现在完成时讲解及练习(附答案)-名师精讲(新)

现在完成时
先看几个例句：
1. I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间。

2. He hasn’t finished his homework. 他还没完成作业。

3. Have you read this novel ? 你看过这本小说吗？
Yes , I have. 是的，看过了。

No, I haven’t. 不，没看过。

4. We have studied English for two years.
我们已经学了两年英语了。

5. They haven’t seen each other since 1998.
自从1998年他们就没再见过面。

一、构成:
肯定式：主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.
疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?
否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.
例：I have worked here for 3 years.
否定句：
疑问句：
回答：
就划线部分提问：
过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种：
规则变化:
a) 一般情况下，在动词后直接加ed, 如play---played， work---worked，water---watered, finish---finished等;
b) 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, carry-- -carried study---studied等;
c) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed 如: stop---stopped，shop---shopped等。

不规则变化：见一般时当中的不规则动词表点击→不规则动词表
写出下列动词的过去分词：
put--- hear--- come---
make--- hurry--- watch---
swim--- be--- talk---
want--- study--- stop---
take--- see--- like---
二、用法：1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)
They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里
I have had my lunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿
2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,
I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。

She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时
3表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.
I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。

)
I have been there twice.
动词填空：
1._____ you ________(clean) the room?
Yes, we __________(do) that already.
When _______ you ______(do) it?
We _______(do) it an hour ago.
2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it?
He ______ it last week.
3. How many times _____you______(be) there?
三、标志词
◆常与①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just,
⑤yet, ⑥before, ⑦up to now, ⑧so far,
⑨for the last few weeks ⑾since ⑿for a long time/for
标志词的区别
1.for +一段时间
Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks.
He’s studied English for 3 years.
2. since +(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/从句(一般过去时)
Eg. I have been here since 2000.
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用how long, 决不能用when.
How long have you lived here?
Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.
注3): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用, 当然也不能用于how long引导的问句中Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years.
(正)I have been away there for 5 years.
选用for和since填空:
1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years.
6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。

•He has already left here.
他已经离开这里了。

•Has he already left here?
他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）
•My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet.
我的老师们还没有吃早饭。

•Have you written to your parents yet?
你已经给你父母写过信了吗？
b）never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”
•We have never been to the Great Wall.
我们从来没有去过长城。

•Have you ever been to Canada?
你们曾经去过加拿大吗？
c. just用于句中, 表示“刚刚”
Eg. I’ve just had breakfast.
What have they just done?
d. before在现在完成时中的用法
用于句末, 表示“以前”
Eg. I’ve seen it before.
四、短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：
①become, ②begin, ③buy, ④borrow,
⑤come (go, arrive), ⑥die, ⑦finish, ⑧join, ⑨leave,
●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。

become →be, begin→have ,
borrow →keep, buy →have,
come (go, arrive, get) →be here/there/in…，
die→be dead, finish→be over,
join→be in …（be a member of … ）
leave→be away ( from…),
五、与一般过去时的用法比较
1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。

eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。

He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。

H第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。

H第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强
调说明。

2．常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:
yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天),
just now(刚才)，时间+ ago, last +时间等;
eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.
We finished our task last week .
六、完成时辨析
)have/has gone to，have/has been to和have/has been in的区别
have/has gone to: 表示某人已经去了某地现在还没回来, 可能现在正在某地或者正在去那里或回来的路上. have/has been to: 表示某人曾经去过某地, 但现在己经不在某地.
Have/has been in:某人在某地
1.Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.
2.Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.
3.______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never.
4.Where _____ you ______ these days?
5.Has Jim arrived yet?
Yes, he _______ here for several days.
6.Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________.
7.Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ?
Li Lei is looking for you.
完成时练习
4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting.
5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes.
How ______ she _______(go) there?
She _______(go) there by air.
6. So far, many countries _______________(develop)
their software programs.
7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year.
8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year.
、翻译下列句子：
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。

