2020年(培训体系)大学英语四六级阅读培训材料

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大学英语四、六级阅读理解应试技巧指导

第一节词语推断

词汇在大学英语四、六级阅读中占有很重要的地位。如果一位考生既不认识句中的词汇，又无法从上下文中获得足够的信息来猜测出这个词的意义，那就很难答对词汇题。在四、六级英语阅读测试时，所出的有关词汇题往往是比较有针对性的题目。这些词考生不熟悉或词义概念模糊。对于这种题，考生完全能够根据上下文和学过的有关构词法的知识，通过推敲从而确定词汇的意义。词语题的设问表达方式通常是：1．The word / phrase / expression most probably means 2．The word / phrase / expression refers to 3．The word / phrase / expression suggests that . . .

4．What does the author mean by the word / phrase / expression? 5．By the word / phrase / expression the author means . .

6．By the word / phrase / expression the author intends to render the idea that 请见实例：请见实例：【例文1】（CET－4 99.1 Passage Four 第三段）Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. 38．The word “scrutiny”（Line 3, Para.3）most probably means“A）inquiry B）observation C）control D）suspicion ”.

【分析】上文指出“Almost all of it （learning）is private”，下文又指出“that process

（learning）is not open to public scrutiny.”由此可见，public scrutiny 和private 是相对的概念。如果将选项中的词分别替换scrutiny，能够判断只有B）符合原文。【例文2】（CET－4 1998.6 Passage Four 第一段）

…In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative …36．The word “imperative”（Line 6, Para. 1）most probably refers to something A）superficial B）remarkable C）debatable D）essential .

【分析】在上文中没有相关词汇能够借助来推测imperative 的含义，但根据该句的逻辑关系“如果他们的公司要参和全球竞争的话，多样化是答案。的”，由此推断，空白处应译为“必要的，必需的”等。因此D)应为正确

一、学会猜测词义

猜测词义的技巧可分为三大部分：根据上下文猜测词义，根据构词法猜测词义以及利用信号猜测词义。（一）根据上下文猜测词义1．根据文章中给出的定义、修饰性从句及定语直接猜得词义。也就是说，文章的作者本人也意识到文章中的某些词十分生僻或不常使用而故意在同位语、修饰性从句等中给出一定的揭示或进行一些解释。这些用来解释或进1

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作者：汤良斌

行揭示的词，意义和生僻词基本相同，基本能够互换。也就是说，通过阅读解释部分，生僻词的意义便明晰了。Example 1 Designer Taylor’s car has all the comforts of an ordinary sports car: special seats and dashboard, body of special material, and efficient steering. But by removing a few bins and bolts form the strange-looking

trailer, which is a transport vehicle hauled by a tractor or truck, and joining the sections to the car with the same pins and bolts, Taylor can change his sports car into a “flying object ”. 2．根据上下文中的内容猜测词义。考生能够根据上下文所提供的信息进行有机的联想及推断，进而达到理解生词含义的目的。这种类型的题，上下文的解释一般较为具体，而生词则是文章中较为概括的部分。Example 2

We often call this small change of conversation small talk, but this description seems to denigrate it unfairly. On special occasions, at parties for example, small talk is usually necessary before deeper human relationships and more serious conversation－if these are desired. They may not always be desired, however, one may invite a business friend and his wife to dinner without wishing to make them close friends for life. And in this case, we need a form of language which is not too intimate and does not make us too intimate to others. 3．利用文章中所罗列出的例子猜词义。这种方法一般也是根据较具体的词汇、词组，通过归纳、猜测从而理解较抽象的词汇或词组。Example 3 Much of the required paper work results from the close scrutiny by a wide range of government agencies over such matters as tax collection, consumer protection, food and drugs, environmental controls, equal labor opportunities, etc. Many such protections have, in fact, been added as a result of the pressures and influence of concerned citizens. 4．利用比喻猜测词义。当作者作比较的时候，一般是强调二者的相似之处。比喻则更是如此。因此，俩个相比较的东西只要认出其中之一，便可大致猜出另一物的实质，从而明了全句的含义。Example 4 She sat there for the moment, quiet and silent, suddenly, the meek lamb burst in bad temper, as ferocious as a lion. 5．利用常识猜测词义。很多词的词义，放在某一类词汇中间，读者能