吉林大学外科学(胸心外科)2011,2017年考博真题

吉林大学外科学(胸心外科)2011,2017年考博真题

第1页共1页

吉大考博马哲真题定稿版

吉大考博马哲真题精编 W O R D版 IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】

2001年 马克思主义哲学原理、原着研究 一、马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》、《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》和《德意志意识 形态》三部着作中,各是怎样阐述人的本质的其区别和内在联系何在 二、 三、怎样理解“辩证法就是认识论” 四、 下列四题中任选两题 一、怎样理解历史既是“追求着自己目的的人的活动”同时又是遵循着客观规律的?二、 三、评述改革开放以来国内哲学界关于“实践唯物主义”讨论中的几种重要观点。 四、试论述哈贝马斯社会交往理论的基本内容。 五、运用历史唯物主义的观点分析从工业社会向信息社会转型的内容和实质。 西方哲学 一、说明亚里士多德关于“本体”的观点,并指出“本体论”思维方式的局限。 二、解释黑格尔《小逻辑》中下述概念的涵义:纯存在、本质、绝对理念。

以下四题任选两题 一、概述西方近代哲学认识论转向的基本线索。 二、评述卢梭人类社会起源的理论 三、评述现代西方哲学对传统哲学“理性主义”的批判。 四、评述法兰克福学派对当代资本主义社会的批判。 2002年 马克思主义哲学原理、原着研究 一、论述人的存在方式的特点及其内在矛盾 二、论述《德意志意识形态》的基本理论内容及其在马克思主义哲学发展史上的地位四选二 一、怎样理解社会是人们交互作用的产物? 二、怎么理解逻辑、辩证法和认识论三者的统一? 三、试说明经济因素和上层建筑因素在社会发展中的作用。 四、在新形势下,怎样实现马克思主义哲学的与时俱进和理论创新? 西方哲学 简论题,三选二每题30分

2017年中国社会科学院考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2017年中国社会科学院考博英语真题及详解 PART Ⅰ Cloze (20 points) Directions: Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank. During the mid–1980s, my family and I spent a (1)_____ year in the historic town of St. Andrews, Scotland. Comparing life there with life in America, we were impressed by a (2)_____ disconnection between national wealth and well-being. To most Americans, Scottish life would have seemed (3)_____. Incomes were about half that in the U.S. Among families in the Kingdom of Fife surrounding St. Andrews, 44 percent did not own a car, and we never met a family that owned two. Central heating in this place (4)_____ south of Iceland was, at that time, still a luxury. In hundreds of conversations during our year there and during three half summer stays since, we (5)_____ notice that, (6)_____ their simpler living, the Scots appeared (7)_____ joyful than Americans. We heard complaints about Margaret Thatcher, but never about being underpaid or unable to afford wants. Within any country, such as our own, are rich people happier? In poor countries, being relatively well off does make (8)_____ somewhat better well off. But in affluent countries, where nearly everyone can afford life’s necessities, increasing affluence matters (9)_____ little. In the U.S., Canada, and Europe, the correlation between income and happiness is, as University of Michigan researcher noted in a 1980s 16–nation study, “virtually (10)_____”. Happiness is lower (11)_____ the very poor. But

吉林大学历年考研真题

吉林大学历年考研真题 2000年试题 中国考古学通论 一、回答下列概念 1、遗存: 2、单位: 3、层位关系: 4、遗址: 5、民族考古学: 二、下图是内蒙古朱开沟遗址T126、T127、T128北壁剖面图,请根据这个图写出它们的层位关系(15分) 三、以下是白燕遗址商代时期的几件陶鬲,区分它们的型、式,并简述它们的各自作用和相互关系 四、简述中国考古学和中国历史文献学在研究中国史的各自作用和相互关系 五、列出五条近年来全国重大考古发现 六、介绍一本你在大学期间读过的最好的一个报告学论文(从资料、方法、理论、结论方面以及你受到的启发等几方面入手)秦汉考古 一、名词解释(5×6) 1、金石学:

2、三叠层: 3、殷墟: 4、干栏式建筑: 5、斝: 苏秉琦: 二、问答(10×4) 1、新石器时代考古的基本特征是什么? 2、周原遗址有哪些重要考古发现 3、按时间早晚顺序列举东北辽西地区目前发现的新石器时代至青铜时代的考古学文化 4、你读过哪些有关先秦考古方面的考古报告或研究论文,试举一例进行简单的内容介绍 三、简述(15×2) 1、试述黄河流域新石器时代考古学文化的分区与年代序列 2、关于哪些遗址可能是夏文化,学术界目前主要有哪几种观点?你赞同哪一种?为什么? 四、简答(16×3) 1、两汉至唐,中原地区墓葬的形制结构是如何发展变化的? 2、汉唐期间,活动于中国东北地区的主要少数民族有哪些?并指出其大致范围和重要遗存 3、简述唐宋瓷器发展概况

2001年试题 中国考古学通论 一、回答下列概念(10分) 1、考古学: 2、考古学文化: 遗迹: 遗物 3、相对年代: 二、写出下列青铜器名称(20分) 山西长治分水岭春秋中期墓葬青铜器 三、简述层位学发掘的原则(30) 四、谈谈考古学与自然科学手段结合的新趋势(40分) 旧石器考古、环境考古与体质人类学 一、名词解释(3×10) 匼河文化:莫斯特文化:北京猿人:南方古猿:夏娃理论:克罗马农人第四纪地质学金牛山人 基因:人种学 二、简答题(10×3) 1、早期智人生活在旧石器时代的哪个阶段?其主要文化特征有哪些? 2、举例说明环境因素对人种形成的影响

武汉大学2017博士英语

武汉大学 2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题 (满分值100分) 科目名称:英语科目代码:1101 注意:所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上,凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。 Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points) Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One Mr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire. On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average. Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth. Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.

吉林大学考博英语2012年真题.doc

吉林大学考博英语2012年真题 (总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟) 一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary an(总题数:30,分数:30.00) https://www.360docs.net/doc/b4225669.html,nguage, culture, and personality may be considered ______ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.(分数:1.00) A.indistinct B.separate C.irrelevant D.independent 2.The work was done in the ______ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.(分数:1.00) A.context B.contest C.pretext D.texture 3.The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt was ______ by the board of trustees.(分数:1.00) A.approved B.frustrated C.disclosed D.justified 4.Some journalists are fond of overstating the situation so that their news may create a great ______.(分数:1.00) A.explosion B.sensation C.exaggerating D.stimulation 5.There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, ______ there was little to disprove it.(分数:1.00) A.by the same token B.under the same condition C.at the same stage D.for the same purpose 6.Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be ______ in some form.(分数:1.00) A.given off B.put out C.set off https://www.360docs.net/doc/b4225669.html,ed up 7.The United Nations Conferences on the Law of the sea would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its ______ declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.(分数:1.00) A.unanimous B.abstract C.autonomous D.almighty 8.This growth in the ______ of diabetes is due, in part, to an increase in obesity.(分数:1.00) A.inference

吉林大学考博英语真题解析

吉林大学考博英语真题解析 Section I Listening Comprehension(20points) Part A(5points) 1.highlands; 2.20; https://www.360docs.net/doc/b4225669.html,d; 4.November; 5.22. Part B(5points) 6.A(technology)forecaster; https://www.360docs.net/doc/b4225669.html,ernment agencies; 8.(a)meaningful(exercise); 9.open to change; 10.Trust and cooperation. Part C(10points) 11.D12.B13.C14.D15.A16.C17.B18.A19.A 20.C Section II Use of English(10points) 21.C22.D23.A24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A 30.B31.A32.C33.D34.B35.A36.B37.B38.D39.A 40.C Section III Reading Comprehension(50points) Part A(40points) 41.C42.A43.D44.B45.C46.A47.D48.C49.B 50.D51.D52.A53.B54.A55.C56.C57.A58.D59.B