3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。

4. 他已经吃过午饭了。

5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
6. 我哥哥还没回来。

7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影。

8. 自从1992年他住在这里。

9.这本字典我已买了三年了。

10.他离开中国三年了
1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?
2.I have lost my Chinese book.
3 I have never been to that park. 4.He has already had lunch.
5 Have you seen this movie yet?
6 My brother has not returned.
7 I have seen this movie since last week. 8 He has lived here since 1992.
9 I have had this dictionary for three years. 10 He has been away China for three years.
一、用所给词的正确形式填空
1. Wei Fang isn't here. She______（go）to the reading room.
2. Zhang Hong ______（make）many friends since she came to Paris.
3. She _______（work）in this factory for ten years.
4. They ______（not hear）from each other since 199
5.
5. —___________ you ___________（finish）your homework yet?
—No, not yet.
6. — Where is Jim?
—He ______（go）to Canada.
7. How long ______you______（be）at this school?
8. I_______（have）breakfast already.
9. She ______（study）English for three years.
10. I _______ never_______ （see）such a wonderful match before。

11．He hasn't ______ (see) the film. He is really looking forward to seeing it.
12.I ____(be) to Shanghai for several time.
13、---_____you _____(be) to Beijing? ---yes, I have.
14、Her parents __________(not write) to her since they left.
15、How long have you ______(teach) English in school?
现在完成时
基础题
1. How long have you _____ here?
A. come
B. got
C. arrived
D. been
2. My grandpa died _____ .
A. at the age of my 2
B. for 2 years
C. when I was 2
D. my age was 6
3. Jane has _____ to Beijing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been
B. gone
C. went
D. never been
4. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after
B. since
C. for
D. that
5. The Smiths _____ in China for 8 years.
A. has lived
B. lived
C. have been
D. live
6. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
--Sorry. He _____ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to
B. has gone to
C. went to
D. will go to
7. _____ reading the book yet?
A. Have you finished
B. Were you finishing
C. Had you finished
D. Are you finishing
8. Our team _____ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.
A. was winning
B. has won
C. had won
D. wins
9. I shall tell you what he ____at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
A. has done
B. has been done
C. had been doing
D. was doing
10. I _____ my homework now.
A. finish
B. finished
C. have finished
D. had finished
11. The evening party _____ .You are a little late.
A. just began
B. just has begun
C. has just begun
D. has begun just now
12. The dog is still wet. It _____ out of the rain.
A. only just comes
B. has only just coming
C. was only just come
D. has only just come
13. I _____ this radio for two years.
A. used
B. use
C. have used
D. am used
14. I _____ from my brother for a long time.
A. not have heard
B. have not heard
C. have heard not
D. do not hear
15. I _____ a college student for more than a year.
A. became
B. have become
C. was
D. have been
16. He _____ home for nearly three weeks.
A. has gone away from
B. has left
C. has been away from
D. went away from
17. --Did your brother go to America last year?
-- _____ .
A. No, he has never go there
B. No, he has never gone here
C. No, he never was there
D. No, he’s never been there
18. My uncle _____ in that factory since 1958.
A. worked
B. had worked
C. is working
D. has worked
19. I _____ her since she was a little girl.
A. knew
B. know
C. had known
D. have known
20. His grandfather _____ for thirty years.
A. died
B. was dead
C. has been dead
D. has died
提高题
1. --Who will go to the station to meet Lorry?
--I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met
B. have met
C. had met
D. will meet
2. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?
--Just 2 weeks.
A. will; buy
B. did; buy
C. are; having
D. have; had
3.--Do you know Lydia very well?
--Yes, She and I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made
B. have become
C. have been
D. have turned
4. --____ you ever _____ to the US?
-- Yes, twice.
A. Have; gone
B. Have; been C, Do; go D. were; going
5. Since you don’t want to go, I _____ alone.
A. will go
B. go
C. went
D. have gone
6. He _____ in Shanghai in 196o.
A. lives
B. lived
C. has lived
D. is living
7. Robert _____ in England a few weeks ago.
A. arrives
B. has arrived
C. could arrive
D. arrived
8. How long _____ in Fujian?
A. has he arrived
B. did he arrive
C. has he been
D. arrived
9. Jack _____ a letter to his parents recently.
A. writes
B. wrote
C. write
D. has written
10.She has been here _____ .
A. after 1978
B. for 1978
C. in 1978
D. since 1978
11. --How long _____ you ____a cold?
--Ever since last night.
A. have; got
B. have; had
C. have; caught
D. did; have
12. She _____ Mr. White for two years.
A. has married
B. has married to
C. has been married with
D. has been married to
13. --Nice to see you. I _____ you for a long time.
--I _____ in Beijing. I’ve just come back.
A. hadn’t seen; am
B. haven’t seen; was
C. didn’t see; will be
D. haven’t seen; shall be
14. How long have you _____ your parents?
A. heard from
B. got the letter from
C. had the letter from
D. received the letter from
15. --Do you know Jack well?
--Certainly. We _____ friends for about ten years.
A. were
B. have been
C. have become
D. have made
16. Lily with her parents _____ the Greener China since two years ago.
A. have joined
B. has joined
C. has been in
D. have been in
17. -- _____ have you been a green volunteer?
--For more than three years.
A. How often
B. How long
C. How soon
D. How much
18. --How long have you _____ the football team of the school?
--About two years.
A. been on
B. been at
C. joined
D. played
19. --Let’s go to the Great Wall next Sunday.
--We’d better not. We _____ there three times.
A. have been
B. are going
C. have gone
D. will go
20. Not only his parents but also his brother _____ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.
A. have been
B. have gone
C. has been
D. has gone
中考题
1. --Are you going to the bank, Laura?
--No, I _____ to the bank already.【2011江苏徐州】
A. have been
B. have gone
C. am going
D. had been
2. So far this year, many new houses _____ in Wenchuan with the help of the government.【2011四川资阳】
A. build
B. are built
C. will build
D. have been built
3. My grandmother _____ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.【2011天津】
A. sees
B. can see
C. will see
D. has seen
4. I _____ many new friends since I came here. 【2011贵州毕节】
A. make
B. made
C. will make
D. have made
5. --Why won't you go to the movie with me, Gina?
--Because I _____ it twice.【2011襄阳】
A. see
B. have seen
C. saw
D. will see
6. --Where's your father, Tom?
--He _____ to Changsha.【2011湖南永州】
A. goes
B. went
C. has gone
7. Mr. White came to our school in 2001 , and since then he _____ us English.【2011盐城】
A. teaches
B. taught
C. has taught
D. will teach
8. --China develops so fast.
--That's true. It _____ a lot already. 【2011安徽芜湖】
A. changes
B. changed
C. will change
D. has changed
9. --May I speak to Mary?
--Sorry, she isn't in. She _____ to Japan and will come back in two weeks.【2011湖南衡阳】
A. has been
B. has gone
C. is going
10. --Are Li Yan and Wang Mei still living in Pingba?
--No, they _____ to Shanghai.【2011贵州安顺】
A. had moved
B. moved
C. will move
D. have moved
11. Mr. Fan _____ this watch in 1999. He _____ it for 6 years. 【2011泸州市】
A .bought; has had B. bought; has C. has bought; has had D. has bought; had
12. Mrs. Weng came back from France in 2008. She _____ there for four years.【2011福建莆田】
A. works
B. worked
C. has worked
