武汉大学大学英语期末复习资料

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大学英语期末知识点大一

大学英语期末知识点大一大学英语是大一学生必修的一门课程，它的内容丰富多样，包括英语单词、语法、阅读理解、听力和口语等方面的知识。

下面将针对大学英语期末考试的几个重要知识点进行详细介绍。

一、英语单词掌握一定量的英语词汇是理解和应用英语语言的基础。

在期末考试中，通常会涉及词汇选择、词义辨析以及填空等题型。

为了提高词汇量，我们可以通过背单词卡片、词汇书以及在线词汇学习工具来进行学习。

此外，利用单词在句子中的实际运用场景，可以加深对单词的记忆。

二、语法知识掌握英语语法是理解和构建正确句子的基础。

在期末考试中，语法知识主要体现在填空、改错和翻译等题型中。

常见的语法知识点包括时态、语态、虚拟语气、从句和介词等。

我们可以通过阅读语法书籍、练习语法题以及做语法习题来加强对语法知识的掌握。

三、阅读理解阅读理解是大学英语考试的重要组成部分。

在期末考试中，通常会涉及短文的理解、主旨概括、细节把握以及文章写作意图等方面的题目。

为了提高阅读理解能力，我们可以多读英语文章，培养阅读习惯和速度，并学会使用扫读和略读等阅读技巧。

四、听力听力是大学英语考试的另一个重要部分。

期末考试中，听力部分通常包括听对话、听短文和听长对话等。

要提高听力能力，我们可以多听英语材料，如英语歌曲、电影、英语广播等，锻炼自己的听力理解能力。

同时，可以通过做听力练习题和模拟考试，提高对于听力材料的理解和把握。

五、口语口语是英语学习的重要环节之一。

在期末考试中，通常会有口语考试的部分。

为了提高口语表达能力，我们可以多与他人进行英语对话，加入英语角或者组织口语交流活动。

此外，可以模仿英语原声录音或者参加英语口语培训班，提高自己的发音和口语表达能力。

总结起来，大学英语期末考试的知识点主要包括英语单词、语法、阅读理解、听力和口语。

要想在考试中取得好成绩，我们需要通过积极学习相关知识，掌握相关技巧，并进行充分的练习和训练。

只有融会贯通，才能在大学英语的学习中取得好成绩。

武汉大学英语试题及答案a卷

武汉大学英语试题及答案a卷一、听力理解（共20分）1. What does the man mean by saying "It's not my day"?A. He's feeling very tired.B. He's having bad luck.C. He's not feeling well.D. He's not working today.2. What does the woman imply by saying "I'm all ears"?A. She's bored.B. She's eager to listen.C. She's not interested.D. She's busy.3. What is the man's opinion about the movie?A. It's too long.B. It's very exciting.C. It's boring.D. It's educational.4. Why does the woman refuse the man's offer?A. She doesn't like the color.B. She doesn't need it.C. She doesn't like the style.D. She's already got one.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A trip.B. A book.C. A movie.D. A restaurant.二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1In this passage, the author discusses the importance of environmental protection. The article highlights the consequences of pollution and the need for sustainable practices.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Environmental protection is crucial.B. Pollution is a minor issue.C. Sustainable practices are unnecessary.D. The consequences of pollution are unknown.7. According to the passage, which of the following is a result of pollution?A. Improved air quality.B. Increased biodiversity.C. Loss of wildlife habitats.D. Reduced energy consumption.8. What does the author suggest as a solution to environmental problems?A. Ignoring the issue.B. Implementing sustainable practices.C. Relying on technology alone.D. Waiting for natural processes to correct the problem.Passage 2This passage is about the history of the internet and its impact on society. It explores the origins of the internet and how it has transformed communication, business, and education.9. When was the internet first developed?A. In the 1960s.B. In the 1970s.C. In the 1980s.D. In the 1990s.10. Which of the following is NOT an impact of the internet on society?A. Faster communication.B. Increased privacy concerns.C. The rise of e-commerce.D. A decline in the use of landlines.11. What does the author believe about the future of the internet?A. It will become obsolete.B. It will continue to evolve.C. It will be replaced by a new technology.D. It will have no further impact on society.三、完形填空（共20分）In this section, you will read a short passage with blanks. Choose the best word from the four options to complete the passage.12. A: I'm really worried about the final exam.B: Don't ________. Just do your best.A. give upB. worryC. hurryD. forget13. The ________ of the old building was completed last year.A. constructionB. destructionC. protectionD. renovation14. She has a ________ for classical music.A. passionB. fearC. dislikeD. doubt15. The company is ________ a new product.A. developingB. testingC. sellingD. advertising四、翻译（共15分）Translate the following sentences into English.16. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越方便。

