英语句子成分和句子类型讲义

英语句子成分和英语句子结构
句子成分分析：（6种：主谓宾定状补）
1、主语（Subject）：动作的发出者，可由名词、代词、不定式（to do）、或动名词（V-ing）等来充当，通常置于句首。

The sun rises in the east.
2、谓语（Predicate）: 只有动词或动词短语才能充当，置于主语之后说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English.
3、宾语：动作的承受者
1）动宾位于谓语动词（vt）之后
I like China. （名词）
I like listening to classical music.
2）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
4、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Marry is an English teacher.（名词）
Dalian is a beautiful city. (形容词)
5、状语。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。

He goes to school by bike.
6、补语
宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We will make them happy. （形容词）
7、表语（Predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词）
Five and five is ten. （数词）
He is asleep.（形容词）
The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
The cleaner's job is to clean the street.（不定式）
（常见的系动词有be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, feel（感觉）...
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
主＋谓（vi不及物动词) She came．/ My head aches.
主＋谓（vt及物动词）＋宾语She likes English.
主＋谓＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.
主＋系＋表She is happy．
主＋谓（vt.）＋宾＋宾补She makes her mother angry．
（There +be There lies a book on the desk. ）
句子的种类：
陈述句/ 祈使句/ 感叹句/ 疑问句
练习：分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5.He broke a piece of glass.
6. Trees turn green when spring comes.
7. They pushed the door open. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9.He wrote some letters to his friends. 10. We need a place twice larger than this one.
11. He asked us to sing an English song. 12. We will make our school more beautiful.
13. She showed us many of her pictures.
14. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
15. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 16. Would you please pass me the cup?
17 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 18. Do you know the latest news about him?
19. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
翻译练习：
主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
你应当努力学习。

should hard you study
她昨天回家很晚。

very went she yesterday home evening late
那天早上我们谈了很多。

talked great morning we that deal a
会议将持续两个小时。

will the two meeting hours last
1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动.The May Fourth Movement in Beijing in 1919 broke out . 每天八时开始上课。

c lasses day eight at every begin
这个盒子重五公斤。

this kilos box five weighs
五年前我住在北京。

in Beijing lived five I ago years
主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
1昨晚我写了一封信。

wrote I a night letter last
2今天下午我想同你谈谈。

want I to with this you talk afternoon.
3这本书他读过多次了。

he book has many this read times.
4他们成功地完成了计划。

they plan have carried out the successfully
5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。

You reading must books finish these in two weeks 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。

that speak gentlemen languages can three fluently.
7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。

from received I a letter in Australia my pen friend 8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。

cannot Jim himself dress
双宾语结构（主语＋谓＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。

taught Mr Johnson us last German year
奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

told interesting an Grandma story night me last
2.Mary把钱包交给校长了。

the wallet Mary handed schoolmaster to the
3.请把那本字典递给我好吗？Would please me you pass the dictionary ?
4.他把车票给列车员看。

the ticket he the conductor showed to
5.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。

this term have written my parents I to three letters
6.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。

My father bike me a new has bought.
7.Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。

Robinson Crusoe himself made a boat
8.请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？Will please get you me a new copy?
10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？Shall call I a taxi you?。