 保险合同 LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C) 信用证
FOB 合同
• 北美大豆 NAEGA 2 North American Export Grain Association • 南美大豆 ANEC 41 Association of National Export Cereals
CNF 合同
• FOSFA Federation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Association • GAFTA Grain And Feed Trading Association
• 假设FLAT(实价)为DCE(大连期货), 即CBOT不等于DCE
价格组成--物流背景
美国大豆出口装运港域: PNW (PACIFIC AND WEST 美西)15% US GULF (美国海湾) 80% LAKERS (五大湖地区) 5%
价格组成--FOB
US GULF 美国海湾: 1)FOB St. Louis 2)Barge Freight 3)Cost/Margin 4)Fobbing 圣路易斯离岸价 驳船运费 成本/利润 FOB装运费用
价格组成-背景
美国豆农
CBOT
压榨商
贸易商
FOMULAR 公式
CBOT (芝加哥期货) + CNF (PREMIUM) (升贴水) = FLAT(实价)
PREMIUM / BASIS 价差
大豆价格 芝加哥 人民币/吨 2,500 芝加哥 ? 大连 ?
美湾 大连
黑龙江 北京
2,600 2,500
2,300 2,550
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
PREMIUM / BASIS 价差
大豆价格 人民币/吨 芝加哥 大连
芝加哥
美湾 大连
2,500
2,600 2,500
0
100 0
0
100 0
黑龙江
北京
2,300
2,550
-200
50
-200
50
公式的推论:
• CBOT(芝加哥期货)不等于FLAT(实价)
1+2+3+4= FOB US GULF 美国海湾离岸价
价格组成--CNF
US GULF – N. CHINA 美国海湾至中国北方港 1)FOB US GULF 2)FREIGHT 3)Cost/Margin
美国海湾离岸价
海运费 成本/利润
1+2 +3 = CNF N. CHI源自文库A 中国北方港到岸价
影响价格的因素-品质
合同条款: 1。基本品质 2。扣价条款 3。植检要求 4。化学残留 SPECIFICATIONS ALLOWANCE PHYTOSANITORY CHMICAL RESIDUES
影响价格的因素-品质
基本品质:美国2号黄大豆 US No.2 or better Yellow Soybeans
影响价格的因素-品质
化学残留:
The chemical residues of the soybeans supplied by the sellers should not exceed the regulations stipulated by the AQSIQ, People’s Republic of China and substantiated by qualified independent laboratory at Seller’s choice at loading: • • • • • Arsenic compound shall be a maximum of 1PPM (one part per million calculated according to AS203 content). Mercuric compound shall not be found. Phosphides shall be a maximum 0.05 PPM (0.05 part per million calculated according to the PH3 content) Cyanides shall be a maximum of 5 PPM (5 parts per million calculated according to the HCN content) Malathion shall be a maximum of 3 PPM (3 parts per million) Ethylens Debromide ( EDB ) content shall not exceed 10 PPB (10 parts per billion).
影响价格的因素-品质
植检要求: The soybeans supplied by the Sellers should be free from the following diseases, pests and weeds dangerous to plants in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China: • Arabis mosaic virus. • Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius) • Callosobruchus phaseoli (Gyllenhall) • Cuscuta spp. • Phytophthora megasperma Drechsl f. sp glycinea Kuan & Erwin • Sorghum almum parodi • Sorghum halepense (L.) pers. • Southern bean mosaic virus • Tobacco ringspot virus • Tomato ringspot virus
• • • • • • • • • Moisture Protein Oil Content Test Weight per bushel Foreign material Total Damaged Kernels Heat damaged Kernels Splits Soybeans of other colors 水分 蛋白 含油 容重 杂志 总损 热损 破碎粒 异色粒 13.5% max 34.5% basis, 34.0% min 18.5% basis, 18.0% min 54 pounds min 2.0% max 3.0% max 0.5% max 20.0% max 2.0% max
影响价格的因素-品质
扣价条款:
Basis for protein as per contract is 34.5%. Seller has to deduct penalty for deficiency in protein below 34.5% at 1.0% price for 1% protein down to 34.0% min. Fractions in proportion. Protein above 34.5% is contractual and free to buyer. 按照合同蛋白以34.5%为基准。如果蛋白低于34.5%,最 少为34%,卖方必须按照合同价格1:1抵扣赔付。小数 按比例分摊。蛋白超过34.5%符合合同,毋须收费。
基本术语
• • • • • • • FOB = FREE ON BOARD 离岸价 CNF = COST N FREIGHT 到岸价 FLAT 实价 BASIS 基差 CBOT 芝加哥商品期货交易所 DCE 大连商品期货交易所 SPREAD 跨月差
基本合约
• • • • • FOB 合同 CNF 合同 CHARTER PARTY (C/P) 租船合同 INSURANCE 保险合同 LETTER OF CREDIT (L/C) 信用证
FOB 合同
• 北美大豆 NAEGA 2 North American Export Grain Association • 南美大豆 ANEC 41 Association of National Export Cereals
CNF 合同
• FOSFA Federation of Oils, Seeds and Fats Association • GAFTA Grain And Feed Trading Association
• 假设FLAT(实价)为DCE(大连期货), 即CBOT不等于DCE
价格组成--物流背景
美国大豆出口装运港域: PNW (PACIFIC AND WEST 美西)15% US GULF (美国海湾) 80% LAKERS (五大湖地区) 5%
价格组成--FOB
US GULF 美国海湾: 1)FOB St. Louis 2)Barge Freight 3)Cost/Margin 4)Fobbing 圣路易斯离岸价 驳船运费 成本/利润 FOB装运费用
价格组成-背景
美国豆农
CBOT
压榨商
贸易商
FOMULAR 公式
CBOT (芝加哥期货) + CNF (PREMIUM) (升贴水) = FLAT(实价)
PREMIUM / BASIS 价差
大豆价格 芝加哥 人民币/吨 2,500 芝加哥 ? 大连 ?
