英国文学史诗歌分析
英国著名诗歌
英国著名诗歌介绍英国有着悠久的文学传统，其中诗歌一直是文学的重要组成部分。
英国的著名诗歌作品不仅反映了时代的变迁和社会风貌，还展示了诗人的情感和思想。
本文将介绍一些英国著名的诗歌作品，从不同的角度对这些作品进行深入探讨。
诗歌作品一：《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）作者：威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）概述《哈姆雷特》是英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚的一部著名戏剧作品。
尽管它属于戏剧范畴，但其中的诗歌片段却极具诗意。
这些诗歌片段不仅在戏剧中起到情感抒发和人物形象描绘的作用，也能独立地被欣赏和研究。
特点1.押韵和韵脚：《哈姆雷特》中的诗歌具有完美的押韵和韵脚，使其更加优美动人。
2.表达深刻的思想：莎士比亚通过《哈姆雷特》中的诗歌，探讨了人生的意义、道德的困境以及个体与社会之间的矛盾冲突。
3.表达情感：莎士比亚通过诗歌的形式，表达了人物的情感，使读者和观众更好地理解角色的内心世界。
分析《哈姆雷特》中的诗歌是舞台剧中不可或缺的一部分。
莎士比亚用诗歌来表达人物的情感和思想，使得剧中的对话变得更加生动而有力。
通过阅读和研究这些诗歌，我们可以更深入地理解莎士比亚的创作意图和他对人性的洞察。
同时，这些诗歌也可以独立地被欣赏和享受，因为它们具有优美的文字和丰富的意义。
诗歌作品二：《抒情时期的诗歌》（Lyrical Ballads）作者：威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）概述《抒情时期的诗歌》是威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治共同创作的一部重要诗集。
这个诗集标志着抒情诗歌运动（Romantic Movement）在英国文学史上的重要转折点，也被认为是现代英国诗歌的起源。
特点1.自然主题：《抒情时期的诗歌》展现了诗人们对自然景观和人与自然的关系的独特感悟。
英国诗歌赏析
英国诗歌赏析随着文艺复兴以及罗马教会的发展，英国诗歌种类活跃了。
英国的诗歌以它独特的风格，丰富的内容和强烈的感受性受到了许多读者的喜爱，占据了有影响力的位置。
英国诗歌的艺术可以追溯到古代。
古典时期，诗歌一般用于崇拜神明或歌颂英雄，以及其他有关宗教和历史的话题。
在中世纪，随着宗教改革，英国诗人开始发展更为多样的话题，包括现代的爱情，忧郁，乐观主义等。
英国的先驱诗人如温斯顿，哥伦布，莎士比亚等，他们的诗歌不仅表达了他们的思想，而且在今天的文学历史上仍留有灿烂的芳华。
17世纪是英国诗歌的全盛时期，出现了一批杰出的诗人，如安德鲁撒克逊，拜伦，埃弗拉姆，布莱克等。
它们以更加强烈的感情和深刻的思想，把英国诗歌发展到更高的水平。
安德鲁撒克逊对诗歌的赞美，拜伦的天性诗，埃弗拉姆的感伤等，都是他们诗歌特点的典范。
19世纪，英国诗歌出现了新的变化，新的浪潮。
神游古典神话，以及追求高尚的理想的诗歌也出现了。
这些诗人包括诗人布朗，拉米，斯莱恩等等，他们的作品，以及他们对英国诗歌的富有创造性的批评，对今天的诗歌写作有着深远的影响。
20世纪以来，英国的诗歌受到各种新潮流的影响。
具体而言，现代诗歌写作被认为是一种艺术形式，关注表达自我，讨论社会问题，以及追求更深远的见解。
现代英国诗歌的代表作家有威尔金斯，格雷厄姆，弗罗斯特，马克斯等。
他们的诗歌以其独特的艺术形式渗透了现代人的思想和情感，成为现实生活中的反映。
英国诗歌的演变是一个历史的过程，其不断发展的变化和不断增强的影响力，让它成为中外文学史上有重要地位和价值的文学作品。
从古代到现代，从宗教到现实，英国诗歌让我们感受到童真的梦想，令人难忘的感动，以及理想与现实中的平衡，从而让英国诗歌受到了无数赞美和欢迎。
莎士比亚十四行诗释疑——第50首欣赏
莎士比亚十四行诗释疑——第50首欣赏莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）是英国文学史上最伟大的诗人之一，他的十四行诗以其精湛的艺术手法和深刻的思想内涵而闻名于世。
其中第50首是莎士比亚十四行诗中的经典之作，本文将从多个角度对这首诗进行深入解读和欣赏。
一、诗歌背景1.1 莎士比亚十四行诗的特点莎士比亚十四行诗是一种古典诗体，通常分为三个四行节和一个两行节，其韵律优美，用词精准，思想深刻，富有哲理。
1.2 第50首的创作背景第50首是莎士比亚的十四行诗中的一首，反映了作者对于爱情、欲望和内心挣扎的思考。
二、诗歌解读2.1 题材内容本诗是一首表达爱情的诗歌，主题包括欲望、对爱情的渴望和内心的挣扎。
2.2 诗歌结构本诗采用了典型的十四行诗结构，由三个四行节和一个两行节组成，采用押韵的形式。
2.3 语言特点莎士比亚的十四行诗以其精湛的语言表达而著称，本诗中运用了丰富的比喻和修辞手法，如比拟、排比等，增强了诗歌的艺术感染力。
2.4 思想内涵作者通过本诗表达了对爱情的渴望和欲望的挣扎，同时也反映了对于人性和命运的深刻思考。
三、诗歌欣赏3.1 诗歌语言美感本诗语言简练、优美，运用了丰富的修辞手法，表达了作者内心的矛盾和挣扎，给人以深刻的思考和感悟。
3.2 诗歌情感共鸣作者通过本诗表达了对于爱情和欲望的渴望和挣扎，这种内心情感与读者产生共鸣，使人不禁陷入沉思。
3.3 诗歌主题启迪本诗所反映的对于爱情和欲望的深刻思考，启示人们要珍惜眼前所拥有的，不要一味追求外在的欲望，而忽略了内心的真实需要。
3.4 诗歌艺术价值本诗通过其精湛的语言表达和深刻的思想内涵，展现了莎士比亚崇高的诗歌艺术价值，是一首不可多得的文学珍品。
四、结语莎士比亚的十四行诗以其丰富的内涵和优美的艺术表达，为后人留下了宝贵的文学遗产。
第50首是其中的经典之作，通过对这首诗的深入解读和欣赏，我们不仅能了解莎士比亚的诗歌艺术风采，也能从中汲取深刻的人生哲理。
英国文学诗歌赏析格式
英国文学诗歌赏析格式可以遵循以下步骤：
1.了解背景：首先了解诗歌的创作背景，包括诗人的生平和时代背景，以及诗歌的创作时间和背景。
这些信息有助于理解诗歌的主题和情感。
2.细读诗歌：仔细阅读诗歌，注意诗歌的韵律、节奏和语言特点。
分析诗歌中的意象、象征和修辞手法，这些都是诗人表达情感和主题的重要手段。
3.确定主题和情感：概括诗歌的主题和情感，分析诗人如何通过意象、象征和修辞手法来表达这些主题和情感。
4.比较分析：将这首诗歌与其他诗人或诗派的诗歌进行比较，分析它们在主题、风格和技巧方面的异同。
5.总结评价：对诗歌进行总结评价，包括对诗人的技巧和风格的评价，以及对诗歌主题和情感的评价。
同时也可以提出自己的见解和感受。
在撰写英国文学诗歌赏析时，需要注意行文流畅、逻辑清晰，避免出现语法和拼写错误。
同时，也需要引用可靠的资料来源，避免出现学术不端行为。
英国诗歌鉴赏
英国诗歌鉴赏英国诗歌作为世界文学的重要组成部分，以其深厚的文化底蕴和丰富的艺术表现力，为世界文化宝库增添了无数的瑰宝。
从古老的史诗到现代的自由诗，英国诗歌无不彰显着其独特的魅力和无限的艺术可能。
英国诗歌的魅力首先体现在其语言之美。
英国诗人善于运用语言的韵律、节奏和音韵，创造出优美的诗歌语言。
如莎士比亚的十四行诗，其独特的韵脚和节奏使得诗歌既有节奏感又有旋律感，给人以极大的美的享受。
在诗歌的主题方面，英国诗歌同样丰富多样。
无论是描绘自然风光的田园诗，还是表现人性复杂面貌的心理诗，英国诗人都能用独特的笔触展现出不同的情感和思考。
如华兹华斯的《我孤独地漫游，像一朵云》，以细腻的笔触描绘了自然的美丽与和谐，给人以心灵的慰藉。
此外，英国诗歌还善于运用象征、隐喻等修辞手法，赋予诗歌更深层次的内涵和寓意。
这些修辞手法不仅丰富了诗歌的艺术表现力，也使得诗歌更具深度和广度。
如T∙S∙艾略特的《荒原》中，通过象征和隐喻等手法，深刻揭示了现代社会的荒芜和人们的精神困境。
在英国诗歌的发展历程中，涌现出了许多杰出的诗人和作品。
从古老的史诗《贝奥武甫》到乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》，再到现代诗人如艾略特、休斯等人的作品，英国诗歌始终保持着旺盛的生命力和创造力。
这些诗人和作品不仅为英国诗歌史留下了宝贵的遗产，也为世界文学的发展做出了巨大的贡献。
英国诗歌的价值不仅在于其艺术成就，更在于其对社会和人类的深刻思考。
诗人们通过诗歌表达了对自然、人性、社会等问题的独到见解和思考，使得诗歌成为了人类智慧的重要载体。
这些思考和见解不仅为我们提供了认识世界和自身的新的视角和思路，也为我们提供了面对困境和挑战的勇气和力量。
总之，英国诗歌作为世界文学的瑰宝，以其深厚的文化底蕴、丰富的艺术表现力和深刻的社会思考，为我们展现了人类智慧的无穷魅力。
在未来的发展中，我们应该继续传承和发扬英国诗歌的优良传统，让其在新的时代背景下焕发出更加璀璨的光芒。
同时，我们也应该积极学习和借鉴英国诗歌的艺术手法和思考方式，不断提高自身的文化素养和审美能力，为推动人类文化的进步和发展贡献自己的力量。
英国文学期末考试-诗歌鉴赏分析部分
英国⽂学期末考试-诗歌鉴赏分析部分莎⼠⽐亚1.Sonnet 18(B1,P118)（theme：It talks about the poet’s faith in the permanence of poetry.The message is that in this world no beauty (in Nature) can stay except poetry or art; and your beauty can only last if I write it down in my poetry. Transiency of time is also the themes of Sonnet 18. Content: On the surface, the poem is a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet. To him, her beauty must be like the eternal summer, but he does not want it to fade with time. Thus the best way to preserve her beauty is to keep it in this poem. The final couplet explains that the beloved’s ―eternal summer‖ will continue as long as there are people alive to read this sonnet. Comments: Actually, the writer wanted to express his view that art can keep the beauty forever. Art not only can make people enjoy the beauty by reading it, but also be a beauty itself. Natural beauty would be knocked out with the passing of the time. Only the art brings the eternity. For the speaker, love transcends nature. The poet’s love is so powerful that even death is unable to curtail(减少) it. The speaker’s love lives on for future generations to admire through the power of the written word-through the sonnet itself.Figures of Speech:Rhetorical questioning: the 1st line, to used to create a tone of respect, and to engage the audience;Metaphor: Shakespeare opens the poem with a metaphor, comparing the woman he loves to all of the best characteristics of a summer's day and she is far more beautiful and even tempered than the most desirable summer weather; Personification:It is worth mentioning Shakespeare's use of personification here. He gives the sun an eye, a human attribute, and in the next line, a complexion.Parallelism:The final couplet, used to emphasize the message: the beauty of the subject will be immortalized by the power of his art.）2.Sonnet 29(B1,P119)(theme: The theme of Sonnet 29 is to show the importance of love which can overpower the feelings of self-hate. Content: it starts with the speaker talking about how much he dislikes his life. The speaker sites many examples of why this is how he feels. Then the speaker talks about how he by change thinks about his love and it lifts his spirits. The whole poem expresses the changes of the author's inner feelings,which are from disappoint to hopeful,from negative to positive ,from desperate to affectionate ,from self-abased to confident.Figures of Speech:Metaphors: It were used in lines 10-12. In these lines, he compares his love to the lark who sings songs to the heavens. Shakespeare uses this metaphor because he wants to show the reader how happy the thought of his true love makes him feel. Symbolizes: In the first three lines, he symbolizes that he is jealous of everything in society. He uses symbolism here because he wants the reader to know that the speaker feels like an outcast compared to the rest of society.symbolism In the eleventh line, the symbolism is that the speaker is describing his lover as a lark. He uses this symbolism because he is portraying that his lover is as lovely as a songbird singing to the heavens.Personification: It can be found in line 3. Shakespeare is giving Heaven human like characteristics, such as the ability to hear. He includes this in his sonnet because this adds to the lonesomeness the speaker is feeling, since even God will not answer his wishes.Repetition:―like him‖ and ―mans‖ in lines 6 and 7, This emphasizes that he wants to me like the other men other than remaining like himselfAlliteration(头韵): ―think, thee, then‖ in line 11Rhyme:follows pattern: abab cdcd ebeb ff, ex. ―state, fate, gate‖ and ―brings, kings‖ The use of rhyme is very common in sonnets.)弥尔顿3.On His Blindness(B1，P148）(Theme: Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best so can endure the suffering best. This sonnet is written as a result of Milton’s grief, as he lost his eye sight at his middle age.Content:Lines 1-8: Milton gets rather impatient at the thought of his blindness in the middle age. Blindness prevents him from using his poetic talent by writing something great to glorify God. In an impatient mood Milton doubts if God would be just in demanding work from a blind man like him.Lines 8-14: Milton’s attitude of doubt passes off in a moment. His inner conscience rises up with its faith in God’s justice. He realizes that God does not need man’s work by way of service to him; nor does he care whether man uses His gifts. He has a lot of angels working for him. So, patient submission to His will is the best service to Him.Figures of Speech:Alliteration: my days in this dark world and wide (line 2)Metaphor: though my soul more bent / To serve therewith my Maker (lines 3-4). The author compares his soul to his mind. Personification/Metaphor: But Patience, to prevent / That murmur, soon replies . . . (lines 8-9).Paradox: They also serve who only stand and wait.Rhyme: This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. )多恩4.Song(B1, P134)（Theme：Negative view about love. Content: The whole poem focus on the argument of whether beautiful women will be loyalty to love. In the first stanza, he use 6 impossible things to clarify his view that such women who both beautiful and loyalty do not exist in the world. In the second stanza, he describes the journey of a man who was born to strange sights and sware that there were no women true, and fair. In the last stanza, he agreed that it would be sweet if there were women true, and fair, but