锁定标志词,巧解倒装句

锁定标志词，巧解倒装句
甘肃省临泽一中连世华 734200
《高中生》2012第6期
英语中，通常句子的主语位于谓语动词的前面，这种语序叫自然语序或者陈述句语序。

在某些句型中，为了保持句子的平衡或为了强调某一部分并使得上下文衔接紧密，会出现句子的谓语动词或谓语的一部分要放在主语的前面，这种语序的句子就叫倒装句。

倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种形式，是历年高考的必考点之一。

解题时，只要锁定标志词，分清倒装的类型，就可以轻松破解倒装句。

本文结合近年高考真题，列举倒装句的常见考点，以期对广大考生有所裨益。

标志一：never，little，hardly，seldom，no，not，scarcely，barely，by no means，in no case，in no time，in no way，not a bit，no longer，at no time等否定词。

否定词置于句首时，句子要进行部分倒装，其结构为：否定词+助动词+主语+其他。

如：Never have I seen such a good film.。

=I have never seen such a good film.。

高考链接：
--It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!
--I’m glad you like it. （2011福建卷）
A. I have had
B. I had
C. have I had
D. had I
解析：句首never是一个否定词，否定词置于句首，构成部分倒装，助动词+主语，排除A和B；before表时间，可以放到句末，是现在完成时的标志词，故选C。

标志二：only +状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）。

only +状语放于句首时，句子要进行部分倒装。

其方法是将句子改为一般疑问句的语序。

如：Only in this way can you learn English well. =You can learn English well only in this way.
高考链接：
Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year. (2011全国卷I)
A. he realized
B. he did realize
C. realized he
D. did he realize
解析：句首为only+when引导的时间状语从句，构成部分倒装，即助动词+主语，故答案为D。

注意：
（1）only +状语从句等位于句首时，句子要进行部分倒装，倒装部分要放在主句上，而不是从句上，即“主倒从不倒”。

（2）当only 修饰主语置于句首时句子不倒装。

如：Only he can do the job well.
标志三：地点介词短语+不及物动词（lie/stand/sit/exist/be）。

表地点的介词短语置于句首，一般要构成完全倒装。

其结构是：地点状语+谓语动词+主语。

如：(To the )East of our school lies an old temple.
高考链接：
At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China. (2010重庆)
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
解析：句首为表示地点的介词短语，构成完全倒装，所以选A项。

注意：
这种结构中应特别注意“主谓一致”，谓语动词要和后面的主语保持人称和数的一致。

如：
Inside the Pyramids are burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages
to these rooms.
标志四：so/neither/nor+助动词+主语。

题干为肯定句时，用so开头的句子表示“……
也一样”；题干为否定句时，用neither/nor开头表示“……也不”，其结构是“so/neither/nor
+助动词（系动词或情态动词）+主语”。

如：
He went abroad，so did I.
He doesn’t like eating apple, neither do I.
Tom couldn’t read, nor could Jack.
高考链接：
Mary never does any reading in the evening, .（2005全国）
A. so does John
B. John does too.
C. John doesn’t too.
D. nor does John.
解析：题干为否定句，故应该用neither/nor+助动词+主语，选D。

注意：
（1）当so开头的句子表示“……也一样”时，句子才要倒装；而若表示对前面内容的
肯定，译作“的确如此，正是这样”，句子不倒装。

如：
—I reminded you not to forget the appointment. 我提醒过你别忘记了约会。

— So you did. 的确如此。

（2）倒装句中要依据题干的谓语动词选择合适的助动词、系动词或情态动词，并与倒
装句的主语保持人称和数的一致。

标志五：so+形容词或副词。

若so引导的部分放于句首时，主句中常要部分倒装。

其结
构是“so+形容词或副词+助动词（系动词）+that引导的从句”。

如：
So hard does she works that she always gets the first place in her class. =She works so hard that she always gets the first place in her class.
高考链接：
So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape. （2009山东）
A. did the attack
B. the attack did
C. was the attack
D. the attack was
解析：so ..that句子结构中，若so与其所修饰的词置于句首，需要倒装，句中sudden
是形容词，作表语，所以选C。

