英语国家概况美国部分
英语国家概况-美国
States
❖original 48 states ❖Alaska and Hawaii became the 49th in 1867
and 50th states in 1959.
▪ Alaska borders on northwestern Canada
Alaska (阿拉斯加地区)
Hawaii (夏威夷地区)
New England
❖including six states in the northeastern corner
❖featured with mountains, valleys and rivers
❖Massachusetts: the largest population ❖Rhode Island: the smallest in size,
the most densely populated state
❖Not a farming area, poor soil ❖Earliest settlers: English
1. Three Geographical Divisions
Eastern part
Central part
Geographical Divisions
Western part
The Eastern Part
❖The eastern part—the highlands formed by the Appalachian Range (阿巴 拉挈亚山系). ▪ one sixth of the national territory ▪ relatively low, with an average altitude of 800 meters above sea level
(完整word版)英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)(word文档良心出品)
第三大题Chapter 81.How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small po pulation .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely popul ated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 2 0% of the nation’s population.2.Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were wil ling to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.Chapter 91.Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countr ies were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to pr ovide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Ja panese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3.What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in or der to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be el iminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of busine ss.Chapter 101.What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2.What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. ci tizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a)to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd)may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and empha size full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong so cial security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the govern ment control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete govern ment social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.Chapter 111.What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a va riety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regi onal patterns of development in America had become clear.2.How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . nor thern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahe ad.3.Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only adv ance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relations hip with other nations.Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2.What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3.What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successfu l or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4.What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1 620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebrati on to thank god and the native Americans.第四大题Chapter 81．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.The immigrants came in wa ves,including the Europeans,the Africans and the Asians.Therefore,America is described as a"melting pot"where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture.Rece ntly,America has been called a"salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic group s mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolera nt toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respe ct each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At t he same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributi ng to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the develo pment of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners d emanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase ch eaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, America ns continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America grea tly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the Americanelection?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for preside ncy.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage isonly a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first st age is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War.He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reli able anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.The CIA helped topple the govern ments of Iran and Guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia.In addition,E isenhower used U.S.