he won’t change his belief that there exist no women who are both true and fair. Figures of Speech: 第⼀节中⽤了imperative sentence祈使句，像在对话；metaphor将找到美丽⽽忠贞的⼥⼦⽐作第⼀节中的做那些离奇怪诞的事）5.Valediction: Forbidding Mourning: (B1,P135)（Theme:farewell and love. Content:In the first two stanzas the departure of the lovers is compared with the death of virtuous men. Then, he clarify that their love is high to the soul and the body departure cannot influence them any more. Their two souls are united into one like the gold that has excellent ductility. If souls are still two, then they will just like the compasses, separated but never really divided. At last, he asked his wife to take care of the family so that he can complete his missions without worries, just like the moving compass complete a full circle with the help of the fixed point.Figures of Speech:comparison⾼尚男⼈的死和他们的分离；Metaphor(Conceit):The two lovers are likened to the two points of a compass. The idea of the wife staying and minding the house while the husband goes away is old-fashioned now, but we can still comprehend it.Pun: Take the lines Thy firmness makes my circle just,/ And makes me end, where I begun.. Here the compass is doing two different things, and both have significance. "End where I begun" implies the finish of a circle as drawn by a compass; only through his wife's stability in the centre, Donne argues, can his circle be drawn correctly. However it also implies the closing of the compass - and Donne coming home to be with his wife.Symbolism: symbolism of gold is very important, as it is also the most precious and noble of all the metals. It is also the least reactive of all metals, which ties in with Donne's placing of the lovers above the emotional layer and makes their love difficult to destroy.Comments:Donne's basic argument was that most people's relationships are built on purely sensual things - if they are not together at all times, the relationship breaks down. I agree with him, because a real love should have no restrictions of distance or time, so long as lovers’ hearts and souls are bound to each other, there will be no reason for them to worry abouta temporary separation.）布莱德6.Songs of Innocence-The Chimney Sweeper(Theme: This poem protest the living working and conditions, and the overall treatment of youngchimney sweepers in the cities of England; also it expresses sympathy for these young chimney sweepers. Content:The first stanza tells the narrator's life story: abandoned by parents, working in thedark chimney and sleeping in dark, dirty soot. Probably it's the reflection of all the little chimney sweepers' life story. In the thir d line, the cry "'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!" is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! Sweep!", which was the c himney sweeper's street cry.The poem goes on to talk about Tom Dacre, one of the narrator's fellows in the second and third stanzas. The second stanza intr oduces Tom Dacre, who acts as a foil to the speaker. Tom is upset about his lot in life, then the narrator comforts little Tom, sha ving his curl white hair and getting bare, so that he needn't worry that his hair would get spoiled until Tom falls asleep. Here To m's family name "Dacre" is a homophone for the word "dark". In next three stanzas, the poem describes Tom's dream. He drea ms of an angel opening the coffins and freeing the sweepers. It shows the freeing of Tom and other sweeps from the oppressive lifestyle.When the angel tells Tom that ―if he’d be a good boy, He’d have God for his father and never want joy‖, he gives Tom hope that if he is good and does his job, God will be his father and bless him in the next life. Figures of Speech:symbolism,irony)7.Songs of Experience-The Chimney Sweeper(B1，P289)(Theme: This poem protest the living working and conditions, and the overall treatment of youngchimney sweepers in the cities of England; also it expresses sympathy for these young chimney sweepers.Content: In the first two lines, Blake gives us an image of an anguished child in a state of agony. In the second stanza, the child is pictured in a very more happier and playful mood. This soon changes when he decides to tell the stranger more about his parents. They are showed to be punishing their child for being so happy by "clothing in clothes of death and teaching him to sing notes of woe." It is very obvious the sweeper’s feels hate towards his parents for putting him in such sadness, but inst ead he chooses to hide it by making himself look happy and satisfied.It is clear in the last Stanza that Blake’s criticizing the Church, especially, and the state for letting a lot of these things happen. During this time many children were dying from being, either, worked to death or from malnutrition. Neither the state or the church did any thing to stop this and is obviously why Blake feels so much anger towards them. The sweeper’s parents are really no help towards their own child. This makes the reader wonder, if they are worshiping god, the source of good doings, why do they chose to ignore their own child. They would rather turn their heads the other way and instead find love at church. Figures of speech:partial tone:T he cry "'weep! 'weep! " is actually the child's attempt at saying "Sweep! Sweep! ‖,whichwas the chimney sweeper's direct cry. The use of the partial tone creates an ironic effect. It makes readers feel that the chimney children are weeping for their living and working conditions.symbolism,Contrast:In the first two lines, t he color black seems to be very important because it is used to represent sin against innocence, the color of the white snow.)8.Holy Thursday --From Songs of Innocence'(Theme: portrays unfortunate children as blessings to society and shows their gratitude towards God for all that he has done. Figures of speech: simile, metaphor, symbolismBlake tries to express an optimistic and hopeful image of innocent children singing to Christ onthe day of ascension. The poem’s rhythm is playful and childish and effectively carries out Blake’s image.In the first four lines, colorful children are marching into St Paul’s cathedral for the celebration of the ascension of Christ. From the footnote, one learns that these children are from the charity s chools in London, meaning that they are very poor and probably don’t have a family. Despite their hardships, the children are still described in a joyful, harmonic wayWith an ABAB rhyming pattern, the poem starts with a bouncing, nursery rhyme quality. The children’s problems are not an iss ue; they are still cute, innocent, and alive, like a river. The beadles that must keep the kids in order are portrayed as old and lifel ess men who have lost their childhood innocence. Even though these children are poor and homeless, they are showing hopeful ness and optimism when they go to sing the Lord’s praisesIn the next stanza, the children are again portrayed as sweet and innocent, and there is no mention of the hardships they must fa ce every other day in their life. There are a few different images that Blake gives the reader to express his idea that children are pure and free–flowing characters:Here, the children are a beautiful and vital part of the London society. They are ―flowers‖ that give pleasure to all men and wom en. Blake fails to mention that these children are a blight and burden to mankind. They are victims of a cruel and harsh world, a nd as a result, they reflect images of misery and poverty. However, in this stanza, the children are innocent lambs who have a ―r adiance all their own.‖ They are beautiful flowers and are pleasing to the entire world.In the final stanza, the children are singing to the heavens with songs of joy. They are singing the praises of the Lord to heaven on this glorious day.Here, the children are powerful and mighty and are capable of communicating with the heavens above. They believe that God tr uly loves them in spite of the fact that they are really the wretched of the earth. Even though they are penniless and homeless, the children raise their hands and sing their praise and thanks to Jesus.)9.Holy Thursday---From Songs of Experience(Theme: the condemn for the church or the god; sympathy for the poor childrenFigures of speech: contrast, irony, metaphorThis poem is negative and pessimistic and it questions the nature or existence of a God. The children are rejected and abused by society and they are exactly the opposite of the children in the first poem.This procession into the cathedral has religious intentions, but the speaker wonders how holy it is to have so many pitiful and m iserable children in a world that is so rich and prosperous. It doesn’t seem possible to him that these children are singing to the Lord out of pure happiness and thanksgivingThe speaker finds it hard to believe that these children are actually singing out praises of the Lord. He sees them so unhappy an d so poor, and yet they are thanking Jesus for all that he has done for them. The series of questions by the speaker in this stanza implies a tone of disbelief and amazement that heightens throughout the poem.In the last two stanzas, the speaker offers an explanation as to why these children are so poor and pitiful.The speaker believes that the life of the children is always dark, bleak, and bare. It will always be difficult, cold, and barren. He believes that the children are poor because they never have any sunshine or any rain. In other words, these kids don’t have the wonderful and plentiful eye of the Lord upon them. Blake believes that man could not decline into such a pitiful state if God is constantly watching over him. Throughout the ceremony, the children are praising God and all of His works. This prai se now seems very ironic since these children are not under the watchful eye of the Lord)10.The Lamb" --From Songs of Innocence(Theme: the origin of human, blessing for the human and GodContent: The poem begins with the question, ―Little Lamb, who made thee?