标志六：形容词（过去分词、介词短语）+系动词。

当做表语的形容词、过去分词、介
词短语等位于句首时，构成完全倒装，即表语+系动词+主语。

特别注意表语为such的情况。

如：
Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
Present at the conference were many famous people.
高考链接：
is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.（2009辽宁）
A. Such
B. This
C. That
D. So
解析：根据句意“电视的力量就是如此：它能够让一个人突然成名。

”，可以知道，此处
要表示“如此，这样”，用such或so，且空格处和后面的that从句表示的是相同的内容，
该从句为同位语从句，不是so/such…that这个结构，故选Ａ。

标志七：副词+不及物动词。

如果副词here/there/now/then/in/out/up/down/away/off
等放在句首，句子的谓语动词为表示“移动”的不及物动词go/come/run/rush/fly等，且
主语为名词时，构成完全倒装，即副词+不及物动词+名词。

如：
There goes the phone again.
高考链接：
For a moment nothing happened. Then all shouting together. （2009福建）
A. voices had come
B. came voices
C. voices would come
D. did voices come
解析：副词then位于句首，谓语动词为选项中的come，且句子的主语是名词voices，使用全部倒装，选B。

标志八：形容词（副词、动词、名词）＋though/as。

在though和as引导的让步状语从句中，常构成一种特殊的倒装形式，即把从句中作表语或状语的形容词、副词、名词或谓语中的实义动词提前，从句中使用陈述语序。

如：
Strange as/though it may seem, he has arrived early.
Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
Much as/though I admire him, I don’t envy him.
Try as/though he may, he will not pass the exam.
高考链接：
Unsatisfied with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. （2009重庆）
A. though was he
B. though he was
C. he was though
D. was he though
解析：句首为形容词，题干中有引导词though，可判断为让步状语从句的倒装形式，从句其他部分为陈述语序，故选Ｂ。

标志九：were/had/should＋主语。

在省略if的虚拟条件从句中，如果从句中含有助动词were，had或should，可以将连词if 省去，把were，had或should提至主语前，从而构成特殊倒装句型。

如：
1. Had it been possible（=If it had been possible）, would you have done it?
2. Were I you（=If I were you）, I wouldn’t go.
3. Should it rain tomorrow（=If it should rain tomorrow）, I wouldn’t go.
精选练习：
1. Only in recent years ______ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.
A. people have
B. since people have
C. have people
D. people who have
2. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice ______ his head.
A. that he turned
B. did he turn
C. he didn’t turn
D. he had turned
3. Not only _______ about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
A. the customer complained
B. when the customer complained
C. did the customer complain
D. the customer did complain
4．_______ for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded.
A. Had not it been
B. Had it not been
C. There was
D. Is there
5. So fast ______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A. light travel
B. travels the light
C. do light travel
D.does light travel
6. By no means ______ their own language well.
A. it is true that all English people know
B. is it true that do all English people know
C. it is true that do all English people know
D. is it true that all English people know
7. No sooner ______ the theatre than the film Tony began.
A. reached
B. had I reached
C. I had reached
D. did I reach
8. Little _______ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care
B. did he care
C. he cares
D. he cared
9. _________, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A. As long as I traveled
B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have travel so much
10. ---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
---I don’t know, ___________.
A. nor don’t I care
B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care neither
D. I don’t care also
11. On the ground ___________ a sick goat, whose life was in danger.
A. lay
B. lays
C. lying
D. laying
12. _________, his face as white as a sheet of paper.
A. A boy rushing in
B. In a boy rushed
C. Rushed a boy in
D. In rushed a boy
13. ________ on the blackboard ___________ the names of those who were late yesterday.
A. Written, were
B. Written, was
C. Writing, was
D. Writing, were
14. No sooner ______ the theatre than the film Tony began.
A. reached
B. had I reached
C. I had reached
D. did I reach
15. Important ____ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.
A. to
B. for
C. as
D. although。