美湾 大连
黑龙江 北京
2,600 2,500
2,300 2,550
? ?
? ?
? ?
? ?
PREMIUM / BASIS 价差
大豆价格 人民币/吨 芝加哥 大连
芝加哥
美湾 大连
2,500
2,600 2,500
0
100 0
0
100 0
黑龙江
北京
2,300
2,550
-200
50
-200
50
公式的推论:
• CBOT(芝加哥期货)不等于FLAT(实价)
1+2+3+4= FOB US GULF 美国海湾离岸价
价格组成--CNF
US GULF – N. CHINA 美国海湾至中国北方港 1)FOB US GULF 2)FREIGHT 3)Cost/Margin
美国海湾离岸价
海运费 成本/利润
1+2 +3 = CNF N. CHI源自文库A 中国北方港到岸价
影响价格的因素-品质
合同条款: 1。基本品质 2。扣价条款 3。植检要求 4。化学残留 SPECIFICATIONS ALLOWANCE PHYTOSANITORY CHMICAL RESIDUES
影响价格的因素-品质
基本品质:美国2号黄大豆 US No.2 or better Yellow Soybeans
影响价格的因素-品质
化学残留:
The chemical residues of the soybeans supplied by the sellers should not exceed the regulations stipulated by the AQSIQ, People’s Republic of China and substantiated by qualified independent laboratory at Seller’s choice at loading: • • • • • Arsenic compound shall be a maximum of 1PPM (one part per million calculated according to AS203 content). Mercuric compound shall not be found. Phosphides shall be a maximum 0.05 PPM (0.05 part per million calculated according to the PH3 content) Cyanides shall be a maximum of 5 PPM (5 parts per million calculated according to the HCN content) Malathion shall be a maximum of 3 PPM (3 parts per million) Ethylens Debromide ( EDB ) content shall not exceed 10 PPB (10 parts per billion).
影响价格的因素-品质
植检要求: The soybeans supplied by the Sellers should be free from the following diseases, pests and weeds dangerous to plants in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China: • Arabis mosaic virus. • Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius) • Callosobruchus phaseoli (Gyllenhall) • Cuscuta spp. • Phytophthora megasperma Drechsl f. sp glycinea Kuan & Erwin • Sorghum almum parodi • Sorghum halepense (L.) pers. • Southern bean mosaic virus • Tobacco ringspot virus • Tomato ringspot virus
• • • • • • • • • Moisture Protein Oil Content Test Weight per bushel Foreign material Total Damaged Kernels Heat damaged Kernels Splits Soybeans of other colors 水分 蛋白 含油 容重 杂志 总损 热损 破碎粒 异色粒 13.5% max 34.5% basis, 34.0% min 18.5% basis, 18.0% min 54 pounds min 2.0% max 3.0% max 0.5% max 20.0% max 2.0% max
影响价格的因素-品质
扣价条款:
Basis for protein as per contract is 34.5%. Seller has to deduct penalty for deficiency in protein below 34.5% at 1.0% price for 1% protein down to 34.0% min. Fractions in proportion. Protein above 34.5% is contractual and free to buyer. 按照合同蛋白以34.5%为基准。如果蛋白低于34.5%,最 少为34%,卖方必须按照合同价格1:1抵扣赔付。小数 按比例分摊。蛋白超过34.5%符合合同,毋须收费。