‖ The speaker, a child, asks the lamb about its origins: how it came into being, how it acquired its particular manner of feeding, its ―clothing‖ of wool, its ―tender voice.‖ In the next stanza, the speaker attempts a riddling answer to his own question: the lamb was made by one who ―calls himself a Lamb,‖ one who resembles in his gentleness both the child and the lamb. The poem ends with the child be stowing a blessing on the lamb.Figures of speech:repetition:Repetition in the first and last couplet of each stanza makes these lines into a refrain, and helps to give the poem its song-like quality.rhetoric questionsSymbolism:The lamb symbolizes Jesus and the image of the child is also associated with Jesus.Comment:The poem is a child’s song, in the form of a question and answer. The first stanza is rural and descriptive, while the second focuses on abstract spiritual matters and contains explanatio n and analogy. The child’s question is both naive and profound. The question (―who made thee?‖) is a simple one, and yet the child is also tapping into the deep and timeless questions that all human beings have, about their own origins and the nature of cr eation. The poem’s apostrophic form contributes to the effect of naivety, since the situation of a child talking to an animal is a believable one, and not simply a literary contrivance. Yet by answering his own question, the child converts it into a rhetorical one, thus counteracting the initial spontaneous sense of the poem. The answer is presented as a puzzle or riddle, and even though it is an easy one—child’s play—this also contributes to an underlying sense of ironic knowingness or artifice in the poem. The child’s answer, however, reveals his confidence in his simple Christian faith and his innocent acceptance of its teachings.)11.The Tiger(B1,P288)(Theme:humans are incapable of fully understanding the mind of God and the mystery of his handiwork.But considering the social background of this poem, It could destroy the old system and establish a new one.Content:This poem begins with the author presents a series of questions that embodies the central problem: Who created the tiger? Or w as it Satan? Blake presents his question in Lines 3 and 4: What immortal hand or eye/ Could frame thy fearful symmetry? However, to express his bewilderment that the God who created the gentle lamb also created the terrifying tiger, he includes Satan as a possible creator while raising his rhetorical questions, the one he asks in Lines 5 and 6: In what distant deeps orskies/Burnt th e fire of thy eyes?Figures of speech:Symbolism:The tiger is symbolic of the revolutionary forces:the French people in the French Revolution to which Blake was a s upporter and it can also symbolizes evil, or the incarnation of evil.And that the lamb represents goodness, or Christ. Metaphor&alliteration:In Lines 3 and 4the author uses alliteration and metaphor to make comparison the tiger and his eyes to fi re.Symbol&Allusion:In Lines 5 and 6: In what distant deeps or skies/Burnt the fire of thy eyes? In these sentences, “Deeps” ap pears to refer to hell and “skies” refer to heaven which is the expression of symbol and Allusion.Comments:It is said that human souls have two sides: a good side, and an evil side."The Lamb" and "The Tyger," by William B lake, are both poems of deep meaning. They seem to explain both sides of human nature: the light and the dark, the yin and the yang, the good and the evil. They can also represent the transition from a child to an adult or even Heaven and Hell. "The Lamb " is a poem that is referring to the good side of the human soul, while "The Tyger" is referring to the dark side. The lamb brings to mind innocence,purity,children,or Jesus; the tiger brings to mind viciousness, cunning, danger, or death. )彭斯12.John Anderson my jo, John(B1, P294)（theme: love. Content:It’s a simple but warm poem about the commonplace feeling of a ordinary couple. The old wife recalls their encounter at their young ages and compare her husband’s young appearance with that of now. They has gone through so many years, and she blesses her husband and wishes joint happiness until their death.Figures of Speech:Metaphor/contrast: In line3 and line6, John’s locks are said to be as black as the raven when young but as white as snow now. The metaphor is so properly used, while the contrast between John’s young and aged years is also very vivid in delivering the massage of their peaceful and lasting marriage.Rhyme:Comments: This poem is very simple, but it remind me of a Chinese saying, ― I’ll take your hand and grow old with you.‖The love I dreamed of is just like this, more stability and less impulsion.）华兹华斯13.The Solitary Reaper(B2，P22)（theme：T he poet is fascinated with a Scottish peasant girl’s beautiful song.Content: Stanza 1: The poet heard a Scottish girl singing while reaping in the wheat field.Stanza 2: The poet is surprised to hear such a beautiful song in so remote aplace.Stanza 3: The poet doesn’t understand her song but knows it is about something sad. Stanza 4: The poet was so moved by her song that he could never forget it.Figures of Speech:Contrast:反衬⽤夜莺和杜鹃反衬少⼥歌声的优美Metaphor/synaesthesia：暗喻、通感声⾳在作者眼中变为有形的事物Vocative：呼语BEHOLD HER /O LISTEN，像在与⼈对话，拉近读者和说话者的距离Repetition：反复同源词反复Analogy：少⼥的歌声与夜莺和杜鹃的歌唱诗⼈与旅⼈及赫布⾥群岛Symbolism: 象征MOUNT UP THE HILL象征着⼈⽣的旅途Rhyme：iniambic tetrameter with the rhyme of ababccdd (except lines 1 & 3 In stanzas 1 and 4）Comments:⽣活中有时停下匆匆的脚步可能会有惊喜。
《莎士比亚十四行诗集》的诗歌艺术解析
莎士比亚十四行诗集的诗歌艺术解析1. 介绍莎士比亚十四行诗集莎士比亚十四行诗集是英国文学史上最重要的作品之一，由著名戏剧家威廉·莎士比亚创作。
该诗集包括154首十四行诗，被广泛认为是英语文学中最重要、最精彩的爱情诗篇之一，展现了莎士比亚卓越的才华和丰富多彩的情感表达。
2. 十四行诗结构与形式莎士比亚十四行诗采用了意大利、斯宾塞形式，并加以创新发展。
每首诗分为三个四行节（即四联），接着是一个两行节（即双关），最后以一个带押韵回响的两行节作结束（即尾韵）。
这种结构使得每首十四行诗有着简明而扣人心弦的韵律和格调。
3. 主题与表现手法莎士比亚在这些十四行诗中探讨了各种主题，包括爱情、美丽、时间、生命和人性等。
他通过精妙的比喻、修辞手法和诗意的表达，将情感与思考融合在一起，呈现出深刻而真实的人性描写。
•爱情：莎士比亚以细腻而复杂的方式描绘了各种形式的爱情，包括恋人之间的甜蜜和痛苦、变幻无常的爱情与时光之间的斗争等。
•美丽：莎士比亚通过对自然界和人类身体特征的意象描绘，赞美了美丽是如何能够迷惑和诱惑我们，并探讨了外貌与内在价值之间的关系。
•时间：时间在十四行诗中被描绘为无情而不可逆转的力量，使得人们陷入追忆和遗憾。
但同时，时间也给予了爱情以更深厚的意义，因为只有经受住时间考验的爱情才能真正持久。
•生命：莎士比亚通过对死亡与生命短暂性的思考，提醒人们珍惜当下并积极面对生活的困难和挑战。
4. 莎士比亚的独特艺术风格莎士比亚通过丰富多样的修辞手法和诗意的表达，塑造了独一无二的诗歌艺术风格。
他巧妙地运用了隐喻、对比、象征等手法，使得诗歌更具有张力和感染力。
同时，他善于使用音乐性的语言节奏、押韵和重复，增强了诗歌的韵律美和艺术感。
结论莎士比亚十四行诗集是一部经典之作，在文学史上具有不容忽视的地位。
其卓越的诗歌结构、深刻的主题探讨以及独特而精致的艺术表达方式使其成为英语文学中突出的代表之一。
阅读这些十四行诗既可以帮助我们理解莎士比亚内心深处的情感世界，也能够启发我们对生命、爱情和时间等普遍主题进行思考与反思。
英国文学复习提纲加诗歌赏析方法
英国⽂学复习提纲加诗歌赏析⽅法I. PART ONE. EARLY&MEDIEV AL1. Beowulf: the national epic史诗of the Anglo-SaxonsBeowulf against: monster Grendel, she-monster and a fire dragonArtistic features: Using alliteration（头韵）Using metaphor（⽐喻）and understatement（陈述）2. The Class Nature of the Romance: They were composed for the noble, of the noble, and in most cases by the poets patronized by the noble.3. Geoffery Chaucer: The father of English poetry/ the founder of English poetry The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集：英国⽂史上现实主义第⼀部杰作fir st time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle EnglishII. The Renaissance Period1. The Renaissance & Humanism: R: 2 features: a curiosity for classical literature (Greek & Latin)→dissatisfaction at Catholic & feudal ideas/ activities of humanit y→new feeling of admiration for human beauty & achievementH: the key-note of R, new outlook of the rising bourgeois class2. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯?培根: Essays随笔(famous quotas: Of studies)3.Drama: the miracle P奇迹剧(Bible story); the morality P道德剧(abstract characters/conflict of good&evil with allegorical personages); the interlude幕间喜剧(short/interesting); the classical drama(+Greek&Latin/rules&structure&style/5 acts);4. Shakespeare:Four Comedies: As You Like It皆⼤欢喜; Twelfth Night; A Midsummer Night’s Dream; Merchant Of Venice威尼斯商⼈Four Tragedies: Hamlet; Othello奥赛罗; King Lear李尔王; Macbeth麦克⽩154 Sonnet: Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic抑扬格pentameter 五步格诗restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. III. REVOLUTION1. John Milton约翰?弥尔顿①Epic: Paradise Lost 失乐园: it is a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse. The stories were taken from the Old Testament: the creation; the rebellion in Heaven of Satan & his fellow-angels; their defeat & expulsion from Heaven; the creation of the earth & of Adam & Eve; the fallen angels in hell plotting against God; Satan’s temptation of Eve; & the departure of Adam & Eve from Eden.②Paradise Regained 复乐园2. John Bunyan约翰?班扬The P ilgrim’s Progress天路历程: religious allegory宗教寓⾔; the spiritual pilgrimage of Christian, who flies from the City of Destruction, meets the perils and temptation of the Slough of Despond, Vanity Fair, and Doubting Castle, faces and overcomes the demon Appollyon, and finally comes to the Delectable Mountains and the Celestial City.3. John Donne: (the founder) the Metaphysical poet(⽞学派诗⼈).