名词性从句讲稿二

二、表语从句:

在句子中作系动词的表语的从句叫表语从句。表语从句放在连系动词（be/seem/remain/look等）之后引导表语从句的关联词有：连接词that,whether, as if, as though; 连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose; 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等。

①The problem is that he is also short of money.

问题是他也缺钱。

②That is what I want to tell you.

那就是我要对你讲的。

③The problem is whether he will agree to the suggestion or not.

问题是他是否会同意这个建议。

④That is why she left her hometown in her teens.

那就是她十几岁离开家乡的原因。

⑤It looks as if it is going to rain.

天看起来要下雨了。

⑥It turned out that she was wrong.

结果是她错了。

⑦This is where Mao Zedong once lived.

这就是毛泽东曾经住过的地方。

引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

(1) 从属连词that。如：

The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：

Things were not as they seemed to be.

The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。

注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：

All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.

这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。

It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。

(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

连接副词 where, when, how, why。

如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。

难点:

1．连词because可引导表语从句。如：

I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。

2．引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何意义

The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.

他给我的印象是他是一个可靠的人。

3． the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason is because…”的错误

The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and hard-working.

4．在表示命令order等，建议suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略.

His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.

5． whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。

三、同位语从句

基本概念

1．定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

2．用法：

①同位语从句跟在抽象名词后如：fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,thought,question,reply,repor t, remark、order、promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。关联词多用从属连词that。如：

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come?

你在哪儿听说我不能来？

Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.

德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。

注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：

I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。

②连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。

The question who should do the work requires consideration.