2020届高考英语一轮复习 it的用法讲解 (2) 精品

2020届高考英语一轮复习讲解：it的用法
【知识要点】
It的用法
（一）作人称代词
1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。

e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）
Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）
They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it.（it代替前面They…town分句中的情况）
2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。

e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree）
The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）
3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。

e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me.
---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children.
---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.
4、it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。

e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it.
---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.
5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。

e.g. The climate of South China is mild（温和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）
The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）（二）作无人称代词
it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。

It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).
It is noon.
It is a half hour’s walk to the f actory.
It is eighteen square metres in area.
What does it matter?
（三）作强调词，构成强调结构
用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。

“It is (was) + 所强调的成分+ that (who) + 其它成分。

”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。

注意: 在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用that 。

在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。

It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar．(that引起强调句)
It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar．(where引起定从
It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there．(when引起时间状语从句）
It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there．（that 引起强调句）
（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾语）
为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it ，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。

通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。

e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词）We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. （it与that从句中间夹有strange 但
有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。

e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。

注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）
（五）. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。

---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have __________?
A．it B．that C．one D．this
The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in．
A．they B．it C．one D．which
one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it指代上文提过的同一事物。

一、代词it
用法例句
代替前文提到过的东西或事情，用作人称代词。

This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.
这是一本新词学科网典，我昨天买的。

Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it? 汤姆上月入伍了，你知道这事吗？
代替指示代词，起着this或that的作用Is this your car? No, it isn’t. 这是你的汽车吗？不是。

What’s that?—It’s a video. 那是什么？它是一台录像机。

Whose room is this?—It is theirs.这是谁的房间，是他们的。

指明某人或某物的身分，还可指不明性别的婴儿Who’s there? It’s me. (It’s John) 谁在那儿？是我。

（是约翰）Go and see who it is that rings. It’s Bill.
去看看是谁来的电话，是比尔。

The Greens have a new baby. It’s lovely.
格林家有一个新生婴儿。

它很可爱。

指时间，距离，自然现象（天气，气候，明暗）量度，价值等It’s Sunday today.今天是星期天。

It’s three months since he came here.
自从他来到这里，已经三个月了。

How far is it to the Great Wall .到长城有多远？It’s getting dark. 天快黑了。

—How much is the coat? —It’s ninety dollars. 这件衣服多少钱？九十美元。

二、引导词it
用法例句
k.Co m]
主
语代替不定式
短语
It is up to you to decide. 这事要由你决定。

It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.
听说你恢复了健康，这使我很高兴。

代替动名词
短语
It’s no good smoking. 吸烟没有好处。

It’s worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.
用整夜的时间来研究那个问题是值得的。

代替主语从
句
It doesn’t matter what you do. 你干什么都没有关系。

It seems that everyone has known the news.
好象大家都知道这个消息。

形式宾语代替不定式
短语
I consider it better to be early.
我认为能够早一些更好。

We found it impossible to get there before July .
我们觉得，要在七月以前到达那里是不可能的。

代替动名词We thought it no use doing that.
用法例句短语我们认为做那事没有用。

代替宾语从句The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time .
老师清楚地指出，每个人都应该按时交作业。

三、it在强调结构中
强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+ that (who) + 其它
强调
部分
例句说明
主语It is I who am to blame. 是我该受责怪。

It w as your uncle that (who) came yesterday.
昨天来的是你叔叔。

原句的谓语动词如果是现在或
将来时态用It is …that(who)如果
原句谓语动词是过去时态，则用
It was…that(who)。

在
宾语It was a new pen that Mother gave me .
母亲给我的是一支新钢笔。

强调时间，地点，原因或方式时
不要用when, where, how, 必须
用that。

地点It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.
我把雨伞就落在了教室里。

状语时间It is at eleven that the train leaves.
火车是在十一点钟离开。

方式It was just as he ordered that I acted.
我正是照他吩咐的那样做的。

原因It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him.
正是因为他处境困难我才尽力帮助他。

宾补
It was red that we painted the gate. 我们把门油漆成红的颜色。

It was chairman that they elected him . 他们选他担任的是主席的职务。

【考点诠释】
考点it的用法
在英语中，运用it的场合较多。

从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：
1．指代作用
(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词)。