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S.Constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or "common"market.There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.It provided thatthe federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weight s and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual propert y",a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thce ntury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic dev elopment.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in Ame rican history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Beside s,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American eco nomy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned a bove helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the interven tion of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation andstimulated economic growth.Chapter 121.What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possi ble .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control .The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conc eive new ways to understand what is already known .2.How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.Curre nt textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.Struggle fo r equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer stud ents opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
英美概况--美国篇(终于找到了美国篇的全文)
英语国家概况第十三章美国地理位置Geography1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。
阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。
（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能）2。
The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。
3.Of all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。
4。
The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the Continental Divide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。
5。
The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast.阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。
英语国家概况——美国篇
Los Angeles
the second largest city
4 times larger in area than San Francisco
Important electronic center
atomic research center
industry—tires, automobiles & aircrafts
(1)
the eastern part
(2)
(3)
the western part
the Great Plains
——five
Great Lakes
River
——Mississippi
——
The Great Lakes (freshwater) Lake Superior Lake Huron Lake Erie Lake Ontario Lake Michigan Niagara Falls between Lake Erie & Lake Ontario on U.S.- Can. navigation linkage of many industrial areas
50 states mainland - 48 states detached territory - Alaska offshore islands - Hawaii Washington D.C. a federal district of Columbia
Three distinct areas
——
The Mississippi River (the father of waters) longest in North America originate from the Lake Itasca (in MN) to the Gulf of Mexico 3780km long 3 million skm of drainage area
英语国家概况美国部分精讲2
Chapter 17 American History(III) in post-W.W.II Era(1945-1980S)[被屏蔽广告]必背细节1. On Feb 22,1946,George Kennan, a high-ranking official in the American embassy to Moscow, wrote in the telegram that the U.S.policy should be vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. Later the containment policy became the official policy towards the Soviet Union.1946年2月22日，美国驻苏联大使乔治。
凯南在他的电报中主张对苏联采取遏制政策。
2．The open declaration of the containment policy was made by President Truman on March 12,1949 in a speech to the joint session of congress.1949年3月12日杜鲁门总统在国会联席会议上公开宣布了遏制政策。
3．In order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the U.S.decided to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the Marshall plan.为了保护西欧不受苏联扩张影响，美国决定给予西欧国家经济支援，此举后来被称作"马歇尔计划。
"4．The North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed on April 4,1949,marked the beginning of U.S.efforts in setting up a military alliance around the Soviet Union and its allies.美国于1949年4月4日签订的北大西洋公约标志着美国开始致力于在苏联及其盟国周围建立军事同盟。
英语国家概况精讲之必背美国篇
英语国家概况精讲：第十四章美国人口种族chapter 14：population.Race and Ethnic groups必背细节1.The United States of America is the third most populous county in the world after Chind and India.美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度。
2。
Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth,The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigtants from independence until 1960s.Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.19世纪末20世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接待点。
3。
Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992.Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.如今美国移民的80%到90%主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家。
4。
Arizona,Nevada,and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州。
英语国家概况-美国部分【清晰完整版】
Chapter 13 geography 地理位置I. Location and size1. The full name of the United States is the United States of America. The continental United States lies in central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its west.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in America. Alaska borders on northwestern Canada and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。
阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。
