高中定语从句用法归纳总结详解

定语从句用法总结大全详解
一、定语从句的相关概念
1.定义：在主从复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句，该从句就叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被一个句子（定语从句）修饰限定的名词、代词或整句话。

This is an apple（先行词）which （关系代词）is mine.
3、引导定语从句的词
引导定语从句的引导词分为关系代词和关系副词两大类。

关系代词有：指代人的who、whom，指代物的which和既指代人又指代物的that、whose。

关系副词有：when, where, why
二. 关系代词的基本用法
1.关系代词that和which的基本用法:
(1)That既可以指代人也可以指代物。

指人时that相当于做主语的who或者作宾语的whom; 指物时相当于which。

That 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。

(2)which用来指物, 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语, 作宾语时可以省略。

①Mr. Wang is my teacher that cares about me most. （划线部分是宾语从句，that前为主句，关系代词that指代先行词
my teacher并在定语从句中作主语。

)
②This is the book that/which I bought yesterday.
(关系代词that/which指代先行词book, 并在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。

)
2. 关系代词who和whom的用法:
who用来指人, 在定语从句中作主语，指代人作宾语时用whom。

who在非正式语和口语中可以代替whom作宾语, 可以省略。

例如：The man who came to our school yesterday was Tom.
关系代词who指代先行词the man, 并且在定语从句中作主语。

The man who/whom you are talking about is Tom.
关系代词指代先行词The man, 并且在定语从句中作宾语, 所以用whom, 也可以用who, 并且可以省略。

3. 关系代词whose的用法:
whose通常用来指人, 也可以指物, 在定语从句中作定语, 它前面的名词和后面的名词往往构成一个所属关系、有着拥有与被拥有的关系，相当于my, his, her, its, their等。

例1：I have a friend. His mother is a teacher.
→I have a friend whose mother is a teacher.
说明：whose指人, 在定语从句中作mother的定语, whose mother在定语从句中作主语。

例2：This is the book. It’s cover is torn.
→This is the book whose cover is torn.
说明：whose指物, 在定语从句中作book的定语, whose book 在定语从句中作torn(撕裂）的宾语
注意：
在语意理解上, whose相当于of whom/which。

在语法结构上whose+名词= the +名词+ of whom/which
例3：I visited a scientist. The name of the scientist is John Smith.
→I visited a scientist the name of whom is John Smith.
→I visited a scientist whose name is John Smith.
我拜访了那位名叫约翰·史密斯的科学家。

例4：The classroom will soon be repaired. The doors and windows of the classroom are broken.
→The classroom the doors and windows of which are broken will soon be repaired.
→The classroom whose doors and windows are broken will soon be repaired.
门窗坏了的那个教室很快会被维修。

三. that和which用法的区别
1. 只能用that不能用which的情况
(1).先行词为all, everything, nothing, something,
anything, few, little, much 等不定代词时用that。

I am sure she has something that you can borrow.
Do you have anything that you don’t understand?
(2).先行词被all, any, each, few, every, no, some, little, much等修饰时用that。

I’ve read all the books that you lend me.
Please send us any information that you have about the subject.
(3).先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。

This is the first book that he has read.
It is the most beautiful city that I’ve ever seen.
(4).先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时只能用that。

This is the very book that belongs to him.
He is the only person that was present at the time.
(5).先行词既有人又有物时。

The famous writer and his works that the radio has been broadcasting are popular with the students.
(6).当主句是以which或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。

Who is the girl that drove the car?
(7).当先行词是reason, way（含义作方法讲）等词，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省。

(8).关系代词在从句中作表语时，而且通常省略。

My hometown is no longer the place that it usedto be. (9).关系代词在there be 巨型结构中作主语时，而且常可省略。

This is the fatest train (that) there has everbeen.
2. 只用which不用that的情况
(1).关系代词在限制性定语从句中放在介词后面作介词宾语时（介词提前）。

There are many trees under which they can have a rest.
This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.
(2).在非限制性定语从句中。

Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
(3).当先行词本身为that（指代）时.
A.what about that which had appeared activities.
(4).当先行词是baby, child等词时
A.Have you notice that child which has lost his way to home in the supermarket ?
(5).先行词后有插入语时.
Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.
(6).which 用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某
种特性、品质或才能的人。

He is an engineer, which I am not。

关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such, the same, as, so 之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。

I have the same book as you（have）. Take as many as you want. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.This is such a book as was given to me.
四.使用定语从句的注意事项
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。

“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。

This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查理斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。

He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。

注意：which引导非限制性定语从句时，往往代表前面所说的整个情况。

这时which被看作单数，其后的谓语动词应用单数形式。

He said he was a Frenchman，which was not true.
他说他是一个法国人，这不是真的。

2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。

This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.
(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观过的工厂。

3.关系代词的省略。

(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。

(2)作动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略；作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略，如果直接作介词的宾语，不能省略。

(3)关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。

五、如何选用关系代词？
第一步：找准先行词，初步确定所用关系词。

第二步：正确分析先行词与定语从句中谓语动词的关系。

如果发现先行词在从句中作状语，就应选用关系副词，如果做主语或宾语，选关系代词。

第三步：验证定语从句中的主谓一致性。

关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。

例如：
He is the only one of the students who knows English.
(先行词是the only one, 后面定语从句谓语用knows)他是唯一懂英语的学生。

He is one of the students who know English.
(先行词是the students, 后面定语从句谓语用know)他是懂英语的学生之一。

六、定语从句中关系副词的用法
关系副词的一个基本用法是在从句中作状语，也就是说，当从句中没有主语或宾语时，就用关系副词来引导。

关系副词相当于介词加which
1、关系副词when的用法
when 既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。

先行词是时间名词，在从句中充当时间状语，相当于“介词+which”。

如：
Can you tell me the time when the film will start?—Can you tell me the time at which the film will start? 请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗？(限制性定语从句)
I will never forget the day, when I joined the Party. —I will never forget the day, on which I joined the Party. 我入党的那一天，我永远不会忘记。

(非限制性定语从句)
2、关系副词where的用法
where既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。

先行词是地点名词，在从句中充当地点状语，相当于：“介词+which”。

如：
This is the school where I studied a few years ago. —This is the
school in which I studied a few years ago. 这就是我几年前所在读书的学校。

(from )
Let’s go to the concert, where you will find much fun.—Let’s go to the concert, in which you will find much fun. 我们去音乐演唱会吧，在那里你会找到很大的乐趣。

3、关系副词why的用法
why只能引导限制性定语从句，先行词只有reason一词，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于：“for + which”。

如：
Do you know the reason why he is not here now?—Do you know the reason for which he is not here now? 你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗？。