60.C Part B(10points) 61.希腊人认为,语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根更多院校的考博英语真题及其解析或考博英语辅导体验请拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八,加咨询扣扣七七二六七八五三七。 62.我们之所有感激他们(两位先驱),是因为在此之后,这些(土著)语言中有一些已经不复存在了,这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。 63.这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著,以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。 64.Who r f对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,逐渐形成了这样的观点:在一个社会中,语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。 65.Who r f进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,其极端说法是:语言禁锢思维,语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。 Section IV Writing(20points) 66.(略) 评分标准 I听力: A节:5小题,每题1分,共5分。 B节:5小题,每题1分,共5分。 C节:10小题,每题1分,共10分。 A、B两节对大、小写(专有名词除外)和标点符号不做要求,英、美拼法均可接受,但拼写错误不给分。

吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析

吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part I Vocabulary and Structure(30points) Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1.The safari hunter was nearly________to death by a herd of elephants. A.stampeded B.trampled C.trod D.stamped 2.She felt that she was too________with problems to be able to study properly. A.burdened B.tired C.grieved D.disturbed 3.The roof________under the weight of the snow. A.fell B.submerged C.collapsed D.descended 4.His criticism injured Jenny’s________.So she is feeling sad now. A.divinity B.indignity C.ego D.mind 5.Hundreds of people________on the playground for watching the Dragon Lantern show. A.contrived B.conformed C.conferred D.converged 6.The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is therefore, not________to work locally. https://www.360docs.net/doc/b4225669.html,pelled B.obliged C.restricted D.repelled 7.The doctors don’t________that the patient will live much longer. A.monitor B.manifest C.articulate D.anticipate 8.Knowing that he had been admitted to Cambridge University,he was too excited to be ________on the phone. A.coincidental B.identical C.same D.coherent 9.Hard work and malnutrition________his health and he looked thin and pale. A.impaired B.promoted C.accelerated D.smashed 10.Since you changed lanes without signaling,you are as much to________for the accident as us. A.blame B.accusation C.condemnation D.charge 11.Although he is in his fifties,his________arms are as powerful as those of a young man. A.energetic B.gigantic C.muscular D.effective 12.The purpose of the lecture was to________the masses of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America. https://www.360docs.net/doc/b4225669.html,rm B.acquaint C.instruct D.announce 13.Our teacher didn’t have time so far to go into it________,but he gave us an idea about his plan. A.in turn B.at hand C.in conclusion D.at length 14.She often says her greatest happiness________serving the handicapped children. A.consists in B.relies on https://www.360docs.net/doc/b4225669.html,poses of https://www.360docs.net/doc/b4225669.html,prises in 15.Whenever possible,Ian________how well he speaks Japanese. A.shows up B.shows around C.shows off D.shows out 16.________is known to the world,Mark Twain is a great American writer. A.That B.Which C.As D.It 1

吉大博士学位取得条件

发信人: fzr (龙三太子), 信区: BioAgr 标题: 吉林大学博士学位申请者学术成果基本要求及博士学位 发信站: 吉林大学牡丹园站(Wed Jul 8 12:19:09 2009) 吉林大学博士学位申请者学术成果基本要求及博士学位论文“双盲”评审工作暂行规定 一、博士学位申请者学术成果基本要求 (一)自然科学类博士研究生申请答辩,原则上必须公开发表与学位论文相关的、且被SC I收录的学术论文一篇。自然科学类博士研究生指在我校理学、工学、医学及农学学科学习的所有博士研究生。 (二)对从事应用类研究的自然科学类博士研究生(以下称“应用类博士研究生”),不 要求一定发表被SCI收录的学术论文。但必须同时满足以下要求: 1、参与实际到款经费在30万元以上的国家级项目或实际到款经费在50万元以上的横向项目的研究工作。其指导教师应为项目负责人。 2、获得发明专利一项,或公开发表与学位论文相关的、且被EI收录的学术论文三篇。 3、答辩前指导教师应写出对论文的详细介绍和评价,与论文一起送审。 4、博士学位论文由研究生院统一组织盲评。 应用类博士研究生的确认,根据其研究方向,在入学时,由培养单位会同导师进行确定。 (三)人文社会科学类博士研究生申请答辩,必须公开发表与学位论文相关的、且被SSCI 收录的学术论文一篇,或被CSSCI收录的学术论文两篇。人文社会科学类博士研究生指在我校哲学、经济学、法学、文学、历史学及管理学学科学习的所有博士研究生。 各学科学位评定分委员会可根据各自学科特点,制定不低于上述要求的标准,由所在学部 学位评定分委员会讨论和确认,并由学部学位评定分委员会报校学位评定委员会办公室( 以下简称学位办),经校学位委员会研究通过后,从2009年入学的博士研究生开始实施。 二、吉林大学博士学位论文“双盲”评审工作的规定 所有博士学位论文一律采取“双盲”评审方式进行评审。 1、学位办首先在各二级学科按一定比例随机抽取一定数量的论文进行“双盲”评审。其余 所有学位论文由所在培养单位自行组织“双盲”评审。 2、为确保评审结果的公平、公正和标准统一,各二级学科对评审单位的选择要本着学术水平相当、相对集中的原则。 3、“双盲”评审单位原则上应为设有研究生院的国内高校或中国科学院、中国社会科学院 所属各研究所。每学期博士学位论文送审工作开始前,各培养单位应将各二级学科“双盲 ”评审单位报学位办审查。 4、“双盲”评审数量至少为两份。 博士学位论文“双盲”评审工作的规定自发布之日起实施。 吉林大学研究生院 2009年7月3日