2. The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。
3. Of all states of American, Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。
英语国家概况美国部分精讲2
Chapter 17 American History(III) in post-W.W.II Era(1945-1980S)[被屏蔽广告]必背细节1. On Feb 22,1946,George Kennan, a high-ranking official in the American embassy to Moscow, wrote in the telegram that the U.S.policy should be vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. Later the containment policy became the official policy towards the Soviet Union.1946年2月22日，美国驻苏联大使乔治。
凯南在他的电报中主张对苏联采取遏制政策。
2．The open declaration of the containment policy was made by President Truman on March 12,1949 in a speech to the joint session of congress.1949年3月12日杜鲁门总统在国会联席会议上公开宣布了遏制政策。
3．In order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the U.S.decided to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the Marshall plan.为了保护西欧不受苏联扩张影响，美国决定给予西欧国家经济支援，此举后来被称作"马歇尔计划。
"4．The North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed on April 4,1949,marked the beginning of U.S.efforts in setting up a military alliance around the Soviet Union and its allies.美国于1949年4月4日签订的北大西洋公约标志着美国开始致力于在苏联及其盟国周围建立军事同盟。
国家概况--美国部分.doc
英语国家概况第十三章美国地理位置GeographyChapter: 13 geography 地理位置1.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American.Alaska northwestern Canada,and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。
阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。
（本细节还有考“一句话简答”的可能）2。
The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometres.It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia,Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。
3.Of all states of American,Alaska is the lagest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。
4。
The Rockies,the backbone of the North American Continent,is also known as the Continental Divide.落基山脉是北美大陆的脊梁，也被成为大陆分水岭。
5。
The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast.阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉是美国的两座大山脉。
英语国家概况-美国部分【清晰完整版】
Chapter 13 geography 地理位置I. Location and size1. The full name of the United States is the United States of America. The continental United States lies in central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its west.Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in America. Alaska borders on northwestern Canada and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.阿拉斯加和夏威夷是最近加入美国的两个新州。
阿拉斯加在加拿大的西北部，夏威夷位邻中太平洋。
2. The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.就面积而言，美国是世界第四大国，就人口而言，美国是世界是第三大国。
3. Of all states of American, Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.所有州中，阿拉斯加是面积最大的州，罗得岛最小，在美国大陆，最大的州是得克萨斯州。
英语国家概况 美国
美国部分Ⅰ. 地理位置和面积美国的全称是美利坚合众国。
我们通常简称它为美国。
美国大陆位于北美洲中部, 北接加拿大, 南邻墨西哥和墨西哥湾, 东临大西洋, 西濒太平洋。
两最近加入的州是阿拉斯加和夏威夷, 都远离美国大陆: 阿拉斯加与加拿大西北接界。
夏威夷位于太平洋中部。
美国的地理位置对发展贸易很理想。
它的大西洋海岸与西欧的发达国家隔海相望, 由太平洋海岸和夏威夷可通向远东和澳大利亚。
过去, 大西洋和太平洋是隔断美国与外界的天然屏障, 使美国免受外界干扰不断地发展壮大起来。
如今, 由于通讯和交通手段的发达, 世界显得越来越小, 美国与世界各地的联系也越发紧密。
美国陆地面积为930 万平方公里。
南北向长2575 公里, 东西向宽4500 公里。
就面积而言, 美国是世界第四大国, 仅次于俄罗斯、加拿大和中国。
美国是由许多州组成的联邦共和国。
在很长一段时间内, 美国只有48 个州。
1959 年,阿拉斯加和夏威夷加入联邦成为第49 和第50 个州。
在50 个州中, 阿拉斯加的面积最大, 罗得岛( 罗德艾兰) 则是最小的。
但是在美国大陆上, 得克萨斯州面积最大。
仅得克萨斯就比法国大, 而阿拉斯加的面积相当于得克萨斯州的两倍。
Ⅱ. 地形———地貌1. 山脉要想从大西洋沿岸的特拉华到太平洋沿岸加利福尼亚洲的旧金山, 你得翻越两座大山脉———阿巴拉契亚山脉和落基山脉。
这两座山脉大体上是南北走向, 但更确切地讲, 阿巴拉契亚山脉有点西南—东北走向, 而落基山脉微呈东西—西北走向。
由于阿巴拉契亚山脉形成较早, 受风雨侵蚀已超过数百万年,而落基山脉还比较年轻, 所以落基山比阿巴拉契亚山高。
实际上, 落基山脉被认为和中国的喜马拉雅山脉一样年轻, 它们同年龄。
阿巴拉契亚山脉的最高峰只有2000 多米, 而落基山脉的最高峰—阿尔贝特峰却高达4500 米。
阿巴拉契亚山脉在不同地区被当地人起了不同的名称: 在新英格兰被称为格林( 绿色) 山脉和怀特( 白色) 山脉; 在纽约被称为卡茨基尔山脉; 在东部海岸被叫作阿勒格尼山脉; 在肯塔基和部分田纳西它又叫坎伯兰山脉;在弗吉尼亚和卡罗来纳它称为蓝岑山脉; 在田纳西和北卡罗来纳的交界处又叫大雾山脉。
英语国家概况美国篇
24.88%（79th）
46%
12%
Oil producing countries
petroleum
Proved crude Consump- Import
oil reserves tion
rananking
2014)
Export ranking
US 37 (11th)
22.2%
3.1 (12th) 1.3%
3%
0.29
0.2%
2.9%
Coal 2009
US China UK
Proved reserves (million tons)
237,295 (1st)
114,500 (4th)
191
Share of Annual Annual
total
production consump-
Mount McKinley (Alaska, 6,194m)
Major rivers
• Missouri: 4,128 km, longest • Mississippi: 3,766 km, largest • Ohio: 1,580 km, tributary of Missi. • Tennessee: 1,049 km, tributary of Ohio • Colorado • Columbia
Niagara Waterfall
Rocky mountains
Central US: The Great Plains
Mt. Everest, 8,848m
From topography to natural resources 地形地貌——自然资源
• land resources: arable land, pasture (grassland), woodland, forestry, seas and oceans (fishery), continental shelf.土地资源：可耕地、畜牧草地、林 地、森林、海洋（渔业）、大陆架
英语国家概况-美国Unit 1 America
❖ In the center of the seal is an bald eagle, national bird. It holds in its beak a scroll inscribed E pluribus unum, which is Latin meaning "out of many, one" and stands for one nation that was created from 13 colonies. In one claw is an olive branch, while the other holds a bundle of thirteen arrows. The olive branch and arrows "denote the power of peace and war."
Do you see a pattern of thirteen in the Great Seal?
