人教版 高一英语语法总复习

定语从句归纳总结
一、定语从句的定义：
用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从 句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行 词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系 代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形 容词的作用。 eg: 1. Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning? 2.The day is not far off when we will make a trip to Britain.
(3) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用which 不能用that。
They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
that和who在指 人的情况下一般都可以互 换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用who而不用that。 1.先行词为those, one, ones, peoples时 Those who are from Qingdao come this way. 2.当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代 词时 Is there anybody else who should be invited.
八、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的 定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意 义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用 逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 常可省略。如： a) What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?
三、注意不能拆开的动词短语
并不是所有的动词短语都能拆开，要注意有些 短语不能拆开使用。这样的动词短语常用的 有： look after， look for， turn in， pay attention to， take care of， depend on， listen to 等。如： 1.The babies (whom)the nurses are looking after are very healthy . 保育员照看的婴儿都很健康。 2.Is this the book (which/that)she was looking for ？ 这是她正在找的那本书吗？
关系代词指物时只用which不用that的情况 （1）在介词之后
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
（2）当主句中的主语被that修饰时。
eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
二、关系代词和关系副词的作用： 1、引导作用 2、替代作用
3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
四. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点
1. 关系代词的基本用法 关系代 词 who whom which that whose 指代的 先行词 人 人 物 人பைடு நூலகம்物 人或物 充当从句的成分 主语、宾语 宾语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 定语
时间 when = in/at/on/during which
地点 where = at/in/on which 原因 why = for which
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
1) 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修饰时. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. I’ve read all the books that are not mine. 2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the first book (that) he has read.
3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时 This is the very book that belongs to him. 4)当先行词既有人又有物时, 用关系代词that We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools that we had visited there. 5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished.
关系副词
指代 功能 时间状语 地点状语
when(=at / in/ on which) time where (=in/ at which) place
why(= for which)
reason 原因状语
关系副词引导定语从句时， 既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当状语。
总结
关系副词: where, when, why
站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字? 多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。
b) Toronto is a city (that) I' ve always wanted to visit.
2．非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密 切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去 掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句 之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。 非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如： a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London. c) He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.
介词+关系代词 注意三点：
一、注意关系代词的选取 二、注意介词的选取 三、注意不能拆开的动词短语
一、注意关系代词的选取。在“介词 + 关系 代词”引导的定语从句中，如果关系代词指 代事物就用 which; 如果指代人则用 whom; 若表示“……的”则用 whose。 examples： 1.This is the classroom in which we studied last year. 2.There are sixty students in our class， twenty of whom are girls. 3.He lives in a house，whose door opens to the north.
eg. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises
all the people present.
一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在 场的人感到非常惊讶。 析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感 到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外 语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句， 此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。
二、注意介词的选取
1. 根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词和形容词 的习惯搭配。 Who is the man with whom you just shook hands？ （动词短语：shake with… 和…握手） The author with whom we are familiar will die. (形容词短语：be familiar with 熟悉) 2.根据介词和先行词的习惯搭配。 I remember the day on which he joined
非限制性定语从句的五不能用

1、通常不能用that引导 2、不能用why引导，要用for which代替why 3、从句至于句首时，用as引导，不能用which。 4、由“介词+关系代词”引导时，关系代词 不能用as 5、关系代词指人做宾语时，只能用宾格whom， 不能用who代替，也不能省略