祈使句的直接引语变间接引语讲解

祈使句的直接引语变间接引语是重要语法点, 现作一小结。

当直接引语的句子是祈使句时, 间接引语常用动词不定式表示; 如果祈使句为否定式, 变为间接引语时, 则将原句变为动词不定式的否定式。

间接引语的动词应根据句子的意思和说话者的口气作相应的改变, 一般将原句的say酌情改为ask, beg, tell, order, demand等动词, 并在动词的后面加相应的人称作宾语。

为使间接引语的语气和意义更贴近原句, 可按下列情况酌情选用不同的谓语动词。

1. 一般情况将原句的动词say改为tell。

例如:
①He said, “Hurry up!"
→He told me to hurry up.
他告诉我快一点。

②She said, “Don't put your bag here, Mary."
→She told Mary not to put her bag there.
她告诉玛丽不要把袋子放在那里。

③He said, “Never eat too much."
→He told ／warned us never to eat too much.
他告诉我们永远不要吃得太多。

④The teacher said, “Don't be late again, Mary."
→The teacher told Mary not to be late again.
老师告诉玛丽不要再迟到了。

2. 有的祈使句含有please一词, 以表示婉转的语气, 将这类祈使句变为间接引语, 通常将原句的say改为ask或beg。

值得注意的是, please一词在改为间接引语时去掉。

例如:
①Tom said to Alice, “Come here tomorrow, please."
→Tom asked Alice to go there the next day.
汤姆要求艾丽斯第二天去那里。

②He said to her, Please don't tell John the news.
→He asked her not to tell John the news.
他要求她不要把那个消息告诉约翰。

③She said, “Please give me some milk."
→She begged me to give her some milk.
她请求我给她一点儿牛奶。

3. 如果是上级对下级说的话, 或者原句带有命令式的口气, 一般用动词order或tell, 也可用say＋that从句, 从句的谓语用be to＋不定式或have got to ＋不定式表示。

例如:
①He said to us, “Get it done at once."
→He ordered us to get it done at once.
→He said that we were to get it done at once.
他命令我们马上把它办好。

②The doctor said, “Stay in bed for a week."
→The doctor ordered ／told me to stay in bed for a week.
→The doctor said that I had got to stay in bed for a week.
大夫嘱咐我卧床静养一周。

③She said, “Don't close the windows."
→She told me not to close the windows.
→She said that I wasn't to close the windows.
她叫我不要关窗户。

4. 由Let开头的祈使句, 大都表示建议, 这类祈使句变为间接引语时, 常用suggest＋doing sth. 或suggest＋that从句句式, 有时也用urge sb. to do sth. 表示。

例如:
①He said, “Let's go out for a walk."
→He suggested that they should go out for a walk.
→He suggested their going out for a walk.
他建议他们到外面去散步。

②Mother said, “Let Henry tidy the sitting room."
→Mother suggested that Henry should tidy the sitting room.
→Mother suggested Henry's tidying the sitting room.
母亲提议由亨利来整理客厅。

③She said, “Let's not tell Tom the bad news."
→She suggested not telling Tom the bad news.
→She suggested that they should not tell Tom the bad news.
她建议他们不要告诉汤姆那个不幸的消息。

④He said, “Let's not tell Tom anything about it."
→He urged them not to tell Tom anything about it.
他让他们不要告诉汤姆关于那件事的任何情况。

如果说话者提议或自愿为对方做某事, 一般用offer ＋不定式表示。

例如:
⑤Tom said, “Let me help you with your work."
→Tom offered to help me with my work.
汤姆表示愿意帮助我工作。

⑥They said, “Let us pay for your dinner."
→They have offered to pay for our dinner.
他们已经表示愿意为我们付饭钱。

5. 提醒对方有某种危险或不利的祈使句变为间接引语时, 常用动词warn。

例如:
①He said, “Be careful with fire."
→He warned us to be careful with fire.
他提醒我们要注意火灾。

②He said, “Keep away from the fire, children."
→He warned ／ordered the children to keep away from the fire.
他提醒孩子们不要靠近火。

6. 提醒他人别忘了做某事的祈使句, 变为间接引语时, 一般用remind。

例如:
①He said, “Don't forget to bring your umbrella."
→He reminded me to bring my umbrella.
→He told me not to forget to bring my umbrella.
他提醒我／告诉我别忘了带雨伞。

如果他人用祈使句劝告自己不要做某事, 自己转述此话时, 可用say ＋that从句, 从句的谓语用shouldn't＋动词原形表示。

例如:
②He said, “Don't run so fast if the road is so slippery."
→He said I shouldn't run so fast if the road was so slippery.
他对我说如果道路很滑就不要跑得那么快。