❖ 13 stars in the crest above the eagle
❖ 13 stripes in the shield upon the eagle's breast
❖ 13 arrows in the eagle's left claw
❖The seal's reverse side is sometimes referred to as the spiritual side. It contains a 13-step pyramid with the year 1776 in Roman numerals at the base. At the top of the pyramid is the Eye of Providence and above is the motto Annuit Coeptis, meaning "It [the Eye of Providence] is favorable to our undertakings" or "He favors our undertakings." Below the pyramid, a scroll reads, Novus Ordo Seclorum, meaning "New Order of the Ages." It refers to 1776 as the beginning of the American new era.
《英语国家概况》各章节概要知识点——美国部分
《英语国家概况》各章节概要知识点——美国部分1. Population, Race and Ethnic Groups 人口与民族世界第三人口大国，20世纪90年代人口增长更加迅速，将来60年还将迅猛增加。
预计将从1992年的25，550万，增加到2000年的27，500万。
移民是人口增长的主要来源，基本开放的移民政策。
现在多数移民来自亚洲和拉丁美洲。
城市化高，最大的城市：纽约，洛杉矶，芝加哥，旧金山，费城。
1946-1964是生育高峰，20世纪80年代人口老龄化趋势。
美国是移民国家。
第一批移民来自英国和荷兰，为了逃避宗教迫害，寻求更好的生活，契约劳工。
三次移民浪潮：第一次移民浪潮始于1805年，1845年到达高峰，许多爱尔兰人迁入。
第二次移民浪潮从1860-1890。
第三次移民浪潮从1890-1914，是最大的一次。
来自奥匈帝国，意大利，俄国，希腊，罗马尼亚和土耳其。
Characteristics of the American population 美国人口的特征流动性。
四次大规模的人口流动：第一次从内战结束到1880年，西进运动。
从东海岸向西部迁移。
第二次从1890-1920年，随着工业化和城市化的实现，人口从农村涌向城市。
第三次从1920-1960年，大批黑人离开南方涌入外地。
第四次从60年代至今，从东北部向西南部的阳光地带迁移。
Black people and the Civil Rights Movement 黑人与民权运动黑人是美国人口最多的少数民族。
自1619年作为奴隶贩运到北美洲，集中在南部农业区，生活悲惨。
代表小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》和《根》。
1863年林肯的《解放奴隶宣言》和1865《宪法》第13条修正案正式结束了奴隶制，但仍存在歧视。
1954年布朗诉教育委员会一案，开始了漫长的废除种族隔离的进程。
60年代爆发民权运动。
1964年通过《民权法案》，1965年通过《选举权法案》。
英语国家概况美国篇(课堂PPT)
RI
Columbia U.
NY city NY
Cornell U.
NY
Dartmouth College NH
Harvard U.
MA
U. of Pennsylvania PA
Princeton U.
NJ
Yale U.
(1) the eastern part (2) the western part (3) the Great Plains
——five Great Lakes ——Mississippi River
4
5
—— The Great Lakes (freshwater) Lake Superior Lake Huron Lake Erie Lake Ontario Lake Michigan Niagara Falls between Lake Erie & Lake Ontario on U.S.- Can. navigation linkage of many industrial areas
Location
mainland: in the central part of North America
Alaska: border northwestern Canada 1959, 49th state
Hawaii: in the central Pacific Ocean 1959, 50th state
6
—— The Mississippi River (the father of waters)
longest in North America originate from the Lake Itasca (in MN)
英语国家概况美国篇期末
英语国家概况美国篇期末Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#The United States of AmericaPart 1The Country and The American IdentityCommon-sense Knowledge1、全称：The United States of America (美利坚合众国)2、简称： the United States; the .; America.3、National Anthem：《星条旗永不落》 "The Star-Spangled Banner（同时可以叫做国旗）"1931年被美国国会正式定为国歌。
4、National Flower：Rose5、Jet lag: About 16 hours (west of America), and 13 hours (east of America).（了解）6、The Capital: Washington .为纪念美国国父乔治-华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布Christophe而定名7、绰号：山姆大叔（Uncle Sam）Location1、Canada on the north； Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south ；Atlantic Ocean on the east； Pacific Ocean on the west.2、The largest country in the world：Russia，Canada， China，America，brazil，Australia.3、50 states in totalAlaska—the largest ；Rhode Island (罗德岛州)—the smallest ；Texas（德克萨斯州）—the largest on the mainland4、着名城市Boston是Massachusetts 马萨诸塞州的首府5、两边两座山，中间一条河。
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11. On the Christmas Day of 1776, the Americans defeated the British troops at Trenton, New Jersey. Not long afterwards, the Americans troops defeated the British at Saratoga in Northern New York. This was a great turning point of the War of Independence, leading directly to an alliance between the U.S and France. 1766年的圣诞节，美军在新泽西的特伦顿挫败英军，这之后不久，美军在萨拉托加击败英军，史称“萨拉托加大捷”这次胜利被认为是北美独立战争的转折点，并直接导致美法联军的建立。