武汉大学博士学位英语期末考试复习资料

2019武汉大学博士学位英语考试重点复习一、段落分析第一课的第三段：Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramatically affect people and organizations on a wide scale. Besides its many uses in commerce, office work, and manufacturing, it will also improve health care, provide new ways to shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally permeate the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives. It will help us pursue old and new pleasures, and it will encourage new art forms, which may be criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done. It will also improve education and training, first in specific and established ways and later through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizatio ns from tiny companies to entire第一课的第十二段：The wise eye will also see that the Information Marketplace is much influential than its parts—the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, they present a much greater power—the power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town in Alaska, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far greater than第八课的第一段：Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies. In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incanmonuments in Peru, Celtic cairns in Wales, Khmer statues in Cambodia, and magnificent第八课的第二段Easter Island, celebrated for the giant statues left by its vanished civilization, is unique in archaeology because of its isolation from its neighbors. Current archaeological evidence indicates that some 1,600 years ago the island's first settlers, explorers from Polynesia, found themselves in a pristine paradise with subtropical forests, dozens of wild bird species, and no predators. They multiplied and prospered, distributing resources in a manner that suggests a sophisticated economy and complex political system. Rival clans erected ever-larger statues on platforms, emulating the stone carvings of their Polynesian forebears, trying to surpass each other with displays of power and wealth.第八课的第四段：It is likely that changes in the forest occurred over decades and would have been difficult to detect immediately. An islander might easily have missed the long-term trend, thinking: “This year we cleared those woods over there, but trees are starting to grow back again over here.”Furthermore, any islander who issued a warning against the oncoming disaster would have been silenced by the ruling class. Chiefs, priests, and stone carvers all depended on the status quo to第八课的第六段：Humanity may not act in time to prevent the decimation of the rain forests, fossil fuels, arable land, and fisheries. In only 40 years, Ethiopia’s forest cover shrank from 30% to 1%. During the same time period, the rest of the world lost half of its rain forests. Powerful decision-making groups ignore those who sound an alarm; their political, economic, and religious agendas fail to address the第八课的第八段：If we are going to avoid the fate of the Easter Islanders, we must change the myths that are leading us toward extinction and find inspiring visions of a plausible and appealing future. The old myths have collapsed, but no new ones have emerged to fill the vacuum. For transformation to occur, human beings must actively shape the future, an enterprise that goes to the heart of mythmaking. If we are each a cell in what Peter Russell calls “The Global Brain,”then this is an第八课的第十二段：But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers increased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides——first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize——was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to aboriginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug第八课的第二十五段：The third principle is to identify real-life situations in which antagonists can find common ground. With a recognition of the limitations of linguistic exchange, postmodernists urge that groups “press beyond dialogue.”For example, athletes and musicians from all walks of life can generate smooth and effective teams or musical groups. Business executives and scientists from conflicting backgrounds are often able to work together to generate multinational corporations and二、文章结构分析第八课1-4段Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies. In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incan monuments in Peru, Celtic cairns in Wales, Khmer statues in Cambodia, and magnificent ziggurat-like structures in central Africa.Easter Island, celebrated for the giant statues left by its vanished civilization, is unique in archaeology because of its isolation from its neighbors. Current archaeological evidence indicates that some 1,600 years ago the island’s first settlers, explorers from Polynesia, found themselves in a pristine paradise with subtropical forests, dozens of wild bird species, and no predators. They multiplied and prospered, distributing resources in a manner that suggests a sop histicated economy and complex political system. Rival clans erected ever-larger statues on platforms, emulating the stone carvings of their Polynesian forebears, trying to surpass each other with displays of power and wealth.Eventually, as the island’s population grew to 20,000 people, the forests were cut more rapidly than they regenerated. Trees were transformed into fuel, canoes, and houses, as well as rollers and ropes to transport the gigantic stone heads. In time, the absence of wood for sea going canoesreduced the fish catches, while erosion and deforestation diminished crop yields. The growing