Gutenberg约翰古登堡 英文

• Michael Hart ，he thinks • Free literature, and the freedom of thought and freedom of expression it fosters, is key to growth of literacy and opportunity .
Later life
• In 1462, during a conflict between two archbishops, Gutenberg was exiled • In January 1465, Gutenberg's achievements were recognized. • Gutenberg died in 1468 and was buried in the Franciscan church at Mainz, his contributions largely unknown. • In 1504, he was mentioned as the inventor of typography in a book by Professor Ivo Wittig • In 1567 that the first portrait of Gutenberg, almost certainly an imaginary reconstruction, appeared in Heinrich Pantaleon's biography of famous Germans.
At court
• In 1456, there was a dispute between Gutenberg and Fust, and Fust demanded his money back, accusing Gutenberg of misusing the funds. • Meanwhile the expenses of the Bible project had proliferated, and Gutenberg's debt now exceeded 20,000 guilders. Fust brought suit against him at the archbishop's court. • The court decided in favor of Fust, giving him control over the Bible printing workshop and half of all printed Bibles. • Thus Gutenberg was effectively bankrupt, but it appears he retained a small printing shop, and participated in the printing of a Bible in the town of Bamberg around 1459, for which he seems at least to have supplied the type
was a German
goldsmith, printer, and publisher who is famous for his invention of mechanical movable printing .
was the first European to use movable type printing
John Gutenberg
John Gutenberg
•The story of Printing press •At court •Later life •Legacy
The storyΒιβλιοθήκη Baiduof Printing press
• Around 1439, Gutenberg was involved in a financial misadventure making polished metal mirrors. • When the question of satisfying the investors came up, Gutenberg is said to have promised to share a "secret". It has been widely speculated that this secret may have been the idea of printing with movable type. Legend has it that the idea came to him "like a ray of light". • By 1450, the press was in operation, and a German poem had been printed, Gutenberg was able to convince the wealthy moneylender Johann Fust for a loan of 8000 guilders.
Printed books-Gutenberg Bible
• In 1455, Gutenberg completed copies of a beautifully executed folio Bible with 42 lines on each page. After printing the text, some copies were rubricated or handilluminated in the same elegant way as manuscript B i b l e s f ro m th e sa me period. • 48 substantially complete copies are known to survive, including two at the British Library that can be viewed and compared online.
• In 1437, there is evidence that he was instructing a wealthy tradesman on polishing(抛光) gems（宝石）, • Following his father's death in 1419, he is mentioned in the inheritance proceedings.
Project Gutenberg
• It's a very great project
This project is named after Johann Gutenberg to commemorate his greatness
• Gutenberg project started by Michael Hart in 1971. • It is the first digital library in the world • All books are entered into the computer by the volunteers.
Legacy
• European output of books printed with movable types from Gutenberg proceed to 1800 • Martin Luther's 95 theses which sparked off the Reformation in a print edition from 1522. Within the span of only two years, Luther's tracts were distributed in 300,000 printed copies throughout Germany and Europe. • Although Gutenberg was financially unsuccessful in his lifetime, the printing technologies spread quickly, and news and books began to travel across Europe much faster than before. It fed the growing Renaissance, and since it greatly facilitated scientific publishing, it was a major catalyst for the later scientific revolution.
• He is assumed to have studied at the university .
• in March 1434 , He also appears to have been a goldsmith member enrolled in the Strasbourg militia.
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http://www.gutenberg.org/
Early life
• Gutenberg was in a 16th century copper （铜币） engraving（雕刻）
• Gutenberg was born in the German city of Mainz, the youngest son of the upper-class merchant who was a goldsmith for the bishop at Mainz, but most likely, he was involved in the cloth trade. So that Gutenberg grew up knowing the trade of goldsmith.
Legacy
• It is also possible that the large Cathlicon dictionary, 300 copies of 754 pages, printed in Mainz in 1460, may have been executed in his workshop. • Meanwhile, the Fust–Schöffer shop was the first in Europe to bring out a book with the printer‘s name and date.
Legacy
• The capital of printing in Europe shifted to Venice, where visionary printers like Aldus Manutius ensured widespread availability of the major Greek and Latin texts . • printing was also a factor in the Reformation. Martin Luther‘s 95 theses were printed and circulated widely; subsequently he issued broadsheets outlining his anti-indulgences position.The broadsheet contributed to development of the newspaper.