翻译与美学

三、简约美（conciseness value）
1）Any person not putting litter in this basket will be liable to a fine of $5. 1、任何不把凌乱的东西放入这个筐内而任意 乱扔的人将处以罚款5美元。 2、垃圾不入篮，罚款5美元”。
男孩再向前跑，又止步屏息，新生惊惧。周围， 草儿簌簌作响，充满生机。惶惶然，他四面 察看，又注目眼前。原来，地面一片漆黑， 布满了硕大的蚂蚁，锐气十足，对于他的到 来，它们视而不见，一味地赶向那挣扎中影 子，如同晶莹的黑水流过草原。
简析：文章开头用三个短句，描绘出小男孩的 好奇与惊惧，欲前又止的神态。文章用一个 wildly把男孩紧张恐惧的神色描写得淋漓尽致， great energetic，hurried and scurried， glistening black water等词，把蚂蚁的模样、 神态刻画得活灵活现，如电影中的特写镜头。 翻译时，要对这些词重点把握，通过形象思 维，尽量再现得生动具体。
1、疾病带给她一种奇怪的烦乱不宁，使她更加迫 切地抓住人生，从中挤出最后一滴幸福。疾病还使 她羡慕健康，可是，也同样使她看见一片被风吹进 房间的树叶而感伤。 2、这种病使她特别敏感不安，她越发急切于抓住 人生不放，似乎是要把人生的甜蜜幸福挤到最后的 一滴而后已。这病使她多么羡慕人家的健康，也使 她多愁善感，见一叶飘零，随风入室，便愁绪满怀， 无以自解 。
二、节奏美（rhythm value）
1）One of my friends is lucky enough to be housed in a building constructed in the age of Henry VIII. Almost every other day, groups of tourists will congregate outside his window, peering in curiously, as if he were part of the history.
2）Only a very slight and very scattering ripples of half-hearted hand-clapping greeted him. 1、欢迎他的只有轻微的、分散的、三心二意的掌 声。 2、欢迎他的只有轻轻的、零零落落的、半心半意 的掌声。 3.欢迎他的掌声非常轻微、零零落落, 听上去半心半 意,毫无热情。
六、口吻美（tone value）
A thousand moustaches can live together, but not four breasts.
七、形象美 (image value)
1）The magic spades of archaeology have given us the whole lost world of Egypt · 译文 1、考古学家们的工作让我们了解整个古埃及 的情况。 2、考古学家手中的魔铲为我们重现了古埃及 失落的世界”。
简析：这一段重在描写男孩的心理活动，翻 译时，把自己当作男孩，和他一起神思飞跃， 得于心而发端于笔，把握其情感的重心，比 如so why should I interfere?这是情感的高潮， 译为“那么，我，为什么要干预？”重点特 出，以示强调。
He was glad that the buck wasg so that he did not have to make a decision to kill it. At his feet, now, were ants trickling back with pink fragments in their mouths, and there was a fresh acid smell in his nose. He sternly controlled the uselessly convulsing muscles of his empty stomach, and reminded himself: the ants must eat too!
1、以前，假如我对一本书真的有了兴趣，我就会 一页一页往下赶，迫切地想知道接下去发生了什么。 现在，我决定我对词汇应该变得像小气鬼一样，并 且拉长每一句句子，就像一个穷人花费他的最后一 美元一样。 2、以前，假如我对一本书真的有了兴趣，就会一 页一页的往下赶，迫切地想知道接下去发生了什么。 现在，我决定对词汇要像守财奴那样，不轻易放过， 也要像穷人过日子，把每个句子，当作身边的最后 一块钱，省吃俭用，慢慢花费”。
A Sunrise on the Veld 草原日出
He ran closer, and again stood still, stopped by a new fear. Around him the grass was whispering and alive. He looked wildly about, then down. The ground was black with ants, great energetic ants that took no notice of him, but hurried and scurried towards the fighting shape, like glistening black water flowing through the grass.
他的脑海中闪过一个念头，开枪结束它的痛苦，于是 他举起了枪，但又放了下来。雄鹿已没有了感知， 它的挣扎只是神经的机械性反抗。但这并非他放下 枪的理由。一种强烈的愤怒、痛苦与抗争之情涌入 他的心头：“假如我没来，它也就是这样死去，那 么，我，为什么要干预？丛林里的事都这样，也总 这样，生命就是这样在延续，活着的在痛苦中死去。 我无法阻止，无法阻止，我也无能为力！”
四、丰润美 (full-grownness value)
1）Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decide, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar.
And, as he drew in his breath and pity and terror seized him, the beast fell and the screaming stopped. Now he could hear nothing but one bird singing, and the sound of the rustling whispering ants. 他凝思片刻，心中充满恐惧与怜悯。此刻， 那动物倒下，停止了尖叫。他所能听到的只 是鸟儿的欢唱和蚂蚁的沙沙声。
翻译与美学
例一： A thousand moustaches can live together, but not four breasts.
千条汉子能相处； 两个婆娘不相容
例三： Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadows slept, or almost slept, upon that water, a gentle quivering alone showing that it was not complete sleep, or if sleep, that it was sleep with dreams.
1、有一位朋友有幸住在一幢亨利八世时代的 古老建筑里，隔三差五窗外就有一批指指点 点的游客，把他当成古董一并参观了。 2、有一位朋友有幸住在一幢亨利八世时代的 古老建筑里，隔三差五，窗外就驻足成批游 客，探头探恼,指指点点，把他，连同这古屋， 一并当古董参观了。
2）In the doorway, lay at least 12 umbrellas of all sizes and colors. 1、在门口至少放着尺寸不同、颜色各异的12 把伞。 2、门口放着一堆雨伞，少说也有12把，五颜 六色，大小不一。
简析：“凑”字展现了男孩的谨慎，他观察 仔细。翻译时，要抓住男孩的神色，对他所 看到的，也要再现入微。
It came into his mind that he could shoot it and end its pain; and he raised the gun. Then he lowered it again. The buck could no longer feel; its fighting was a mechanical protest of the nerves. But it was not that which made him put down the gun. It was a swelling feeling of rage and misery and protest that expressed itself in the thought: if I had not come it would have died like this, so why should I interfere? All over the bush things like this happen; they happen all the time; this is how life goes on, by living things dying in anguish. I can’t stop. I can’t stop it. There is nothing I can do.
五、意境美（artistic conception value）
1）Illness brought her a strange restlessness and made her all the more eager to cling to life and squeeze from it the last drop of happiness. It made her envy health, but it also made her sentimental over a leaf that the wind had blown into her room.
简析：面对可怕的景象，男孩先是迟疑了片 刻（draw in one’s breath 暂停、休息之义）， 翻译时，犹如身临其境，看男孩所看，想男 孩所想。这里三个意象值得注意：尖叫的雄 鹿、欢唱的小鸟和沙沙的蚂蚁，它们形成对 比，相映成趣。
He peered over at the writhing blackness that jerked convulsively with the jerking nerves. It grew quieter. There were small twitched from the mass that still looked vaguely like the shape of a small animal. 他凑过去，凝视着那黑糊糊的家伙，它的神 经还在痉挛性地抽搐着，渐渐地静了下来， 成了微颤的一团，但依稀可见小动物的模样。
渔舟三五，横泊眼前，樯影倒映 水面，仿佛睡去，偶尔微颤，似 未深眠，恍若惊梦。
一、音韵美 (music value)
1）The electronic devices are used in computers as switches that simply turn on and off. 1、这些电子器械在计算机中起着开关的作用， 只是为了打开和关掉。 2、这些电子器械在计算机中起着开关的作用， 只是开开关关而已。