populace consumed the local bird and animal populations. When the island could no longer feed its human population, the political and religious oligarchy that had directed and distributed the local resources began to languish. Many archaeologists believe the ruling class was overthrown by warriors. In the ensuing disorder, clan fought clan fought clan, toppling and desecrating each other’s statues. When the Europeans arrived on Easter Sunday, 1772, the once-fertile island was barren and desolate. Its remaining inhabitants, only a fraction of the numbers a few generations earlier, were heirs to a once-greater society that had degenerated into violence, starvation, and cannibalism.It is likely that changes in the forest occurred over decades and would have been difficult to detect immediately. An islander might easily have missed the long-term trend, thinking: “This year we cleared those woods over there, but trees are starting to grow back again over here.”Furthermore, any islander who issued a warning against the oncoming disaster would have been silenced by the ruling class. Chiefs, priests, and stone carvers all depended on the status quo to retain their positions and privileges.附：武汉大学博士研究生英语试题Part I Documental Analysis 20%Attention: Analyze the following paragraph according to the requirements of perspective, method and skill, and questions.But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers increased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides--first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize--was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to aboriginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and spouse and child abuse went up.Part II Article Analysis 15%Attention:Fill the chart according to the requirements based on your understanding of the following article.1. We live in times that are harsh but exciting, where everyone agrees that we are moving to a new level of civilization. Principles, values, ways of life, will no longer be the same; but as yet we are not really ready for these changes; we are faced with inventing the future and also bringing it into operation, progressively; we make experiments and we frequently make mistakes; but we are beginning to know what we want when we talk of justice, freedom and democracy. The scientific and technological community is directly involved in the questions that arise. Following those ofour generation, the demands of your generation will continue until these aims have been at least partially achieved.2. The closeness of scientific problems to political problems is such that scientific workers are not, far from it, protected from socio-economic vicissitudes. So much so that they sometimes express the same needs as all other workers and join them in this context; but they also call for specific measures. Like everyone else we need freedom but we especially need freedom of expression for our scientific and technological ideas; we need this even if it is only to put them forward for criticism. We don't ask for any particular privilege but we would like the efforts made to be evaluated at their actual worth, in the interests of society.3. If our federation is so active in working for a statement of the rights and responsibilities of scientific workers, it is because we wish to resolve this problem in a way appropriate to most countries.4. So you will certainly play an important part in society, even if this is not always readily recognized by society, because scientific and technological knowledge and expertise are the context in which future economic, social and political changes will take place. Whatever you do, you cannot ignore them and, whatever is said, society will not be able to ignore you. You will also have a decisive part to play, and perhaps an even more difficult one, in the scientific and technological community itself. The whole extension of this community and its interaction with society as a whole leads scientific workers to get involved in all political debates, crises and decisions. You will have to note the essential demands of science as such; it is not simply a matter of protecting society from unacceptable consequences; one must also protect scientific activity from political and financial meddling.5. It is vital to safeguard the basic honesty of science, the honesty that is basic to its metho d. Whenever, in the history of science, this honesty has been set aside, the consequences have been serious. I am not speaking merely of the suicide or disgrace of an individual but of the social and economic damage arising from such lapses. There are worse possibilities: at a time when problems are increasingly complex, with ever widening political implications, we need science to be technically dependable and socially credible. In a world of turbulence, science's saving grace is not simply material but lies in its rationality.Part III Writing 25%Attention: Write an essay on the following topic with substantial evidence and good reasoning (e.g.in a linear way) in more than 300 words.How to Write English Well as a PhD Candidate---- On My Class ExperiencePart I. Documental Analysis 20% Topic: ______________________________ ______________________________Perspective(s): ____________________________________________________Method(s): ______________________________________________________Skill(s): _______________________________ _______________________________Questions: ________________________________________________________Part II. Article Analysis 15%。

