3级英语语法

英语三级考试讲义

语法

动词的时态

一般现在时

1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。

例：He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。

2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。

例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。

3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。

例：I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。

4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作：常用的连词有as soon as，when，till，if。

（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.

A. have finished

B. finish

C. finished

D. was finishing

（答案：B）（1996年22题）

（2）When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force.

A. will heat

B. will be heated

C. is heated

D. has heated

（答案：C）（1992年59题）

一般过去时

1、表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。

例：You've already missed too many classes this term .You _____ two classes just last week.

A. missed

B. would miss

C. had missed

D. have missed

（答案：A。有具体的表示过去的时间状语要用过去时。）（1995年59题）

2、used to do sth：过去常常做…（暗示现在不做了）

例：I used to take a walk in the morning.

我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了。）

3、it is (high) time（that）…句型中，谓语动词用过去时。(这其实是个虚拟语气)

例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking？

A. give up

B. gave up

C. would give up

D. should give up

（答案：B）（1999年31题）

例：It’s high time we _____ something to stop traffic accident.

A. do

B. will do

C. did

D. must do

（答案：C）（1996年43题）

rather＋句子（过去时/过去完成时）（这也是虚拟语气）

例：I’d _____ you didn’t touch that, if you don’t mind.

A. rather

B. better

C. happier

D. further

（答为案：A）（1998年45题）

例：I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.

A. come

B. would come

C. came

D. have come

（答案为C）（2002年46题）

1.1.3一般将来时

（shall）+原形动词：表示将来的动作或状态。

例：He will come and help you. 他会来帮助你的。

going to +动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。

例：Are you going to attend the lecture 你打算去听这个演讲吗？

to +动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。

例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.

三环路将在国庆节前通车。

about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。

例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。

5、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go ,come, start, arrive，leave 等的现在进行时可表示将来。

例：（1）We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。

（2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到达济南。

过去将来时

表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。

例：He wanted to know when the conference would start.

他想知道会议何时开始。

注：在时间或条件状语从句中，将来时要用一般时来表示。

例：If you come here on time tomorrow, I will be very happy.

例：（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.

A. have finished

B. finish

C. finished

D. was finishing