13. I _____ my hometown for a long time, I really miss it!【2011重庆】
A. left
B. went away from
C. have left
D. have been away from
14. --Where is John?
--He _____ the science lab.【2011广安市】
A. has gone to
B. has been to
C. went to
15. -- How do you like your English teacher?
-- He is great. We _____ friends since three years ago.【2011兰州】
A. were
B. have made
C. have been
D. have become
16. --Hi, guys. Where are you heading now?
--Home. We _____ all our money, so we have to walk home now.【2011山东威海】
A. spend
B. spent
C. have spent
D. are spending
17. -- _____ you _____ the movie Gongfu Panda II?【2011四川内江】
-- Not yet. I’ll see it this Sun day.
A. Did; see
B. Do; see
C. Have; seen
18. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet.【2011安徽】
A. didn't arrive
B. doesn't arrive
C. isn't arriving
D. hasn't arrived
19. -- Have you ever been to Nanning?
-- Yes, _____ .【2011桂林】
A. I was
B. I do
C. I am
D. I have
20. I _____ my homework, I guess I can't join you.【2011河北省】
A. don't finish
B. didn't finish
C. haven't finished
D. won't finish
现在完成时答案
基础题1-5 DCBBC 6-10 BABAC 11-15 CDCBD 16-20 CDDDC
提高题1-5 BDCBA 6-10 BDCDD 11-15 BCBAB 16-20 CBAAD
中考题1-5 ADDDB 6-10 CCDBD 11-15 ACDAC 16-20 CCDDC
不规则动词巧记表
AAA型过去式、过去分词与原形一致
原形过去式过去分词词义
cut cut cut 切、割
shut shut shut 关、闭（门窗）
put put put 放置
let let let 让
set set set 设置
hit hit hit 撞击
hurt hurt hurt 受伤；疼痛
cost cost cost 值…钱；花费
read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] 朗读；阅读AAB型过去式与原形一致
beat beat beaten 击败
ABA型过去分词与原形一
run ran run 跑步；逃跑
come came come 来
become became become 变得；成为
ABB型过去式与过去分词一致
buy bought bought 买
fight fought fought 打架；打仗
think thought thought 想；认为
seek sought sought 寻找；探究
bring brought brought 带来
catch caught caught 抓住；接住
teach taught taught 教；教书
lend lent lent 借出
send sent sent 送；派遣
spend spent spent 花费（时间、金钱）
build built built 建设；建立
feel felt felt 感觉；摸起来
leave left left 离开
keep kept kept 保持；保留
sleep slept slept 睡觉
oversleep overslept overslept 睡过头
sweep swept swept 打扫
mean [mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] 意思是learn learnt / learned learnt /learned 学；学会burn burnt / burned burnt / burned 燃烧；烧伤
hear [hiE] heard [hE:d] heard [hE:d] 听见
lead led led 领导；致使mislead misled misled 把…引错方向feed fed fed 喂养；喂食
flee fled fled 逃跑
meet met met 遇见；碰到shoot shot shot 射击
light lit / lighted lit / lighted 点燃
get got got 获得；得到
win won won 获胜；赢得
sit sat sat 坐下
dig dug dug 挖掘
stick stuck stuck 刺；戳
hang hung hung 悬挂
hang hanged hanged 绞死
sell sold sold 出售
tell told told 告诉
smell smelt smelt 闻；嗅
spell spelt spelt 拼写
hold held held 拿着；握住
find found found 找到；发现
stand stood stood 站立understand understood understood 理解
lay laid laid 下蛋
pay paid paid 付款
say [sei] said [sed] said [sed] 说
have /has had had 有
make made made 制作
shine shone / shined shone / shined 照耀lose [lu:z] lost [lRst] lost [lRst] 丢失
ABC型原形、过去式、过去分词不一致
begin began begun 开始
drink drank drunk 喝；饮
ring rang rung 铃（响）；打电话sing sang sung 唱歌
sink sank sunk 下沉
swim swam swum 游泳
blow blew blown 吹；刮风
fly flew flown 飞；放（风筝）know knew [nju:] known 知道；懂得grow grew grown 种植；生长throw threw thrown 扔；投
draw drew drawn 绘画
show showed shown 出示；给…看break broke broken 打破；不服从speak spoke spoken 说话
steal stole stolen 偷
choose chose chosen 选择
freeze froze frozen 冻结
wake woke woke / woken 醒来；唤醒forget forgot forgotten 忘记
take took taken 拿走
mistake mistook mistaken 错拿shake shook shaken 摇动；握（手）eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下；摔倒
rise rose risen [rizn] 上升；上涨drive drove driven [drivn] 驾驶give gave given 给
forgive forgave forgiven 原谅
see saw seen 看见
ride rode ridden 骑（车、马）hide hid hidden 躲藏
bite bit bitten 咬
forbid forbade / forbad forbidden 禁止；不许write wrote written 书写
bear bore born 忍受
tear tore torn 撕破
wear wore worn 穿、戴（衣帽等）
am / is was been 是
are were been 是
do / does did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺；卧。