武汉大学硕士英语期末考试复习包

武汉大学硕士研究生英语期末考试资料包考试题型及出题范围基本如下，(期末卷面成绩占70%,平时上课及作业20%,口语考试10%)(1)听力理解20题(20%):课内(听说课本的part1and2)占15%,课外5%.均为选择题(四选一)(2)词汇25题(25%):阅读课本五个单元TextＡ中的黑体字是重点，均为选择题(四选一)．(3)阅读理解20题（20％)课外两篇长度大约1000字的阅读文章，均为选择题(四选一)．(4)翻译（15％）：英译汉4句，选自(1/3/4/5/7单元/)五篇课内阅读文章；汉译英3句（或一小段），选自翻译课本（汉译英那一章）(5)写作（20％）：给两篇文章，长度1000字左右，选读一篇并写出约180字的summary．Unit1translation1.it’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the reasons for the disappointing results of attempts at communications.在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。

2.one answer to the question of why misunderstanding or rejection happens might be that many of us naively assume there are sufficient similarities among peoples of the world to enable us to successfully exchange information or feelings,solve problems of mutual concerns,cement business relationships,or just make the kind of impression we wish to make.为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。

武汉大学研究生英语期末试题-2010(含答案及评分)

English Examination for Graduates (Paper A)(January 18th, 2010)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. A. Because they don’t know the custom.B. Because they emphasize equality of the sexes.C. Because it’s customary for ladies to push chairs for men at a dinner table in America.D. Because usually the host or hostess pushes the chairs for women at a dinner table .2. A. Americans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Europeans dothe opposite.B. Americans use both hands while Europeans use only one hand when eating.C. Europeans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans dothe opposite.D. Europeans keep the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans usejustone hand and keep the other one on their lap.3. A. Europeans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Americans between bites.B. Americans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Europeans between bites.C. Americans drink coffee before the meal while Europeans after the meal.D. Europeans drink coffee before the meal while Americans after the meal.4. A. Leaving a spoon in a soup bowl or a coffee cup.B. Leaving a spoon in any dish.C. Putting a coffee spoon on the saucer or a soup spoon on the service table.D. Putting all the spoons on the tablecloth.5. A. As long as you like. B. Two or three hours.C. As long as the host and hostess ask.D. Less than one hour.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. A. Indifferent. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Neutral.7. A. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.B. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, enhancement.C. Discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, potentiality, enhancement.D. Sustainability, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.8. A. It believes that the community is only a socially constructed experience.B. It believes that the community is only an ecologically grounded place.C. It denies conflicts among stakeholder groups.D. It is a community tourism planning approach uniting the themes of social development andecological sustainability.9. A. Because it not only generates hospitality that helps make a community a desirabledestination, but also helps share scarce resources.B. Because it helps mitigate conflicts arising over resource distribution and use.C. Because it respects individual perspectives.D. Because it provides capital to tourism community.10.A. Sustainable Tourism. B. Travel Ecology.C. Sustainable Tourism Models.D. Community Tourism Models.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because they don’t know the relationship between tobacco and disease.B. Because they have a strong inclination to smoke.C. Because they have been forbidden to smoke by the governments.D. Because there were no institutions which persuade them not to smoke.12.A. Because they are unusually subject to cigarette advertising.B. Because tobacco taxes take up a large part of their revenue.C. Because they don’t think tobacco can do harm to people’s mind.D. Because they are innocent of the link between tobacco and disease.13.A. Cigarette advertising only appeals to the young men.B. Cigarette advertising appeals to adults.C. Cigarette advertising is attractive to people who already smoke.D. Cigarette advertising also appeals to kids.14.A. Because they regard smoking as a symbol of sexual ability and even success.B. Because they are addicted to nicotine.C. Because they want to get more tobacco taxes.D. Because they regard smoking as a kind of sports.15.A. Smoking and tobacco taxes. B. Smoking in developing countries.C. Smoking and cigarette advertising.D. Tobacco industry.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.16.A. Putting a roof on a barn. B. Harvesting water reedsC. Using stone as a building materialD. Daily farm operations17.A. Clay tiles. B. Slate or stone.C. Wooden shingles.D. Reeds or straw.18.A. Later colonists did not know how to thatch.B. Thatching was considered dangerous.C. Other roofing materials were available.D. Thatching was unsuitable for the climate.19.A. It’s manufactured to be strong. B. It bends without breaking.C. Thatchers nail it down securely.D. The winds can pass through it easily.20.A. If people had more time to learn how to do it.B. If its cost went down.C. If it could make buildings more attractive.D. If people realized its many advantages.II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/herbehaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the national economic developmentas a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages at least in the shortrun, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and willconsequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry with me because Iwon’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dipinto funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavylosses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm,may be feeling that the Americans are being _______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually ______ their mothers and fathersuntil they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time a nd money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effectsare perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everything from thefamily---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big ho use. He’s really living on easy street.”A. siblingsB. soberingsC. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment ______ and economic developmentthroughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the time women spentgathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile.An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want tohurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it was irreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD. inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become moreconscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancient civilization in thetown is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese payrespect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowl edge, they will firstly try tounderstand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendshipbefore I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along outof inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionIII. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1Science fiction (SF) can provide students interested in the future with a basic introduction tothe concept of thinking about the possible futures in a serious way, a sense of emotional forces intheir own culture that are affecting the shape the future may take, and a multitude of extrapolations (prediction) regarding the results of present trends . There is one particular type of story that can be especially valuable as a stimulus to discussion of these issues both in courses on the future and in social science courses in general----the story which presents well-worked-out, detailed societies that differ significantly from the society of the reader. In fact, whatever the reliability of its predictions, SF is actually a more important vehicle for speculative visions about macroscopic social change. At this level, it is hard to deal with any precision as to when general value changes or evolving social institutions might appear, but it is most important to think about the kinds of societies that could result from the rise of new forms of interaction, even if one cannot predict exactly when they might occur.In performing this “what if …”function, SF can act as a social laboratory as authors ruminate upon (think about) the forms social relationships could take if key variables in their own societies were different, and upon what new belief systems or mythologies could arise in the future to provide the basic rationalizations for human activities. If it is true that more people find it difficult to conceive of the ways in which their society, or human nature itself, could undergo fundamental changes, then SF of this type may provoke one’s imagination to consider the diversity of paths potentially open to society.Moreover, if SF is the laboratory of the imagination, its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out. That is, SF has always had a certain cybernetic effect on society, as its visions emotionally engage the future-consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities. The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced by its image of the future; in this way particularly powerful SF images may become self-fulfilling or self-avoiding prophecies for society. For that matter, some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-styles after appealing models provided by SF stories. The reincarnation (reappearance) and diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up an augmented SF’s social feedback effects. Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo form the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it. This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed in this section.It must be noted that this perspective of SF has been questioned by some critics. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SF writers exhibit an impact conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections (new ideas ) are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or of historical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future. Robert Bloch has conveniently summarized the kind of future society presented by the average SF writer as consisting of a totalitarian state in which psychochemical techniques (the use of mind- altering drugs) keep the populace quiet; an underground which the larger-than-life hero can join; and scientists who gladly turn over their discoveries to those in power. Such tales covertly assume that human nature as we know it will remain stable and that twentieth-century Anglo-American culture and moral values, especially traditional economic incentives, will continue to dominate the world. Most SF authors have found it as hard as most other mortals to extrapolate (guess)social mores different from those operating within their own milieu (environment), so that, it has been charged, far from preparing the reader for future shock, SF is a literature that comfortably and smugly reassures him that the future willnot be radically different from the present.There is much truth to this analysis of SF. It is not easy to explain why so many stories seem to take as their future social settings nothing more ambiguous than the current status quo or its totally evil variant. Part of the answer may be that many authors of commercial SF writing received their professional training in science and engineering prior to World War II and were therefore not equipped or inclined to devise sophisticated social backgrounds in their plots. Be that as it may, the situation has changed dramatically in recent decades. There are an increasing number of stories which explicitly assume that future social patterns of family, government, religion, and the like need not be exactly the same as those of the present and that the forces which motivate men may also be subject to change. It is from such stories, and their predecessors in classical SF, that one may study examples of the impact of SF on the individual and collective imagination.46. Science fiction shows us happen in the future.A. what mayB. what must c. when changes will D. what we wish to47. Science fiction plays an important role in .A. forming social value and institutionsB. providing the basic rationalizations for human activitiesC. predicting the future societyD. providing the possible vision of social change in macro-scope48. A self-fulfilling prophecy is one that .A. predicts something unpleasantB. predicts something pleasantC. helps prediction to come trueD. does not come true49. Science fiction images will surely .A. influence the images of the present society partiallyB. influence the images of the present society negativelyC. influence the images of the present society positivelyD. influence the images of the present society imperatively50. The author’s opinion appears to be that SF .A. has little