语法精讲精练 简单句、省略、独立主格与固定结构

第十二讲简单句、省略、独立主格与固定结构

『专家支招』

感叹句是一种表达喜悦、愤怒、惊奇、厌恶和赞赏的感情的句式，它主要由how/what引出；There be句型表示某处有某物或某人，there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出；祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等；反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句；省略句能使句子简明扼要，重点突出，简单句、并列句以及复合句中有形形色色的省略形式；独立主格结构、“with +宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构以及动名词复合结构是英语中昝要的固定结构。这些语法虽不是全国各省市高考的重头戏，但时而再现在高考试题中。

在历年高考试题中，以上语法的考点主要集中在祈使句动词与非谓语动词的混合考查，交际用语中考查祈使句的答语，多角度测试句型“祈使句+and/or+结果分句”，复合句的反意疑问句，状语从句的省略，独立主格结构以及with复合结构。

这几种语法的难点主要是各种状语从句中的省略问题，独立主格结构、“with +宾语+宾语补足语”中非谓语动词的判断，这些也是考查的重点。

『讲练结合』

B. They have

Theatre, ______?

『小小窍门』

『举一反三』

1. The Application Form, unless otherwise ______, must be completed in English.

A. to state

B. to be stated

C. stated

D. stating

2. Are you interested in an accounting career? ______, you may wonder what skills you need to be a success in this field.

A. Otherwise

B. If not

C. But for that

D. If so

3. All his spare time ______ to learning English, he has no time to play football.

A. devoted

B. to be devoted

C. devoting

D. having devoted

4. The company offered two job openings, but the number of applicants reached fifteen times______.

A. as many

B. as large

C. so large

D. so many

5. —Were all four people in the car accident injured?

—No, ______ only the three passengers who got hurt.

A. it was

B. there was

C. it is

D. there were

6. Mike and Tom, please don't hesitate to contact me if you have any questions, ______?

A. do we

B. don’t we

C. will you

D. won’t you

7. I don’t think that he’d escaped from the office after the first plane hit the north tower, ______?

A. had he

B. hadn’t he

C. did it

D. didn’t it

8.—______ she set out a little earlier, she wouldn’t have kissed the last bus.

—Luckily she was given a lift home.

A. If

B. Unless

C. Had

D. Should

9. The Statue of Zeus is to Greek ______ the Great wall is to Chinese.

A. as

B. that

C. what

D. which

10. — Will you chair the meeting to be held this weekend?

—No, ______.

A. unless invited to do

B. unless invited to

C. unless was invited to

D. unless invited to do it

10. 考查状语从句以及不定式的省略。句意：“你会参加本月底召开的会议吗？”“即使邀请我也不去。”答语可补充完整为：No, unless I am invited to attend the conference to be held at the end of this month，根据语法规则“I am”和不定式符号to 后的部分可省略。故答案选择B。

11. I can’t find her passport anywhere. She must have taken that too, ______?

A. didn’t she

B. don’ t she

C. mustn’t she

D. hasn’ t she

12. Although she had no formal training, Mrs. Black played ping-pong as well as, if______, her husband.

A. not better than

B. not better

C. no better than

D. better

13. Mike was scared and feeling pretty anxious, this ______ his first experience of an earthquake.

A. having been

B. was

C. to be

D. being

14. The factory put out millions of cars each year, none of ______ shipped overseas.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. them

15. —Sally hasn’t finished her paper.

—Well, she______.

A. should

B. ought to have

C. need have

D. must

16. While the song has been popular, ______ disagreement as to the true meaning of it.

A. It has

B. They have

C. It remains

D. There remains

17. —What made the mother worried most? —______.

A. her daughter’s being left alone at home

B. because her daughter was left alone at home

C. her daughter was left alone at home

D. because of her daughter leaving alone at home

18. ______ your receipt to the customer service department and they will pay the money back to you.

A. Having brought

B. Bring

C. Bringing

D. To bring

19. There are ten tips in Mr. Black’s lecture on how to learn a foreign language, and one of them is: ______ every new word when coming across it in reading.

A. doesn’t look up

B. not to look up

C. not look up

D. don’t look up

20. They started off late and caught the bus with only minutes ______.

A. spare

B. to spare

C. sparing

D. spared

【答案与解析】

1. 考查状语从句的省略。状语从句可补充完整为：unless it is otherwise stated。句意：申请表格必须以英文填写，除非另有说明。故答案选择C。

2. 考查从句的省略。句意：您希望自己成为一名会计师吗？如果是这样，您可能想知道一名合格的会计师需要具备什么样的技能。Otherwise否则，要不然；but for that若不是因为那件事。根据语境前后两句话之间是顺承关系。语境表明so可用来取代you are interested in an accounting career。if so意为“若是这样”，符合语境。故答案选择D。

3. 考查独立主格结构。句意：所有的时间有用在家学习英语上了，他没时间踢足球。Be devoted to专心于/致力于……的。“名词+过去分词”构成独立主格结构，在句中做状语。故答案选择A。