吉林大学考博英语2015年真题

吉林大学考博英语2015年真题 Part ⅠVocatulary and Structure Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 1. If you divide 7 by 3, you have 1 ______. A.left over B.left out C.left off D.left about 答案:A [解答] 动词词组辨析。left over“留下,剩下”;left out“遗漏;忽略”;left off“戒除;停止;不再用”;left about“乱放,乱丢”。根据语境判断,left over符合句意。句意为:7除以3余1。故答案为A。 2. This ticket ______ you to a free meal in our new restaurant. A.permits B.entitles C.grants D.credits 答案:B [解答] 动词词义辨析。entitle sb. to sth. “给……权利;给……资格”;grant“同意;准予;授予”,一般跟双宾语;permit sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”;credit sth. to“把……归于”:credit sb. with sth.“认为……有(某种优点或成就)”。符合语境且搭配正确的是entitle。句意为:凭这张券你可在我们的新餐厅免费就餐一次。故答案为B。 3. Digging the foundation is the first ______ of our building project. A.procession

2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题

2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题 1. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds from armaments to health and education. A. derive B. deprive C. dispatch D. divert 2. To fund the event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD). A. beneficent B. expensive C. costly D. luxurious 3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. A. outdone B. outweighed C. outrun D. outrivaled 4. With the economy of the country going strong, the mood is optimism. A. presiding B. circulating C. floating D. prevailing 5. The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking their in the jungle after dark. A. victim B. favorite C. prey D. sacrifice 6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to its 90,000-person workforce into independent micro teams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions. A. break out 、 B. break off C. break from D. break down 7. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and by its decisions. A. stand B. observe C. abide D. precede 8. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very . A. obscure B. indefinite C. dubious D. intriguing 9. Please don’t too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.

2017年上海交通大学考博英语试题回忆

2017年上海交通大学博士入学测试英语试题回忆 阅读理解Passage One Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II. In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level. In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters. One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability —rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The construction of apartments in the United States. (B) Causes and effects of rent control (C) The fluctuations of rental prices (D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States. 2. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California? (A) rapid population growth (B) inflation (C) economic conditions during wartime (D) record-high housing prices 3. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to (A) protect tenants

吉林大学2012年考博英语完形填空及答案

吉林大学2012年考博英语完型填空真题及答案 Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___ and well maintained, with___3___ sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not always the most ___4___ one. Large highways often pass ___5___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally ___6___ large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with ___7___ traffic during rush hours, ___8___ the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route. However, there is almost always another route to take ___9___ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ___10___ new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___11___ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. ___12___ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___13___ , or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places ___15___ the air is clean and scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world. 1. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore 2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated 3. A. little B. few C. much D. many 4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable

相关文档
最新文档