届高三英语语法要点精讲专题 it的用法教案

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2013届高三英语语法要点精讲(配最新高考+模拟)

专题14 it的用法

【考纲解读】

根据近向几年高考试题来看,it一直是考查的重点,尤其是it, that 和one不同的指代功能。试题注重情景的设置,需要利用特点语言环境中上下文的联系,正确分析结构,理解句意是做此类题目的关键。

命题的热点集中于以下几个方面: .

1. it/that/one用法区别(it主要指代前面提到的同一物;one用来指代前面出现的单数名词,相当于a/an+单数名词,表泛指概念,往往是同类而同一物;that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数/不可数名词)

2. it用在某些动词后,如:enjoy,like,,dislike,resent,hate,don’t mind,be fond of,feel like,see to 之后, 即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加it代替其后的从句

3. 用于强调句或固定句型(it is/was …when/since/before…)中.

4. 作形式宾语或形式主语(主要代替ving,to do或从句)

5. 考查it 构成的习语,it也常表示抽象的情况,属于虚指. 如:Take it easy.

【知识要点】

It的用法

(一)作人称代词

1、it代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。

e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.(it代替前面的cake)

Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. (it代替后面的air)

They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it. (it代替前面They…town分句中的情况)

2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。

e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. (it代替前面的tree)

The baby cried because it was hungry. (it代替前面的baby)

3、在某些习惯说法中,可以代替人。

e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. ---- Who is it? ---- It’s me.

---- Who are singing? ---- It is the children.

---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.

4、it与one的区别:这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词,但it用于同名同物的场合;one则用于同名异物的场合。

e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle? ---- No, I have sold it.

---- Is this knife yours? ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.

5、it与that的区别:两词都可代替某一特定名词,但that指同一类,并非同一个。

e.g. The climate of South China is mild(温和的); I like it very much.(it指the climate of South China)

The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.(that指the climate)(二)作无人称代词

it作无人称代词时,除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外,另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。

It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).

It is noon.

It is a half hour’s walk to th e factory.

It is eighteen square metres in area.

What does it matter?

(三)作强调词,构成强调结构

用以帮助改变句子结构,使句子的某一成分受到强调。“It is (was) + 所强调的成分+ that (who) + 其它成分。”在这个句型中,it本身没有词义。注意: 在强调结构中,如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语,其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where,而应用that 。在复习中,一定要注意句式的不同。

It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar.(that引起强调句)

It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar.(where引起定从)

It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there.(when引起时间状语从句)

It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there.(that 引起强调句)

(四)引导词it作形式主语(宾语)

为了使句子平衡,常采用形式主语(或宾语)it ,而把真正的主语(或宾语)置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。

e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.(It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词)We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. (it与that从句中间夹有strange)

但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。

e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.(因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意:it不是多余的,不能当作错句)

(五). it,one,that 的区别:作为代词,这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。

---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have __________?

A.it B.that C.one D.this

The Parkers bought a new house but _________will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A.they B.it C.one D.which

one 用以指代同类事物中的任一,that 特指性强,指代可数与不可数词,而it指代上文提过的同一事物。

一、代词it

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