重难点01 阅读理解之应用文(解析版)

重难点01 阅读理解之应用文

【命题趋势】

应用文一般分为两类：一类是叙述性应用文，例如书信、日记等，近两年高考试题较少涉及；另一类是说明性应用文，包括各种广告、产品说明、旅游指南、报刊书信、公共通告和备忘录等；而近两年高考试题中的阅读理解均侧重考查后一类。

【满分技巧】

高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。

做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。

同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：

1. 先题后文

先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。

2. 题干定向

根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。

3. 生词模糊

遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。

4. 信息补全

对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。

总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。了解了应用文的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是：抓信息。

提示：应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假如没十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。

【热点话题】

应用文热衷话题有：就业、旅游、电影、书籍等海报。

【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）

A

（2019 • 全国卷I，A）

Need a Job This Summer?

The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.

Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.

Jobs for Youth

If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.

Who is eligible: Youth 15—18 years old in select communities(社区).

Summer Company

Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.

Who is eligible: Students aged 15—29, returning to school in the fall.

Stewardship Youth Ranger Program

You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.

Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.

Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)

Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.

Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.

1. What is special about Summer Company?

A. It requires no training before employment.

B. It provides awards for running new businesses.

C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.

D. It offers more summer job opportunities.