如：Althoug h we cannot see it，there is air all around us．虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。

(2)代替前面的整个句子。

如：
It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isn’t true．据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。

(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。

如：
一What is this?这是什么?
一It’s a bike．是自行车。

(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。

如：
①The baby cried because it Was hungry．婴儿哭是因为饿了。

(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)
②一Wh o is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?
一It’s me．是我o
(5)指环境、情形等。

如：
①I can’t stand it any longer．我再也不能容忍这种情况了。

②Take it easy．别紧张。

③It doesn’t matter．没关系。

(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。

如：
①It’s getting colder and colder now．现在越来越冷了。

②It is winter now．现在是冬天了。

2．形式作用
(1)形式主语
当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。

如：
(I)It’s no use crying over spilt milk．[谚]覆水难收。

②It takes three generations to make a gentleman．[谚]十年树木，百年树人。

(2)形式宾语
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。

如：
①You must m ake it clear to them that the situation is serious．你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。

②)They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events．他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。

特别提示
形式宾语用在“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。

如：
①1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash．如果你能支付现金的话，我会不胜感激。

②The boy likes it when you do that．那个男孩喜欢你那样做。

3．强调作用
it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。

强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其他成分。

【高考链接】
1.（2020高考英语辽宁卷，33）The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in
that country
A so B. much C. that D. it
【答案】D
【解析】句意：她是外国人的事实使得她在哪个国家很难找到工作。

考查it的用法。

句中for her to get a job in that country是动词不定式的复合结构做made的宾语，difficult是宾语补足语，此处要用it做形式宾语，其他词没有这种用法。

2.（2020高考英语大纲全国II卷，14）The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
1.（09四川）6. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy__________.
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
【答案】B。

【解析】意思是：我喜欢这个前面有一个美丽花园的房子，但是我没有足够多的钱去把它买下来。

第一句话中的this house表明在该语境中是特指的用法，所以答案为it，表示特指。

该题容易误选one，要注意的是one表示泛指。

【考点定位】it/that/one用法区别
2.（09浙江）7．－I’ve read another book this week.
－Well, maybe _____ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
【答案】 D
【解析】句中“ not how much you read but what you read”足以做动词count 的主语，所有选D 使之构成强调句型。

【考点定位】本题考查强调句型和名词性从句。

3.（09北京）2. Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ___extra stress.
A. it
B. them
C. one
D. him
【考点定位】考查代词it用法。

4.（2006年浙江卷，4）_______ is our bel ief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As
B. That
C. This
D. It
【答案】D.
【解析】本题考查it作形式主语，代替that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more
prosperous economy，而其他选项均不可以充当形式主语。

5.（2006年I，26）If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.
A. so
B. that
C. it
D. them
6.（2006年安徽卷，34）Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed to and then posted it at the nearby post office．
A．it; her B．it; herself C．herself; her D．herself; herself
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。

第一空不定代词it指代前面的postcard；第二空to后的宾语应为反身代词herself.
7.（2007年全国卷I，7）___ felt funny watching myself on TV.
A. One
B. This
C. It
D. That
【答案】C
【解析】考查it作形式主语，代指watching myself on TV，其他选项均不可以充当形式宾语。

8.（2007年山东卷，24）_____________ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A．This B．That C．What D．It
【答案】D
【解析】考查it作形式主语，句中it充当形式主语，真正的主语是the way，其后又有定语从句he keeps changing his mind修饰。

9.（2007年陕西卷，16）—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you go and bottow ?
—No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore.
A.it; one
B.one; one
C. one; it
D.it; it
10..（2007 年天津卷，1）He didn’t mak e ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held. .
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. these
【答案】C
【解析】考查it作形式主语，it代替when and where the meeting would be held其他选项均不可以充当。