英语国家概况American_History课件

Baidu Nhomakorabea
The History of Immigration America Colonial period the Declaration of Independence The American Civil War
Major English-Speaking Countries: A Survey
the Declaration of Independence
Finally, in 1775, skirmishes(小 规模战斗；小冲突 )broke out in Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. In 1776, Thomas Paine(托马 斯· 潘恩 ) rallied colonists with a pamphlet called Common Sense, It argued for independence from British rule.
pilgrim father


The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World. There were a number of features which would play a role in forming the American character. They were :representative of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.
Before they set foot on the new land, the Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact, in which they promised to obey the rules and laws of the colony.
Over the next century or so, Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay Colony were joined by other colonies, including Pennsylvania, settled largely by Quakers fleeing persecution in England; Connecticut, established by a man fleeing persecution by the Puritans in Massachusetts; Maryland, which the English king granted to an English Catholic named Lord Baltimore; and Georgia, which had been established for English debtors(债务人) .

《独立宣言》是由托马斯。 杰文逊起草的，它明确阐述 了支撑这场革命的政治理论， 这一理论来源于英国著名哲 学家约翰。洛克。
Over the next five years, General George Washington led the Americans against the British. In 1783. England officially recognized American independence in the Treaty of Paris, negotiated by Benjamin Franklin and others. 1783年9月簦订《巴黎和约》，英正 式承认美国独立。

Another settlement occurred in 1620 when the Puritans, English Protestants who opposed the Church of England, traveled across the Atlantic Ocean on the Mayflower.
Immigration has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of American history. The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused controversy regarding ethnicity, religion, economic benefits, job growth, settlement patterns, environmental impact, impact on upward social mobility （上进心,向上倾向） , levels of criminality, nationalities, political loyalties, moral values, and work habits.
Immigrants arriving at Ellis Island, 1902


Starting in the late 16th century, the English, Scottish, French, Swedes, Germans and the Dutch began to colonize eastern North America. From the establishment of Jamestown to the Treaty of Paris and to some extent even afterward, American culture strongly resembled British culture.
The Statue of Liberty was a common sight to many immigrants who entered the United States through Ellis Island
The History of Immigration At the 1998 commencement address（毕业典礼） at Portland（波特兰，美国俄勒冈西北部港市) State University, U.S. president Bill Clinton voiced support for immigrants, including immigrants from Asia and Latin America when he said that：
Pilgrims signing the Mayflower Compact aboard ship, 1620. (Library of Congress)
They landed in New England and established the Plymouth settlement. Also known as Pilgrims, they came to America seeking religious freedom rather than economic gain.
By the 1760s, England and its 13 American colonies were quarreling over settlement, government, and taxes, especially those imposed by the Stamp Act(印花税法案) of 1765.
"America has constantly drawn strength and spirit from wave after wave of immigrants...They have proved to be the most restless, the most adventurous, the most innovative, the most industrious of people.
Detail from a painting by American artist Benjamin West , which depicts William Penn's treaty with the Native Americans living where he founded the colony of Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers and others seeking religious freedom. (Courtesy The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts)
Lecture 2 The history of the USA
AMERICAN BEGINNINGS
1.Discovery of America 2.Puritanism清教,清教徒主义 3.The Pilgrim Fathers 4.The influence of Puritanism on American culture 5.The causes and major leaders of the American Revolution 6.The Declaration of Independence


The Declaration of Independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. The Declaration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.

殖民主义者新生活方式的这 些特点在美国人性格形成中 发挥了重要作用：建立代议 制政府，法治，对个人权利 的尊重，宗教上的宽容及强 烈的个人进取心。
America Colonial period
In 1607, some 100 men and boys sailing from England landed in present-day Virginia and founded Jamestown,the first permanent British settlement. It later grew into the Virginia colony. Inspired by the success of Spanish explorers who had found gold in South America, these adventurers hoped to get rich. The English merchants who organized the Jamestown colonists expected prosperity or wealth from the venture. They were particularly interested in sources of gold. Not finding great fortune and treasures, the colonists began growing tobacco by 1612 for shipment back to England. Tobacco provided a steady economic base for the young settlement.