（⽤语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）Artistic features: conceits or imagery奇思妙喻syllogism三段论The Flea 虱⼦IV The 18th Century：Enlightenment1. The Enlightenment: clear away the feudal ideas with bourgeois ideology资阶思Classicism: 重理性rationality/follow principles in drama, poetry & prose/tidy up capitalist social order2. Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特: Gulliver’s Travel格列佛游记(fictional work) Four parts: Lilliput ⼩⼈国、Brobdingnag ⼤⼈国Flying Island 飞岛、Houyhnhnm 智马岛A Tale of a Tub⽊桶的故事3. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福The father of novel.Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记It praises the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.4.Henry Fielding亨利?菲尔丁“Father of English realistic novel” He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散⽂体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.弃婴汤姆?琼斯约瑟夫?安德鲁5. Sentimentalism & Pre-Romanticism in Poetry：anti-rationalism/anti-classicism6. William Blake威廉?布莱克(Pre-R)Songs of Innocence天真之歌A happy and innocent world from children’s eye.< the chimney sweeper> 扫烟囱的孩⼦Songs of Experience经验之歌7. Robert Burns罗伯特?彭斯(Pre-R)The greatest Scottish poet in the late 18th C Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要⽤苏格兰⽅⾔写的诗A Red, Red Rose⼀朵红红的玫瑰Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长My Heart’s in the Highlands我的⼼在那⾼原上, The Tree of LibertyV The Romantic Period1. William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集2. George Gordon Byron乔治?⼽登?拜伦Don Juan唐?璜She Walks In Beauty3. 4. Persy Bysshe Shelley波西?⽐希?雪莱A Defence of Poetry诗辩Ode to the West Wind西风颂Theme: The author expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seeds which still come to life in the spring. This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life (which would end at death) but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: it is written in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas诗节, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features: Using rerza rima(三⾏诗aba bcb cdc de d efe …)4. John Keats约翰?济慈Four great odes: Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂Ode to Psyche⼼灵颂Ode On Melancholy 忧郁颂Ode to Autumn秋颂Theme: The theme is that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new and better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.VI CRITICAL REALISM1. Charles Dickens查尔斯?狄更斯（批判现实主义⼩说家）critical realist writer Oliver Twist雾都孤⼉;David Copperfield⼤卫?科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世Great Expectations远⼤前程2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷Vanity Fair名利场3. Jane Austen简?奥斯丁Sense and Sensibility理智与感情；Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见；Emma爱玛4. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特Jane Eyre简?爱Emily Bronte艾⽶莉?勃朗特Wuthering Heights呼啸⼭庄5. George Eliot乔治?艾略特（批判现实）The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊Middlemarch⽶德尔马契ⅦMid and Late 19th Century1. Robert Browning罗伯特?⽩朗宁My Last Duchess我已故的公爵夫⼈Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Sonnet from the Portuguese葡萄⽛⼗四⾏诗2. Christina. G. Rossetti: Seek and Find; Song3. Literary Trends at the end of the century: naturalism: environmental force & internal impulse/pessimism & determinism;aestheticism: art should serve no religious, moral or social end, nor any end except itself: Oscar Wilde王尔德Salomo Ⅷ20th Century1. Henry James(stream of consciousness): a portrait of a woman贵妇画像2. Thomas Hardy托马斯?哈代Tess Of The D’Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝; Jude The Obscure⽆名的裘德3.George Bernard Shaw乔治?伯纳?萧critical realistic dramatistMrs. Warren’s Pro fession华伦夫⼈的职业; Widowers’ Houses鳏夫的房产Man And Superman⼈与超⼈; The Apple Cart苹果车; Saint Joan圣⼥贞德4. Imagism: free verse/conventional/ common speech/ new rhythms/ clear images5. 1.William Butler Yeats威廉?勃特勒?叶茨,Ireland when you are old celebrated & accomplished symbolist poet/ use an elaborate system of symbols6. Thomas Sterns Eliot: The Waste Land; Four Quartets7. David Herbert Lawrence戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯Sons And Lovers⼉⼦与情⼈;The Rainbow虹；Women In Love恋爱中的⼥⼈8. James Joyce詹姆斯?乔伊斯stream-of-consciousness：Ulysses尤利西斯9. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅?沃尔芙stream-of-consciousnessMrs. Dalloway达洛维夫⼈；To The Lighthouse到灯塔去；The Waves浪；the mark on the wall墙上的斑点ⅨSecond War1. E. M. FosterA Passage To India印度之⾏Hawards End霍华兹别墅 a room with a view看得见风景的房间2. George Orwell: 19843. William Golding: Lord of the Flies蝇王4. Doris Lessing多丽丝?莱⾟The Golden Notebook⾦⾊笔记5. Samuel Beckett: waiting for godat6. Harold Pinter: the room诗歌评论抑扬格（iamb, iambic）扬抑格（trochee, trochaic）抑抑扬格（Anapaest, anapaestic）扬抑抑格（dactyl, dactylic）. Meter步律英⽂诗⾏的长度范围⼀般是⼀⾳步⾄五⾳步。
英国文学诗歌赏析
Ode to the west 雪莱西风颂查良铮译1哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫，有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨，呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱，直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，（唤出嫩芽，像羊群一样，觅食空中）将色和香充满了山峰和平原。
不羁的精灵呵，你无处不远行；破坏者兼保护者：听吧，你且聆听！2没入你的急流，当高空一片混乱，流云象大地的枯叶一样被撕扯脱离天空和海洋的纠缠的枝干。
成为雨和电的使者：它们飘落在你的磅礴之气的蔚蓝的波面，有如狂女的飘扬的头发在闪烁，从天穹的最遥远而模糊的边沿直抵九霄的中天，到处都在摇曳欲来雷雨的卷发，对濒死的一年你唱出了葬歌，而这密集的黑夜将成为它广大墓陵的一座圆顶，里面正有你的万钧之力的凝结；那是你的浑然之气，从它会迸涌黑色的雨，冰雹和火焰：哦，你听！3是你，你将蓝色的地中海唤醒，而它曾经昏睡了一整个夏天，被澄澈水流的回旋催眠入梦，就在巴亚海湾的一个浮石岛边，它梦见了古老的宫殿和楼阁在水天辉映的波影里抖颤，而且都生满青苔、开满花朵，那芬芳真迷人欲醉！呵，为了给你让一条路，大西洋的汹涌的浪波把自己向两边劈开，而深在渊底那海洋中的花草和泥污的森林虽然枝叶扶疏，却没有精力；听到你的声音，它们已吓得发青：一边颤栗，一边自动萎缩：哦，你听！4哎，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起，假如我是能和你飞跑的云雾，是一个波浪，和你的威力同喘息，假如我分有你的脉搏，仅仅不如你那么自由，哦，无法约束的生命！假如我能像在少年时，凌风而舞便成了你的伴侣，悠游天空（因为呵，那时候，要想追你上云霄，似乎并非梦幻），我就不致像如今这样焦躁地要和你争相祈祷。
哦，举起我吧，当我是水波、树叶、浮云！我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了！这被岁月的重轭所制服的生命原是和你一样：骄傲、轻捷而不驯。
英国诗歌赏析
英国诗歌赏析导言英国文学在世界文学史上占有重要地位，其诗歌作品更是为人所推崇。
从中世纪的古老诗歌传统到维多利亚时代的浪漫时期，英国诗人通过他们的作品传达了各种情感和思想。
本文将从几个重要的英国诗人入手，进行一些具体的赏析和分析。
一、威廉·莎士比亚威廉·莎士比亚（William Shakespeare）被公认为英国最伟大的文学家之一，同时也是最伟大的戏剧家之一。
在他较短的生命中，他写下了许多著名的戏剧作品，其中有许多包含着令人难忘的诗歌。
莎士比亚的诗歌展现了他独特的才华和创造力。
在他的诗歌中，我们可以看到对爱情、人性和权力等主题的深入剖析。
例如，在他的著名爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中，他运用了美妙的诗句表达了两位年轻恋人之间的激情和悲伤。
其中一句“但愿这种荣耀是夏季最少的鸟儿，飞得最高的鸟儿”深深触动了无数读者的心弦。
莎士比亚的诗歌才华使他的作品经久不衰，并成为世界各地戏剧演员和诗歌爱好者的珍藏。
二、约翰·基茨约翰·基茨（John Keats）是浪漫主义时期的杰出诗人之一。
他的诗歌以其优美的形象、深情和富有感知力的文字而闻名。
基茨的诗歌表达了对自然、艺术和爱情的热情。
他的一首著名诗歌《秋夜长诗》描述了一个富有画面感的秋天夜晚。
他通过细腻的描写和富有感情的语言，让读者真切地感受到了秋天的美丽与温暖。
基茨的诗歌作品也探讨了许多深刻的主题，例如生死、时间和美的本质。
他的作品常常将寻找内心世界与对外部世界的观察和体验相结合，给人留下深刻的印象。
三、威廉·华兹华斯威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）是著名的浪漫主义诗人，也被誉为英国浪漫主义诗歌运动的领袖之一。
他的诗歌作品被誉为具有启发性和敏感性的杰作。
华兹华斯的诗歌作品主要表达了对自然和人类内心的关注。
他强调人与自然之间的亲密关系，并倡导人们回归大自然和内心的平静与安宁。
他的著名诗歌《世界太多吵闹》以诗人的视角观察现实世界，描述了城市生活的嘈杂和丛林中的宁静。
英国文学诗歌分析鹰
The Eagle Alfred TennysonIn the first stanza the eagle sits on some high mountain cliff in some deserted area, The eagle, a bird of prey, of strength, size, gracefulness, keen vision and power of flight, is pictured as lonely and small against its surroundings.in the second stanza a comparison of the eagle to a thunderbolt falling from the mountain.Line1: The words "clasps," "crag," and "crooked" associate the eagle with age: describe a lined,age-weathered face. the eagle's similarly hard, sharp life. The use of alliteration convey a sense of the eagle's situation. the association of the eagle’s claws with human hands, symbolically, he is telling us about human beings.Line 2: uses exaggeration to associate the eagle with a sense of grand brilliance. This association makes the eagle seem, like the sun, more powerful than anything of this earth.Symbols :The eagle, at its great height, is a representation of a man at the peak of his life, clinging on desperately.The mountain represents the universe. Similar to the eagle's smallness as compared to the mountain, is man's as compared to the universe.The sea explains life and the return to it after death because of the theory that states such.The thunderbolt characterizes death in that both are sudden, effective, and momentary. "stands" and "falls," are opposite to each other in definition. "Falls" is often used to convey death, while "stands" is used to convey endurance. Thus, falls and the suddenness of the thunderbolt, together convey death. Break, Break, Breaka lyric poem centers on Tennyson's grief over the death of his best friend, Arthur Hallam, a fellow poet. Will never come back to me.