英语专有名词的普通化及其修辞效果
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英语专有名词的普通化及其修辞效 果
Content
1. Difference Between Common Nouns and Proper Nouns 2. Commonization of Proper Nouns 3. Types of its Commonization 4.The Rhetoric Function and its Effect
eg. I didn't sell out or Uncle Tom when I got famous
(4) 类比普通化: 指的是一些结构较为齐整, 形式 亦多稳定, 有的已成为固定成语的表达方法。
eg. As wise as Solomon He was sent to Coventry for his dishonesty.
（四）
The rhetoric function
(1) 暗喻 表示著名人物、著名地点等的专有名词极 易被选作比喻辞格中的喻体。
eg. Despite chronic shortages of some foods, farm production cannot be considered the Achilles’ heel of Russia’s economy.
(a
charming
pretty
male
child)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
quixotic (extravagantly romantic, idealistic, chivalrous)
→from Don Quixote in the novel Don Quixote
names of : Cadillac (indicates the products with tradenames terrific quality)
Common Nouns
• Common Nouns are names of a place, person, idea or thing.
Individual noun-boy, house, tiger,etc Collective noun-team, cattle, police, etc Material noun-snow, bread, rice, etc Abstract noun-glory, failure, etc.
Pepsi Generation ( young generation in 70s)
（三）
Four Types of its Commonization
(1)完全普通化: 一个专有名词在一定的话语群体中 , 因其本身所具有的含义已经成为一种典型特征, 获得了广泛的认可, 所以可以像普通名词那样,接受 不定冠词的修饰, 指代任何具有相同特征的人或物. eg. On the bargain day, she brought two dozen toothbrushes and nylon bristles.
（二）
Commonization of Proper Nouns
china (porcelain), rugby (a sort names of of ball games)
places Waterloo
nabmooekssof:→utSoipriTa:haomimaasgMinoarrey'spebrofoekctUstoocpiieaty
Proper Nouns
• Proper Nouns are proper names of a person, nation, place, institution, organization, etc.
Eg. Anderson, China, British Airways, The New York Times.
Godfather: a leader of the Mafia
→Mario Gianluigi Puzo's book Godfather
Commonization of Proper Nouns
ampere, farad, ohm, volt, watt
names of people
cherub
(3) 提喻 提喻以局部代替整体或整体代替局部，常用 在某些著名的街道、建筑物名称
eg. It was reported that China won the volleyball match. Wall street 美国金融界 Fleet Street 英国报业（新闻界
）
(4) 双关 有些专名由大写的普通名词、形容词构成，不仅可 以做专有名词，也含有普通名词、形容词的意义， 从而形成了双关： eg.My Faith is gone.
（一）
• The difference between Common Nouns and Proper nouns is on the grammatical aspect. The former could be used with articles, they can have plural forms and could be modified with the quantifier, while the latter could not have that collocation.
(2)换喻
one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated eg.Washington--United States government or of the sword
for military power
(2)部分普通化：一般来讲, 专有名词只在某些特定场合 使用, 但这并不是一成不变的。当某个名人的名字用做复 数形式或前面加上冠词时, 这个名字就代表了和该名人具 有相似品质的那一类人.
eg: He is really a Shylock.
(3) 双重普通化: 一个普通化的专有名词, 通过"转化”跨类(conversion)机制, 用作 一个动词.
Content
1. Difference Between Common Nouns and Proper Nouns 2. Commonization of Proper Nouns 3. Types of its Commonization 4.The Rhetoric Function and its Effect
eg. I didn't sell out or Uncle Tom when I got famous
(4) 类比普通化: 指的是一些结构较为齐整, 形式 亦多稳定, 有的已成为固定成语的表达方法。
eg. As wise as Solomon He was sent to Coventry for his dishonesty.
（四）
The rhetoric function
(1) 暗喻 表示著名人物、著名地点等的专有名词极 易被选作比喻辞格中的喻体。
eg. Despite chronic shortages of some foods, farm production cannot be considered the Achilles’ heel of Russia’s economy.
(a
charming
pretty
male
child)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
quixotic (extravagantly romantic, idealistic, chivalrous)
→from Don Quixote in the novel Don Quixote
names of : Cadillac (indicates the products with tradenames terrific quality)
Common Nouns
• Common Nouns are names of a place, person, idea or thing.
Individual noun-boy, house, tiger,etc Collective noun-team, cattle, police, etc Material noun-snow, bread, rice, etc Abstract noun-glory, failure, etc.
Pepsi Generation ( young generation in 70s)
（三）
Four Types of its Commonization
(1)完全普通化: 一个专有名词在一定的话语群体中 , 因其本身所具有的含义已经成为一种典型特征, 获得了广泛的认可, 所以可以像普通名词那样,接受 不定冠词的修饰, 指代任何具有相同特征的人或物. eg. On the bargain day, she brought two dozen toothbrushes and nylon bristles.
（二）
Commonization of Proper Nouns
china (porcelain), rugby (a sort names of of ball games)
places Waterloo
nabmooekssof:→utSoipriTa:haomimaasgMinoarrey'spebrofoekctUstoocpiieaty
Proper Nouns
• Proper Nouns are proper names of a person, nation, place, institution, organization, etc.
Eg. Anderson, China, British Airways, The New York Times.
Godfather: a leader of the Mafia
→Mario Gianluigi Puzo's book Godfather
Commonization of Proper Nouns
ampere, farad, ohm, volt, watt
names of people
cherub
(3) 提喻 提喻以局部代替整体或整体代替局部，常用 在某些著名的街道、建筑物名称
eg. It was reported that China won the volleyball match. Wall street 美国金融界 Fleet Street 英国报业（新闻界
）
(4) 双关 有些专名由大写的普通名词、形容词构成，不仅可 以做专有名词，也含有普通名词、形容词的意义， 从而形成了双关： eg.My Faith is gone.
（一）
• The difference between Common Nouns and Proper nouns is on the grammatical aspect. The former could be used with articles, they can have plural forms and could be modified with the quantifier, while the latter could not have that collocation.
(2)换喻
one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated eg.Washington--United States government or of the sword
for military power
(2)部分普通化：一般来讲, 专有名词只在某些特定场合 使用, 但这并不是一成不变的。当某个名人的名字用做复 数形式或前面加上冠词时, 这个名字就代表了和该名人具 有相似品质的那一类人.
eg: He is really a Shylock.
(3) 双重普通化: 一个普通化的专有名词, 通过"转化”跨类(conversion)机制, 用作 一个动词.