锁定标志词,巧解倒装句

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锁定标志词,巧解倒装句

甘肃省临泽一中连世华 734200

《高中生》2012第6期

英语中,通常句子的主语位于谓语动词的前面,这种语序叫自然语序或者陈述句语序。在某些句型中,为了保持句子的平衡或为了强调某一部分并使得上下文衔接紧密,会出现句子的谓语动词或谓语的一部分要放在主语的前面,这种语序的句子就叫倒装句。倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种形式,是历年高考的必考点之一。解题时,只要锁定标志词,分清倒装的类型,就可以轻松破解倒装句。本文结合近年高考真题,列举倒装句的常见考点,以期对广大考生有所裨益。

标志一:never,little,hardly,seldom,no,not,scarcely,barely,by no means,in no case,in no time,in no way,not a bit,no longer,at no time等否定词。否定词置于句首时,句子要进行部分倒装,其结构为:否定词+助动词+主语+其他。

如:Never have I seen such a good film.。=I have never seen such a good film.。

高考链接:

--It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!

--I’m glad you like it. (2011福建卷)

A. I have had

B. I had

C. have I had

D. had I

解析:句首never是一个否定词,否定词置于句首,构成部分倒装,助动词+主语,排除A和B;before表时间,可以放到句末,是现在完成时的标志词,故选C。

标志二:only +状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)。only +状语放于句首时,句子要进行部分倒装。其方法是将句子改为一般疑问句的语序。

如:Only in this way can you learn English well. =You can learn English well only in this way.

高考链接:

Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year. (2011全国卷I)

A. he realized

B. he did realize

C. realized he

D. did he realize

解析:句首为only+when引导的时间状语从句,构成部分倒装,即助动词+主语,故答案为D。

注意:

(1)only +状语从句等位于句首时,句子要进行部分倒装,倒装部分要放在主句上,而不是从句上,即“主倒从不倒”。

(2)当only 修饰主语置于句首时句子不倒装。如:Only he can do the job well.

标志三:地点介词短语+不及物动词(lie/stand/sit/exist/be)。表地点的介词短语置于句首,一般要构成完全倒装。其结构是:地点状语+谓语动词+主语。如:(To the )East of our school lies an old temple.

高考链接:

At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China. (2010重庆)

A. lies Chongqing

B. Chongqing lies

C. does lie Chongqing

D. does Chongqing lie

解析:句首为表示地点的介词短语,构成完全倒装,所以选A项。

注意:

这种结构中应特别注意“主谓一致”,谓语动词要和后面的主语保持人称和数的一致。如:

Inside the Pyramids are burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages

to these rooms.

标志四:so/neither/nor+助动词+主语。题干为肯定句时,用so开头的句子表示“……

也一样”;题干为否定句时,用neither/nor开头表示“……也不”,其结构是“so/neither/nor

+助动词(系动词或情态动词)+主语”。如:

He went abroad,so did I.

He doesn’t like eating apple, neither do I.

Tom couldn’t read, nor could Jack.

高考链接:

Mary never does any reading in the evening, .(2005全国)

A. so does John

B. John does too.

C. John doesn’t too.

D. nor does John.

解析:题干为否定句,故应该用neither/nor+助动词+主语,选D。

注意:

(1)当so开头的句子表示“……也一样”时,句子才要倒装;而若表示对前面内容的

肯定,译作“的确如此,正是这样”,句子不倒装。如:

—I reminded you not to forget the appointment. 我提醒过你别忘记了约会。

— So you did. 的确如此。

(2)倒装句中要依据题干的谓语动词选择合适的助动词、系动词或情态动词,并与倒

装句的主语保持人称和数的一致。

标志五:so+形容词或副词。若so引导的部分放于句首时,主句中常要部分倒装。其结

构是“so+形容词或副词+助动词(系动词)+that引导的从句”。如:

So hard does she works that she always gets the first place in her class. =She works so hard that she always gets the first place in her class.

高考链接:

So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape. (2009山东)

A. did the attack

B. the attack did

C. was the attack

D. the attack was

解析:so ..that句子结构中,若so与其所修饰的词置于句首,需要倒装,句中sudden

是形容词,作表语,所以选C。

标志六:形容词(过去分词、介词短语)+系动词。当做表语的形容词、过去分词、介

词短语等位于句首时,构成完全倒装,即表语+系动词+主语。特别注意表语为such的情况。如:

Such are the facts; no one can deny them.

Present at the conference were many famous people.

高考链接:

is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.(2009辽宁)

A. Such

B. This

C. That

D. So

解析:根据句意“电视的力量就是如此:它能够让一个人突然成名。”,可以知道,此处

要表示“如此,这样”,用such或so,且空格处和后面的that从句表示的是相同的内容,

该从句为同位语从句,不是so/such…that这个结构,故选A。

标志七:副词+不及物动词。如果副词here/there/now/then/in/out/up/down/away/off

等放在句首,句子的谓语动词为表示“移动”的不及物动词go/come/run/rush/fly等,且

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