（love and friendship) The poet’s own feelings of sadness are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves.Downcast(沮丧）, isolated by his grief, the narrator yearns to touch the hand of his friend once more, to hear the sound of his voice. But, Hallam is gone forever; his "tender grace" will never again return. Themes1.Grief: The main theme is bereavement（亲人丧亡）.2Preciousness of Youth: presents images of youthful joy: the fisherman's son playing with his sister and the "sailor lad" singing in the bay.3. Indifference of Nature: Nature continues to function according to its rhythms and cycles regardlessof what happens, The sea will rise and fall in a disobedient, merciless rhythm that refuses to acknowledge tragedy in the everyday life of average men. Tennyson grieves for this cold indifference in "Break, Break, Break."Paradise lost by stating that his subject will be Adam and Eve’sdisobedience and fall fromgrace(失去天恩）. He appeals to aheavenly muse to relate hisambitious story and God’s plan forhumankind.Symbols of Paradise Lost1.The Scales in the SkyOn one side of the scales, he putsthe consequences of Satan’srunning away, and on the other heputs the consequences of Satan’sstaying and fighting with Gabriel.2.Adam’s WreathThe wreath represents his lovefor her and his attraction to her.3.His dropping of the wreathsymbolizes that his love andattraction to Eve is falling away.His image of her as a spiritualcompanion has been shatteredcompletely, as he realizes her fallenstate.4.The fallen wreath representsthe loss of pure love.Themes of Paradise Lost1. The Importance of Obedienceto God2. The Hierarchical Nature of theUniverse3. The Fall as Partly FortunateThe analysisexposing God’s tyranny andsinging praise of Satan’s revoltagainst the unjust God.The extract (pp.139-160) is themost widely read part. It containsSatan’s most powerful speechabout his unconquerable will & hisresolution to carry on the struggle.On His BlindnessThis is a sonnet of iambicpentameter and yet again simplediction, full and half-rhyme, andcontraction. Milton has used hisextensive knowledge of scripture（经文）to create a deeply personalpoem, and gently guide himselfand the reader or listener from anintense loss through tounderstanding and gain.The themesThe main themes of this poem are：Milton's exploration of his feeling,fears and doubts regarding hisfailed sight, his reason of this fearby seeking solutions in his faith.Robinson Crusoe1.Robinson is a grand hero inwesterners’eyes. He survived in thedeserted island and led ameaningful life.2.However, Robinson Crusoe isnot a perfect man. He also hasshortcomings. Sometimes he wasirresolute; He was not confidentenough; He was fetishistic,although his belief had done himmuch good.3.Robinson was the representativeof the bourgeois of the 18thcentury.4.Robinson Crusoe servessomehow as a lighthouse for theambitious people. It’s alsoinstructive for average people.Hamlet1. Hamlet is the first work ofliterature to look squarely at thestupidity, falsity and sham ofeveryday life, without laughing andwithout easy answers. In a worldwhere things are not as they seem,Hamlet’s genuineness,thoughtfulness, and sincerity makehim special.2. Hamlet is no saint. But unlikemost of the other characters (andmost people today), Hamletchooses not to compromise withevil.3. Dying, Hamlet reaffirms thetragic dignity of a basically decentperson in a bad world.Jane EyreThe protagonist and title character,orphaned as a baby. She is aplain-featured, small and reservedbut talented, sympathetic,hard-working, honest andpassionate girl.Skilled at studying, drawing, andteaching, she works as a governessat Thornfield Hall and falls in lovewith her wealthy employer,Edward Rochester. But her strongsense of conscience does notpermit her to become his mistress,and she does not return to himuntil his insane wife is dead andshe herself has come into aninheritance.Edward RochesterThe owner of Thornfield Manor,and Jane‘s lover and eventualhusband. He possesses a strongphysique and great wealth, but hisface is very plain and his moodsprone to frequent change.Impetuous and sensual, he fallsmadly in love with Jane becauseher simplicity, bluntness,intellectual capacity and plainnesscontrast so much with those of theshallow society women to whomhe is accustomed.But his unfortunate marriage tothe maniacal Bertha Masonpostpones his union with Jane, andhe loses a hand and his eyesightwhile trying to rescue his mad wifeafter she sets a fire that burnsdown Thornfield. He is a Byronichero. （“mad, bad and dangerousto know”.）David CopperfieldAn optimistic, diligent, andpersevering character, he is theprotagonist.David Copperfield recounts his lifefrom birth. David is animpressionable boy who is easilyswayed by stronger personalities.Others, who prey on his innocence,routinely take advantage of him.David's experiences include twoschools, one bad and the othergood. He also works as a childlaborer and experiences theloneliness and desolation ofhomelessness.。
英国文艺复兴时期的诗歌与文学思想评析
英国文艺复兴时期的诗歌与文学思想评析英国文艺复兴时期是指16世纪末至17世纪中叶，英国文学、艺术以及文化思想迎来了一次巨大的变革。
从这个时期开始，英国文学风格逐渐向现代主义发展，以前的重视宗教和古典文学的风格被一个更加自由、生动、情感化的文化风格所取代。
本文将从诗歌和文学思想两个方面来评析英国文艺复兴时期，在这个时期中，莎士比亚、斯宾塞等出现了许多杰出的文学巨匠。
一、诗歌的风格及特点英国文艺复兴时期的诗歌，总体上呈现出一种华丽、富有意境的写作风格。
这一时期出现了不少杰出的诗人，他们的作品通常采用古典诗歌的形式，例如古诗体、圆舞曲体等等。
很多时候，诗人会采用典故来传递表达自己的感情和思想。
这些典故大多来自希腊神话和罗马神话，它们通常会被紧密地嵌入到诗歌的形式中，起到了起引人入胜的作用。
此外，英国文艺复兴时期的诗歌整体上也呈现出一种富有感情色彩和个性化的风格。
诗歌多以民初、自然、爱情等主题，寄托了人们对自由和浪漫的向往。
二、文学思想的发展及特点英国文艺复兴时期的文学思想的发展也非常值得关注。
这个时期的文学思想逐渐向现代主义靠近，人们开始思考自由、人性、世界和艺术等问题。
这一时期的思想主要受到新柏拉图派的影响。
新柏拉图派强调人是一个自由意志的主体，他们可以通过自我了解和内在修炼来接近神秘的精神境界。
在新柏拉图派的哲学基础上，很多作家开始注重刻画角色的内心世界，探讨人类的情感和思想。
在这个时期，除了新柏拉图派思想外，亨利·霍华德、约翰·洛克、弗朗西斯·培根等思想家的作品也对英国文艺复兴时期的文学思想的发展起到了影响。
三、杰出的文学巨匠英国文艺复兴时期出现了许多杰出的文学巨匠。
莎士比亚、约翰·梅尔顿、约翰·多恩等人，他们的作品成为了当代文学的经典之作。
莎士比亚的作品，特别是戏剧，深受广大读者的喜爱。
他的作品以情感和人物形象为主要特点，他们的精致构建和表现方式，对后来的文学风格产生了深远的影响，也为英国文学设定了一条标杆。
英国浪漫主义诗歌分析
英国浪漫主义诗歌分析浪漫主义是文艺的基本创作方法之一，与现实主义同为文学艺术上的两大主要思潮。
一起来看看英国浪漫主义诗歌分析，仅供大家参考！谢谢！摘要：十八世纪末十九实际初，英国浪漫主义诗歌在当地兴盛起来，其新的诗歌体式以及创作风格深深地影响着当时诗坛的文人，“自然”成为了当时作家创作的主要境界。
出于对“自然”的追崇程度不同，在当时的英国出现了两大诗派，一是以华兹华斯为代表的湖畔诗人，另外一个是以拜伦为表的积极浪漫主义诗人。
本文将以拜伦为代表的积极浪漫主义诗人的创作为对象，从其发展历程、创作风格以及创作风格带来的影响三个方面进行探究。
关键词：英国浪漫主义诗歌；积极浪漫主义诗人；创作风格；创作影响一、前言早在十九世纪初期，浪漫主义运动在当时的欧洲各国就风靡一时，很多文人墨客在创作的过程中不断的发生演变，他们突破了传统的创作思想，以追求自由和浪漫的创作风格，进而充分调动起来自己的直觉和想象力，结合那个年代百姓的朴素生活，为当时的诗歌创作创造了一个新的氛围。
二、英国浪漫主义诗歌的发展历程在英国的浪漫主义文学运动之后，作为其中的一部分浪漫主义诗歌便在这时开始了萌芽，并通过渐渐发展获得了一定的收获。
英国浪漫主义诗歌咋发展中分为两个阶段，一个是发展初期，以华兹华斯、柯勒律治、骚赛为主要代表的湖畔诗人最为活跃；另一个是以雪莱、拜伦、济慈为主要代表的积极浪漫主义，他们的出现则把英国浪漫主义诗歌推向了一个高潮。
（一）英国浪漫主义诗歌发展的初期在浪漫主义的浪潮袭来之时，华兹华斯等人便逐渐打开视野，他们的作品也相继登上了诗歌的舞台。
华兹华斯的作品中，不论是言语的表达还是体裁的运用，都打破了古典主义驾驭语言的常规，在当时有一定的影响。
（二）英国浪漫主义诗歌发展的高潮继湖畔诗人之后，雪莱、拜伦等人的出现，更是冲破传统语言和风格的主要力量，他们在华兹华斯的基础上，更丰富了诗歌的内涵和意义，其中济慈将古典主义的代表布瓦洛进行抨击，并称他是“一个由浮华和蒙昧主义培育的派系”，而拜伦被称为“恶魔诗人”，他们的作品中多追求自由浪漫和精神的解放，这毫无疑问是对古典主义的诗歌精神的冲击和挑战。
大学英国文学重点诗歌及选文赏析
诗歌赏析1) 诗名 2) 作者 3) 赏析a. 结构：共几节——每节几行+韵律b. 文化背景：从何而来+主题【精神+意识】c. 常用修辞：如metaphor （隐喻）d. Personification （拟人）e. Parallelism （排比）f. 小节内容：如“以某物（意象）烘托出……情感/意境”g. 主旨Sonnet 18——William ShakespeareQuatrainⅠ：a ：Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?b ：a ：b ：QuatrainⅠ：c ：d ：And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;c ：d ：Quatrain Ⅰ：e ：f ：e ：f ：Couplet ：g ：So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, g ：So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 我可能把你和夏天相比拟？ 你比夏天更可爱更温和： 狂风会把五月的花苞吹落地， 夏天也嫌太短促，匆匆而过； 有时太阳照得太热，常常又遮暗他的金色的脸；美的事物总不免要凋落，偶然的，或是随自然变化而流转。
但是你的永恒之夏不会褪色； 你不会失去你的俊美的仪容；死神不能夸说你在他的阴影里面走着，如果你在这不朽的诗句里获得了永生；只要人们能呼吸，眼睛能看东西，此诗就会不朽，使你永久生存下去。
It’s a typical English or Shakespeare sonnet. The major feature of this poem is analogy.By putting his love’s beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words.Literature will keep transient beauty ever lasting./ Power of artA. Structure1. Sonnet 18 can be divided into four parts: three quatrains and a couplet.The first quatrain is from line 1 to line 4, the second from line 5 to line 8, and the third from line 9 to line 12. The couplet is the group of last two lines.2. The rhyme scheme of sonnet 18 is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG.Sonnet 18 contains 14 lines. The ends of line 1 and line 3 have the end rhyme /ei/, line 2 and line 4 rhyme with /eit/. And these four lines form the first quatrain. The line 5 and line 7 have the end rhyme/ /, while line 6 and line 8 have the same form is used in line 9 and line 11 and line 10 and line 2, which end with the rhyme /eid/ and /ost/. However, the last two lines have their own end rhyme which is /i:/.3. Sonnet 18 is iambic pentameter.Each line of Sonnet 18 has five feet with an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable.Examples are as follow：“Shall I / compare/ thee to / a sum / mer’s day?” has accents on”shall”, “com”,”thee”,”a, mer”respectively.“Thou art/ more love / ly and/ more tem / perate”has accents on”thou”, “more”, “ly”, “more”,”pe” respectively.B. Language use1. Several kinds of rhetoric are used.Metaphor: “The eye of heaven”means the sun.Simile: “Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?” uses simile to compare the loved to a summer’s day.Personification:”his gold complexion” personates the summer’s day and”shake the darling buds”uses “shake” to personate the rough winds.Inversion: “And every fair form fair sometimes declines can be in the order likethis:”And every fair sometime declines from fair”“By chance, or nature's changing course intrimme'd” can be in the order like this: “untrimmed by chance or nature's changing course”2. Images”A summer's day” means the season of summer.“Day” means a period of time.“Lease”means allotted time.“The eye of heaven” means sun.“His its” means sun.“Fair”means something beautiful.