5. The slave system was formally ended by Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865.
6. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States is the blacks who number about 12.1% of the population. The first blacks were brought to North America as slaves in 1619. 美国人口最多的少数民族是黑人，大约占总人口的12.1%，第一批黑人作为奴隶于1619年运抵北美。
6. The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World. There were a number of features which would play a role in forming the American character. They were :representative form of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.殖民主义者新生活方式的这些特点在美国人性格形成中发挥了重要作用：建立代义制政府，法治，对个人权利的尊重，宗教上的宽容及强烈的个人进取心。
英语国家概况美国部分
Chapter 14 Population, Race and Ethnic Groups
1. The first immigrants in American history came from England and Netherlands.
2. By the year 2050, the population is expected to climb to 383 million, a 50% increase.
17. The U.S. went to war with Britain in 1812, the last war fought between these two countries.英美最后一次交火是1812的英美战争。
18. During the 13 years of Indian wars after the War of Independence, the Americans forced England to give up the Old Northwest and they forced Spain to open the Mississippi river. Their crossing of the Mississippi helped persuade Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. In 1853,in the Gadsden Purchase another 30000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S. 在独战后十三的印第安战争中，美国人适使英国放弃了旧西北地区，使西班牙开放密西西比河，促使拿破伦把路易斯字那志给美国，在1853年的加兹登购买中，另外的3万平方米的墨西哥土地也为美国领土。
15. The Federalist Papers are regarded as the best explanation of the constitution as well as one of the most important works on political theory. <联邦文集》被认为是对美国宪法最好的解释，也是美国最重要的政治理论著作之一。
16. The first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution, which was called the Bill of Rights, adopted in 1791 which promise to protect individual's rights. 成为宪法的前十条修正案被称为《人权法案》。
12. In September, 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, Britain recognized the independence of the U.S.1783年9月簦订《巴黎和约》，英正式承认美国独立。
13. The American War of Independence shows that, in a just war, a weak nation can defeat a strong one.
4. The Puritans wanted to purity the Church of England.
5. From 1630 to 1643, some 200 ships transported over 20000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony. 约有200艘船把2万英国人抵马萨者萨弯殖民地。
7. In September 1744, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia which encouraged American to refuse to buy British goods.
8. The British soldiers arrived at Lexingad begun.
14. The Articles of Confederation provided for no king. But weaknesses: without someone to do the executive’s job, the other one is Congress has no power to raise taxes.
9. The Second Continent Congress was held in Philadelphia.
10. The Declaration of Independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. The Declaration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke. 《独立宣言》是由托马斯?杰文逊起草的，它明确阐述了支撑这场革命的政治理论，这一理论来源于英国著名哲学家约翰?洛克。
2. The "first Americans" were the Indians. The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North American. “最早的美国人”是印地安人，英国于1607年在美国建立了第一块殖民地，即在弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯，1607-1733年间，英国在北美洲的东海岸建立了十三个殖民地:Virginia，Maine，New Hampshire，Massachusetts，Connecticut，New York，Rhode Island，Maryland，North Carolina，South Carolina，New Jersey，Pennsylvania and Georgia.
3. About 77% of the population in the United States lived in more than 283 city areas in 1988.
4. Mobility (one the move) is the one of the characteristics of the American people.