高考高频易混词语辨析 整理：Geoffrey

高考高频易混词语辨析

（北京大学特聘教授、北京市中学英语特级教师、北京师范大学特聘教授程中一）1. celebrate, congratulate

celebrate 和congratulate 的区别：

(1) celebrate 意思是举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事（节日、胜利、成功等）作宾语；We had a party to celebrate Mother's silver wedding. 我们举行宴会庆祝母亲的银婚纪念日。(2)congratulate 意思是“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on (upon) 连接，例如：

We congratulated her on winning the contest. 我们祝贺她在比赛中获胜。

I will congratulate you (up) on your success. 我预祝你成功。

注意：

译：他们下星期为你庆贺生日。

误：They will congratulate your birthday next week.

正：They will celebrate your birthday next week.

自我测试

根据句意，用celebrate 和congratulate 的适当形式填空。

1.I _______ you on the birth of a son.

2.We should _______ the boy for keeping a cool head.

3.He _______ his birthday with a banquet.

4.We _______ our national Day every year.

5.They held a party to _______ the victory.

答案：

1. congratulate

2. congratulate

3. celebrated

4. celebrate

5. celebrate

2. chance, opportunity

chance 和opportunity 这两个单词都可以表示“机会”，但含义不同。

(1)chance 指侥幸的或偶然的机会,或无法解释的“天意” 或“命运” 所安排的时机，意为运气，机会。

It’s the chance of lifetime. 这是千载难逢的机会。

(2) opportunity 指符合人们意向或目的的一般机会，或指某一特定时机，有利于做某件事以实现某种抱负与愿望，意为：良机，机会。二者常可交换使用。例如：

What a wonderful opportunity! 多么难得的机会呀！

They had no chance/opportunity to escape. 他们没有逃跑的机会。

I had no chance/opportunity to see him. 我没机会见到他。

I never miss a chance/opportunity of playing football. 我从不放弃任何踢足球的机会。

I wish I'd had your chances/opportunities. 但愿我曾获得你那样的好机会。

注意:

①表示偶然性，强调“命运”的安排时，chance 比opportunity 更好。例如：

Chance plays an important part in many card games. 在很多纸牌游戏中，运气起着重要的作用。

A wise man turns chance into good fortune. 聪明人能把机会变成好运气。

② chance 还可表示“可能性”，opportunity 没有这种用法，例如：

The chances are ten to one that we will win. 我们获胜的可能性是十比一。

自我测试

根据句意，用chance 和opportunity 的适当形式填空。

1.Don’t let slip any _______ of improving you.

2.There are not many promotion ________ in this company.

3.I am glad to have this ________ of speaking to you.

4.By some strange ________, we discovered the error.

5.This is the ________ had been waiting for.

6.There was no ________ in such a system for the poor.

7.There is little ________ of meeting him again.

答案：

1. opportunity

2. opportunities

3. opportunity/chance

4. chance

5. chance

6. chance

7. chance

3. choose, elect, select

choose, elect 和select 这三个动词都有“挑选”、“选择” 的意思，但各自的含义和用法有所不同。

（1）choose 是普通用语，指按自己的判断力或好恶来进行挑选，挑选可以在两者、也可以在任意多者之中进行，其后接between A and/or B, sb./sth. from sb./sth., sb./sth. as sth.。例如：

Miss Li has to choose between giving up her job and/or hiring a nanny.李小姐得在放弃工作和雇用保姆之间作选择。

Could you choose me a good one from among them? 劳驾给我从中挑选一个好的,行吗？

The students chose Gao Feng as their monitor. 学生们选高峰当班长。

（2）select 表示在选择上比choose 要考虑得更细致，主要根据被选对象的优劣，选拔、精选出最佳或最合适者，被挑选对象一般多于两个，其后面常常接sb./sth. (from sb./sth.), sb./sth.(as sth.)。例如：

He selected an appropriate birthday card from the rack for his mother. 他从架子上给母亲挑选了一张合适的生日贺卡。

Who was selected as the team leader? 选谁出来当队长？

（3）elect指通过投票等方式正式地选出，常作“选举”、“推选” 解，后面接sb.(to sth.), sb. (as) sth.。例如：

Ms. Mendel was elected to parliament. 门德尔女士当选为议员。

We elected him (as) our team leader by a show of hands. 我们通过举手的方式选举他当队长。自我测试

根据句意，用choose, elect 和select 的适当形式填空。

1.My wife took a long time to ______ a new dress.

2.They want to _____ some from among them for seeds.

3.There is nothing to ______ between them.

4.The people _____ my brother as chairman.

5.The girl _____ the red sweater rather than the pink one.

6.My wife was _____ to the committee.

7.Why didn’t you _____ a better subject for your composition?

8.When people _____ someone, they _____ that person to represent them by voting.

答案：

1. choose/select

2. select

3. choose

4. elected

5. chose

6. elected

7. select

8. elect, choose

4.contrary，opposite

contrary 和opposite 用作形容词，均可表示“完全相反的”。