“This” means this poem.C. Appreciation1. Shakespeare compares his friend to a summer’s day. From line 1 to line 8, then he pays attention to praise his friend’s permanence, while from line 9 to line 14, and his focus is shifted towards expressing that poetry is immortal.2. Sonnet 18’s first line asks a question: how can I compare you to a summer's day? Line 2 answers the question that the loved one is more gentle and lovely.From line 4 to line 8, poet says summer is too short. And sometimes it will shine too much and can be burning while sometimes it will be dimmed when cloudy or overcast. All the beautiful things will finally lose their perfection for nature’s change and instability.From line9 to line14, poet starts praising an eternal beauty. This beauty is the beloved one and also the poems, and it is the poems make the loved everlasting.3.The theme of sonnet 18 is that love is the only thing that can conquer all the things in the world and the beauty is the immortal thing that can never be replaced.Song ”Go and Catch A Falling Star ”——John DonneGo and catch a falling star, Get with child a mandrake root, Tell me where all past years are, Or who cleft the Devil's foot, Teach me to hear mermaids' singing, Or to keep off envy's stinging, And find What windServes to advance an honest mindIf thou beest born to strange sights, Things invisible to see,Ride ten thousand days and nights, Till age snow white hairs on thee, Thou, when thou return'st, wilt tell me All strange wonders that befell thee, And swear No whereLives a woman true, and fair.If thou find'st one,let me know, Such a pilgrimage were sweet; Yet do not, I would not go, Though at next door we might meet; Though she were true when you met her, and last till you write your letter, Yet she Will beFalse, ere i come, to two, or three.Rhyme: abab cc ddd + Conceit 奇喻1.This poem chiefly concerns the lack of constancy in women. The tone taken is one of gentle cynicism and mocking.2. John Donne has lost his naive views of love. His confidence in the power of love has been waned and now he appears more cautiousand almost bitter.3. The title, "Song", leads us to expect certain things: a lyrical element to the words, and a musical rhythm, which are fulfilled by this neatly crafted poem. It is also very ambiguous, not hinting at the subject matter of the poem.4. Each stanza is nine lines, it allows for the more complex and abstract ideas, which are archetypal of metaphysical poetry.The first stanza is the most forceful, employing the imperative to achieve a sense of command, and implying that he is talking to one specific person.The second stanza is full of convoluted images and hyperbole; it is as if Donne is mocking the idea of a love poem in itself.The final stanza begins in a sardonic manner.5.He appears to be expressing the opinion that a woman of character and beauty is implausible.Form and Structure1.However this naïve rhyme does add to the phonological quality of the poem, as the simplicity is perhaps more songlike than the rest of the poem.2.The regular rhyme and meter of the poem also help to create this feeling. There is a very tight verse structure, which consists ofa sestet of ABAB rhyme preceding the rhyming triplet in each stanza.3.The triplet shows an insistence of opinion,it emphasises the points being made but also creates a lilting rhythm to the end of each verse, like the refrain to a song.4.The two very short lines immediately precede a farlonger one, thus creating contrast, which mirrors the contrasting images in the poem.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud——William WordsworthA host, of goldenContinuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never -ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but they Out -did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company:I gazed ---and gazed ---but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils .1. The definition of poetry:Poetry is “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility.” 2. The Function of poetry:The poetry is to give an unexpected splend or to familiar and commonplace things, to incidents and situations from common life. 3. The themes of his poetry:➢ beauty of nature + rural life + harmony between human and natureComposition and ThemeThe four six-line stanzas of this poem follow a quatrain-couplet rhyme scheme: ABAB CC. Each line is metered in iambic tetrameter.Like most works by Wordsworth, it is romantic in nature; the beauty of nature, unkempt by humanity, and a reconciliation of man with his environment, are two of the fundamental principles of the romantic movement within poetry.The plot of the poem is simple. Wordsworth believed it "an elementary feeling and simple impression".ConclusionThis poem was written by William Wordsworth, the representative poet of the early romanticism. It consists of four six-line stanzas, in iambic tetrameter and an ABAB CC rhyme scheme. At the beginning of the poem, Wordsworth compares himself to a cloud, enjoying freedom but suffering from loneliness. But the sight of a cloud of dancing daffodils makes him drunk. What's more, it brings him great courage to face depression and loneliness in the following days. Here, the daffodils is the nature. All the time,his poems concentrate on the relationship between human and nature. As William Wordsworth believed, nature can have greet healing power effect on the mind.Daffodils: symbolize living a life as rich in experience and sensation as would make a life worth living.Ode on a Grecian Urn——John KeatsThou still unravish’d bride of quietness, 你委身“寂静”的、完美的处子，Thou foster-child of Silence and slow Time, 受过了“沉默”和“悠久”的抚育，Sylvan historian, who canst thus express 呵，田园的史家，A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme: 你竟能铺叙一个如花的故事，比诗还瑰丽:What leaf-fringed legend haunts about thy shape 在你的形体上，岂非缭绕着古老的传说，以绿叶为其边缘;Of deities or mortals, or of both, 讲着人，或神，In Tempe or the dales of Arcady? 敦陂或阿卡狄？What men or gods are these? What maidens loth? 呵，是怎样的人，或神！What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape? 在舞乐前多热烈的追求！少女怎样地逃躲！What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy? 怎样的风笛和鼓谣！怎样的狂喜！Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard 听见的乐声虽好，但若听不见却更美；Are sweeter; therefore, ye soft pipes, play on; 所以，吹吧，柔情的风笛；Not to the sensual ear, but, more endear'd, 不是奏给耳朵听，而是更甜，Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone: 它给灵魂奏出无声的乐曲；Fair youth, beneath the trees, thou canst not leave 树下的美少年呵，你无法中断你的歌，Thy song, nor ever can those trees be bare; 那树木也落不了叶子；Bold Lover, never, never canst thou kiss, 鲁莽的恋人，你永远、永远吻不上，Though winning near the goal—yet, do not grieve; 虽然够接近了——但不必心酸；She cannot fade, though thou hast not thy bliss, 她不会老，虽然你不能如愿以偿，For ever wilt thou love, and she be fair! 你将永远爱下去，她也永远秀丽！Ah, happy, happy boughs! that cannot shed 呵，幸福的树木！Your leaves, nor ever bid the spring adieu; 你的枝叶不会剥落，从不曾离开春天；And, happy melodist, unwearied, 幸福的吹笛人也不会停歇，For ever piping songs for ever new; 他的歌曲永远是那么新鲜；More happy love! more happy, happy love! 呵，更为幸福的、幸福的爱！For ever warm and still to be enjoy'd, 永远热烈，正等待情人宴飨，For ever panting, and for ever young: 永远热情地心跳，永远年轻:All breathing human passion far above, 幸福的是这一切超凡的情态，That leaves a heart high-sorrowful and cloy'd, 它不会使心灵餍足和悲伤，A burning forehead, and a parching tongue. 没有炽热的头脑，焦渴的嘴唇。
whoso list to hunt - thomas wyatt,赏析
“Whoso List to Hunt”- Thomas Wyatt，赏析引言：Thomas Wyatt的诗歌《Whoso List to Hunt》是一首十分经典的文学之作，以其深刻的主题和优美的语言风格而著称。
本文将对这首诗进行赏析，剖析其文学特点、情感表达以及深层含义。
1. 诗歌背景这首诗创作于16世纪，是英国文艺复兴时期的代表作之一。
文艺复兴时期注重个体的感情和思想表达，而《Whoso List to Hunt》正是这一时期思想变革的产物。
2. 语言的优雅与表达的深沉首先，诗歌的语言极为优雅，采用了典雅的古英语表达。
通过独特的修辞手法，Wyatt巧妙地表达了深沉的感情，使读者沉浸其中。
例如，诗中的“Hunt's-up”一词，形象地描绘出了狩猎的动感和紧张气氛。
3. 主题与情感表达诗歌的主题涉及到爱情和放弃，通过描绘狩猎的场景，表达了作者对于爱情的复杂感受。
诗中的“hart”被视为象征性的爱情对象，而狩猎则暗示了爱情的艰难和无常。
作者通过狩猎的意象，表达了对于追求爱情的放弃和对于爱情无常的思考。
4. 与文学传统的关联《Whoso List to Hunt》还与当时的文学传统相呼应。
诗中借鉴了意大利文学的形式，融入了彼特拉克式的抒情风格，展示了文艺复兴时期对于古典文学的追溯和吸收。
5. 女性形象的描绘在诗中，女性形象被描绘得极为神秘和引人遐想。
通过对于“hart”（雄鹿）的描述，女性被赋予了一种不可捉摸的、神秘而又娇媚的形象，从而强化了诗歌中爱情的不确定性和无法捕捉的特点。
6. 对于放弃的思考诗歌的结尾表达了一种对于爱情放弃的坚定决心。
作者通过“Noli me tangere（不要触碰我）”的表述，强调了对于爱情的拒绝和对于追逐的终结。
这种态度既体现了个体对于爱情自主选择的权利，同时也流露出对于爱情无常的理解。
7. 现代阅读与启示尽管这首诗创作于数百年前，但其对于爱情、放弃和个体选择的思考，仍然具有现代意义。
英国浪漫主义诗歌创作解读
英国浪漫主义诗歌创作解读
英国浪漫主义诗歌，在西方文学史上独树一帜，是一种容许作者在探索自我情感的过程中发挥自由想象的抒情诗，其特征是超越现实的幻灭，颠覆传统的和谐叙事，倡导批判的思维和深刻的存在主义思考。
英国浪漫主义诗歌潮流由浪漫主义早期大师拉尔夫.勃朗宁、格瑞格.布尔沃克、威廉.布莱克、华兹华斯及巴罗，以及后期代表诗人肯尼迪.柯林斯、司各特.米勒拉等人代表，从1798年兴起，直至1830年消退。
英国浪漫主义诗歌崇尚自然，旨在探究现实外的另一种存在形态。
它把神话、传说以及古老神秘的自然传奇景观揉合在一起，向外展开，表现出诗人的情感。
更显着的是，浪漫诗的抒情风格，比现代文学中的抒情风格更贴近自然，对艺术的反思更深刻。
英国浪漫主义诗歌的作者特别崇尚自由思想，追求超越传统体系的封建社会的虚无主义，可以说是英国文化叛逆派的最畅销品牌。
它最明显的特点是思维自主、调动读者的激情及誓死抵抗秩序的理念。
诗歌所描写的大气，更特别地揭示了无神论和激进行为的精神准备。
此外，现实和虚幻、理性与感性的交互并存也极大地促进了英国浪漫主义诗歌的诞生，因而使作品更加精彩深厚，诗句更加持续。
英国浪漫主义诗歌充满着浪漫情怀，以自由、独立、反叛为一个主题，唤醒诗人深层次的情感与敏感，带着那笼罩着梦幻、落寞而富于美感的语言，不仅塑造了引人注目的视角，而且让人心灵深处受到深深的触动。
因此，浪漫主义诗歌有着极为深远的影响，它在内心深处播下开放的种子，让文学迈向下一代，成为一种流派，而英国浪漫主义诗歌更是其中的点睛之作。
英国文学史 期末考试诗歌部分解释完整版
Paraphrase完整版I Wandered Lonely as a CloudI wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.I walked slowly like a cloud which floats high over the valleys and hills.Suddenly I notice many golden daffodils beside the lake and under the trees.They are shaking and dancing in the wind.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The daffodils are numerous as if they are shining stars sparkling on the galaxy.The line of flowers never ends which is along the bank of the bay.I glance at ten thousand flowers which shaking their heads when they are dancing happily.The waves beside them danced; but theyOut-did the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed – and gazed – but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:The waves beside the flowers were dancing too, but the happiness of flowers surpasses bright waves.How happy a poet would be with such a joyful companion!I gazed for a long time and never thought of how much wealth the wonderful view had brought to me.For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;2And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.When I lie on my bed feeling bored or thinking about something, the flowers often flash in my mind which is the ecstasy of my life.Then my heart is filled with pleasure and dances with the daffodils.Paradise LostOF Mans First Disobedience, and the FruitOf that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tastBrought Death into the World, and all our woe,With loss of Eden, till one greater ManRestore us, and regain the blissful Seat,Man’s first sin that he tasted the forbidden fruit, caused death and troubles, and lost the paradise until the Messiah came and save us and regain the happy paradise.Ode to the West Wind51. Scarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have striven52. As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.That is not a dream.I would never have pleaded with you urgently.65. And, by the incantation of this verse,66. Scatter, as from an unextinguish'd hearth67. Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!68. Be through my lips to unawaken'd earth69. The trumpet of a prophecy!With the help of magic verse, my words were scattered among mankind through my mouth to the sleeping earth, like the ashes and sparks from the burning stove.Let the predictions be scattered!O Wind,Oh, Wind,70. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?The FleaMark but this flea, and mark in this,How little that which thou deniest me is;Me it sucked first, and now sucks thee,And in this flea our two bloods mingled be;Thou know'st that this cannot be saidA sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead,Yet this enjoys before it woo,And pampered swells with one blood made of two,And this, alas, is more than we would do.Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare,Where we almost, nay more than married are.This flea is you and I, and thisOur marriage bed and marriage temple is;Though parents grudge, and you, we are met,And cloisered in these living walls of jet.Though use make you apt to kill meLet not to that, self-murder added be,And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.Cruel and sudden, hast thou sincePurpled thy nail in blood of innocence?Wherein could this flea guilty be,Except in that drop which it sucked from thee?Yet thou triumph'st, and say'st that thouFind'st not thy self nor me the weaker now;'Tis true; then learn how false fears be: and then you know, indeed there was no need to fear for it.Just so much honor, when thou yield'st to me,Will waste, as this flea's death look life from thee.Romeo and JulietSelected R from Romeo and Juliet (ACT II SCENE II)Capulet's orchard.[Enter ROMEO.]ROMEO He jests at scars that never felt a wound.He (Mercutio), who never felt a wound, makes fun of my scars.[JULIET appears above at a window.2]But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?But, hush! What light break through the window over there?It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon3, 5Who is already sick and pale with grief,That thou her maid art far more fair than she:You, the moon’s maid, are much more beautiful than she is,Be not her maid, since she is envious;Her vestal livery is but sick and green1You are not her maid, since she is envious. The uniform ("livery") worn by virgins("vestal") in the service of Diana is sick and green.And none but fools do wear it; cast it off. 2 10It is my lady, O, it is my love!O, that she knew she were!I wish that she knew she were my lover!She speaks yet she says nothing: what of that?Her eye discourses3; I will answer it.She speaks, yet her lips are not moving; what of that? Her eyes speak, and I willanswer them.I am too bold, 'tis not to me she speaks: 15I am too reckless. She doesn’t speak to me.Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven,Having some business, do entreat her eyesTo twinkle in their spheres till they return.4Two of the most brilliant stars in the sky who have to leave their orbits, ask Juliet’seyes to twinkle in their place until they return.What if her eyes were there, they in her head?What if her eyes were in the sky and the stars become her eyes in her head?The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars, 20As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heavenWould through the airy region stream so brightThat birds would sing and think it were not night.5See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand!O, that I were a glove upon that hand, 25That I might touch that cheek!The brightness of her cheek would shame the stars in the sky, as daylight does to alamp. Her eyes in the sky would flow through the airy sky so brightly that birdswould sing and think it were not at night. Look, how she leans her cheek upon herhand! Oh, I wish I were a glove on her hands so that I could touch her cheek!JULIET Ay me! 1ROMEO She speaks:O, speak again, bright angel! for thou artAs glorious to this night, being o'er my head 30As is a winged messenger of heavenUnto the white-upturned wondering eyesOf mortals that fall back to gaze on himWhen he bestrides the lazy-pacing cloudsAnd sails upon the bosom of the air. 35She speaks. Oh, speak again, bright angel! Because you are as glorious to the nightover my head. You are as if a messenger from heaven with wings and I was one ofthe mortals look up to you with wondering eyes and bestriding the slowly walkingclouds, sailing through the sky.JULIET O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo?2Deny thy father and refuse thy name;Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,And I'll no longer be a Capulet.Oh, Romeo, Romeo! Why are you Romeo? Deny your father and change your name.Or if you will not, just promise me your love to me and I’ll no longer be a Capulet. ROMEO [Aside] Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this?Can I hear more or can I speak?JULIET 'Tis but thy name that is my enemy3; 40Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.But only your name is my enemy. You would be yourself even if you had some other name.What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,Nor arm, nor face, nor any other partBelonging to a man. O, be some other name!Oh, change your name!What's in a name? that which we call a rose 45By any other name would smell as sweet;What’s the inner meaning of a name? What we call a rose would smell fragrant byany other name.So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call'd,Retain that dear perfection which he owes4So if Romeo is not called Romeo, he will still keep his precious perfection he own.Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name1,And for that name which is no part of thee 50Take all myself.Without your title, Romeo, discard your name, and take all myself to replace thatname which is no longer a part of you.第二部分OMEO［To JULIET］If I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine，the gentle fine is this：My lips，two blushing pilgrims，ready stand To smooth that rough touch with atender kiss．JULIETGood pilgrim，you do wrong your hand too much，Which mannerly devotion shows inthis；For saints have hands that pilgrims' hands do touch，And palm to palm is holypalmers' kiss．ROMEOHave not saints lips，and holy palmers too？JULIETAy，pilgrim，lips that they must use in prayer．ROMEOO，then，dear saint，let！lips do what hands do；They pray，grant thou，lest faith turn to despair．JULIETSaints do not move，though grant for prayers' sake．ROMEOThen move not，while my prayer's effect I take．Thus from my lips，by yours，my sin is purged．JULIETThen have my lips the sin that they have took．ROMEOSin from thylips？O trespasssweetly urged！Give me my sin again．JULIETYou kiss by the book．HAMLET独白部分To be, or not to be: that is the question:Should I live on or should I kill myself? That is a question.Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer 65Whether it is determined to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,The fatal attacks of cruel destiny,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,Or to fight against numerous troubles.And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks 70And make them end by defiance. To die is no more than to sleep; and we no longer sufferfrom the aching of heart and many natural attacks the body is suffering.That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummationDevoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;It is a result we eagerly wish. To die is to sleep.To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;We may dream when sleeping. Ah, this is the dilemma.For in that sleep of death what dreams may comeBecause when we died what dreams may we have?When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, 75When we have got rid of the turmoil of mortality,Must give us pause8: there’s the respectThe sleeping-like death must bring about our hesitation. There exists the consideration That makes calamity of so long life;That makes the disorder/disaster long live.For who would bear the whips and scorns of time11,For who have to endure the punishment and insult in this world,The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely12,The oppressor’s evil and the proud man’s scornful insolence,The pangs of dispised love, the law's delay, 80The pain of rejected love and the justice of law coming late.The insolence of office and the spurns13That patient merit of the unworthy takes14,The insolence of the power and the contemptuous rejections, which the people of praiseworthy take of the unworthy.When he himself might his quietus make15With a bare bodkin16? who would fardels17 bear,To grunt18 and sweat under a weary life, 85If he himself might make an end of his life/might free himself from all troubles of life with a mere dagger? Who would shoulder the burdens to groan and sweat in a boring and tiring life?But that the dread of something after death,If not for the fear of the things after death,The undiscover'd country19 from whose bourn20,No traveller returns, puzzles the will21The unknown place where we go after death, no traveler returns from the boundary of which after death, confuses the will,And makes us rather bear those ills we haveMakes us prefer to stand the evilThan fly to others that we know not of? 90Than to fly to other places we don’t know?Thus conscience1 does make cowards of us all; 2Thus the consciousness makes all of us dastardsAnd thus the native hue of resolution3And the natural color of determination,Is sicklied o'er4 with the pale cast of thought5,Is made sick with the pale look of thought,And enterprises of great pith and moment6And the plans of great height and importance,With this regard their currents turn awry7, 95Because their direction turn aside,And lose the name of action8.--Soft you now!9And lose the honor that derives from action,--- Restrain yourself!。
英国文学史诗歌分析
1. Sonnet 18----William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?(Could I compare you to the time of summer?)Thou art more lovely and more temperate:(You are more lovely and more gentle and mild than the days)(Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,(The wild winds shakes the favorite flowers of May. )And summer's lease hath all too short a date:(And the duration of summer has a limited period of time)Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,(Sometimes the sun shining is too hot. )And often is his gold complexion dimmed;(Or often goes behind the clouds.)And every fair from fair sometime declines,(And everything beautiful will lose its beauty.)By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;(By misfortune or by nature’s planned out course)But thy eternal summer shall not fade ,(But your youth shall not fade)Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;(Nor will you lose the beauty that you possessed)Nor shall Death brag thou wander'rest in his shade,(Nor will death claim you for his own)When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st(Because in my eternal verse you will live forever)So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,(So long as the men can live in the world with sight and breath)So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.(This poem will exist and you will live in forever.)a)The author of the poem is William Shakespeare .It is a typical English sonnet, the rhymescheme of the poem is “abab cdcd efef gg”.b)On the surface the poem is simply a statement to praise the beauty of the young man. But themore important is the poet wants to show the power of the poem which can defy time and last forever. The stability of love and its power to immortalize the subject of the poet's verse is the theme.2. On His Blindness----John MiltonWhen I consider how my light is spent 想到了在这茫茫黑暗的世界里Ere half my days， in this dark world and wide还未到半生这两眼就已失明，And that one talent which is death to hide ，想到了我的才能，要是埋起来，Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent 会招致死亡，却放在我手里无用，To serve therewith my Maker, and present 虽然我一心想用它服务造物主，My true account, lest He, returning chide；免得报账时，得不到他的宽容；"Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?" "神不给我光明，还让我做日工 ?’’想到这，I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent 我愚蠢地自问.但"忍耐"看我在抱怨，That murmur, soon replies, "God doth not need" 立刻止住我，神并不要你工作，Either man's work or his own gifts.；Who best 或还他礼物。
英国文学诗歌赏析
I wandered lonely as a cloud Writer: William WordsworthGenre(体裁)：lyricTone: depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme --- the great influence of nature upon human being.Rhyme: He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils”(b), “trees” (c), “breeze” (c) in stanza 1. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter.Rhetorical devices(修辞手法): He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration（头韵）(e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance（类韵）(e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in neve r-ending line” in line 9) andconsonance（一致）(e.g. “ vales and hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in language that is rhythmical.Ode to the west windWriter: Percy ShelleyGenre: LyricTone: eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from reality.Rhyme: In each stanze,the first 12 lines use terza rima（三行诗）.The last two lines use couplet（偶句）.aba bab cdc ded ee.Rhetorical devices: Personification.。
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1. Sonnet 18----William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?(Could I compare you to the time of summer?)Thou art more lovely and more temperate:(You are more lovely and more gentle and mild than the days)(Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,(The wild winds shakes the favorite flowers of May. )And summer's lease hath all too short a date:(And the duration of summer has a limited period of time)Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,(Sometimes the sun shining is too hot. )And often is his gold complexion dimmed;(Or often goes behind the clouds.)And every fair from fair sometime declines,(And everything beautiful will lose its beauty.)By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;(By misfortune or by nature’s planned out course)But thy eternal summer shall not fade ,(But your youth shall not fade)Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;(Nor will you lose the beauty that you possessed)Nor shall Death brag thou wander'rest in his shade,(Nor will death claim you for his own)When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st(Because in my eternal verse you will live forever)So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,(So long as the men can live in the world with sight and breath)So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.(This poem will exist and you will live in forever.)a)The author of the poem is William Shakespeare .It is a typical English sonnet, the rhymescheme of the poem is “abab cdcd efef gg”.b)On the surface the poem is simply a statement to praise the beauty of the young man. But themore important is the poet wants to show the power of the poem which can defy time and last forever. The stability of love and its power to immortalize the subject of the poet's verse is the theme.2. On His Blindness----John MiltonWhen I consider how my light is spent 想到了在这茫茫黑暗的世界里Ere half my days， in this dark world and wide还未到半生这两眼就已失明，And that one talent which is death to hide ，想到了我的才能，要是埋起来，Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent 会招致死亡，却放在我手里无用，To serve therewith my Maker, and present 虽然我一心想用它服务造物主，My true account, lest He, returning chide；免得报账时，得不到他的宽容；"Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?" "神不给我光明，还让我做日工 ?’’想到这，I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent 我愚蠢地自问.但"忍耐"看我在抱怨，That murmur, soon replies, "God doth not need" 立刻止住我，神并不要你工作，Either man's work or his own gifts.；Who best 或还他礼物。
Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state 谁最能服从他，谁就是忠于职守，Is kingly. Thousands at his bidding speed 他君临万方，只要他一声吩咐，And post o'er land and ocean without rest:万千个天使就赶忙在海陆奔驰，。
" They also serve who only stand and wait." 但侍立左右的，也还是为他服务a) The author of this poem is John Milton. The name of this poem is On His Blindness.b) It is a famous Italian Sonnet ,and the rhyme scheme of the poem is abba abba cde cde.c) The paraphrase of this poem :d) I n the sonnet , the speaker meditates on the fact that he has become blind .He expresses his frustration at being prevented by his disability from serving God as well as he desires to . He is answered by “Patience,” who tells him that God has many who hurry to do his bidding , and doesnot really need man’s work . What valued is the ability to bear God’s “mild yoke.” to tolerate whatever God asks faithfully and without complaint. This poem presents a carefully reasoned argument, on the basis of Christian faith, for the acceptance of physical impairment .The speaker learns that, rather than being an obstacle to his fulfillment of God’s work for him, his blindness is a part of that work, and that his achievement lies in living patiently with it.3. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud----William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud 我孤独地漫游，像一朵云That floats on high o'er vales and hills, 在山丘和谷地上飘荡，When all at once I saw a crowd, 忽然间我看见一群A host, of golden daffodils; 金色的水仙花迎春开放，Beside the lake, beneath the trees, 在树荫下，在湖水边，Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. 迎着微风起舞翩翩。
Continuous as the stars that shine 绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，And twinkle on the milky way, 在银河里闪闪发光，They stretched in never-ending line 它们沿着湖湾的边缘Along the margin of a bay: 延伸成无穷无尽的一行；Ten thousand saw I at a glance, 我一眼看见了一万朵，Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. 在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。
The waves beside them danced; but they 粼粼波光也在跳着舞，Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: 水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；A poet could not but be gay, 与这样快活的伴侣为伍，In such a jocund company: 诗人怎能不满心欢乐！I gazed--and gazed--but little thought 我久久凝望，却想象不到What wealth the show to me had brought: 这奇景赋予我多少财宝，——For oft, when on my couch I lie 每当我躺在床上不眠，In vacant or in pensive mood, 或心神空茫，或默默沉思，They flash upon that inward eye 它们常在心灵中闪现，Which is the bliss of solitude; 那是孤独之中的福祉；And then my heart with pleasure fills, 于是我的心便涨满幸福，And dances with the daffodils. 和水仙一同翩翩起舞。