to offer societyB. can help to shape the way we behave in the present societyC. is always conservativeD. is unable to prepare the reader for future shock51. The inability of some SF writers to imagine alternative forms of society wasdue to their professional training.A. possiblyB. definitelyC. occasionallyD. known to be52. The author thinks the criticism that SF writers usually show a conservative biasis .A. justB. unjustC. becoming less true than it wasD. only true of classical SF53. In some critics’ eyes, classical science fiction is a literature .A. that displays the radically different social images in the futureB. that reveals what science fiction writers sincerely believedC. that does not show totally imaginary images of the future societyD. that informs readers of the future society54. The author’s main aim would seem to be to show how useful SF can be to .A. politiciansB. scientistsC. cyberneticistsD. students55. The overall tone of the piece is best described as .A. ironicB. humorousC. indignantD. informativePassage 21 Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: In case after case the difficulty could have been overcome --- or might never have arisen --- if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.2 Courtesy, politeness, good manners --- call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. “It’s not so much what my husband says,” a tearful wife confides, “as the way he says it. Why does he have to yell at me?”“I hate my boss,” a grim-faced office worker mutters. “He never shows appreciation for anything.”“All we get from our teenagers,” a harassed parent says, “is a sullen surliness.”3 Such complaints are not limited to people who sit in my study. Human beings everywhere hunger for courtesy. “Good manners,” said Ralph Waldo Emerson, “are the happy way of doing things.” And the reverse is equally true. Bad manners can ruin a day --- or wreck a friendship.4 What are the basic ingredients of good manners? Certainly a strong sense of justice is one; courtesy is often nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend once told me of driving along a one-lane, unpaved mountain road. Ahead was another car that produced clouds of choking dust, and it was a long way to the nearest paved highway. Suddenly, at a wider place, the car ahead pulled off the road. Thinking that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong. “No,” said the other driver. “But you’ve endured my dust this far; I’ll put up with yours the rest of the way.” There was a man with manners, and an innate sense of fair play.5 Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it. Recently in a book about a famous restaurant chain I came across such an episode.6 A man dining alone was trying to unscrew the cap of a bottle of catsup but his fingers were so badly crippled by arthritis that he couldn’t do it. He asked a young busboy to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back momentarily and loosened the cap without difficulty. Then he tightened it again. Turning back to the man, he feigned a great effort to open the bottle without success. Finally he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it --- but only with a pair of pliers. What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger? Courtesy, compassionate courtesy.7 Yet another component of politeness is the capacity to treat all people alike, regardless of all status or importance. Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.8 I truly believe that anyone can improve his or her manners by doing 3 things. First, by practicing courtesy. All skills require constant repetition to become second nature; good manners are no exception.9 One simple way is to concentrate on your performance in a specific area for about a week. Telephone manners, for example. How often do you talk too long, speak abruptly, and fail to identify yourself, keep people waiting, display impatience with the operator or fail to return a call?10 One difficult but essential thing to remember is to refuse to let other people’s bad manners goad you into retaliating in kind. I recall a story told by a young man who was in a car with hisfather one night when a driver in an oncoming vehicle failed to dim his lights. “Give him the brights, Dad!”the young man urged in exasperation. “Son,”replied the father, “that driver is certainly discourteous and probably stupid. But if I give him the brights he’ll be discourteous, stupid and blind --- and that’s a combination I don’t want to tangle with!”11 The second requirement for improving your manners is to think in a courteous way. In the long run, the kind of person you are is the result of what you’ve been thinking over the past 20 or 30 years. If your thoughts are predominantly self-directed, a discourteous person is what you will be. If on the other hand you train yourself to be considerate of others, if you can acquire the habit of identifying with their problems and hopes and fears, good manners will follow almost automatically.12 Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage. In the intimacy of the home it is easy to displace disappointment or frustration or anger onto the nearest person, and that person is often a husband or wife.13 “When you feel your anger getting out of control,” I have often said to married couples, “force yourself for the next ten minutes to treat your married partner as if he or she were a guest in your home,” I knew that if they could impose just 10 minutes of good manners on themselves, the worst of the storm would blow over.14 Finally, to have good manners you must be able to accept courtesy, receive it gladly, rejoice when it comes your way. Strangely, some people are suspicious of gracious treatment. They suspect the other person of having some ulterior motive.15 But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached. You can’t achieve a beautiful day through any effort on your part. You can’t buy a sunset or even the scent of a rose. Those are the world’s courtesies to us, offered with love and no thought of reward or return. Good manners are, or should be, like that.16 In the end, it all comes down to how you regard people --- not just people in general, but individuals. Life is full of minor irritations and trials and injustices. The only constant, daily, effective solution is politeness --- which is the golden rule in action. I think that if I were allowed to add one small beatitude as a footnote to the other it might be: Blessed are the courteous.(1048 words)56.In Para.1, the underlined part “one sure conviction” is the closest in meaning to ______.A. a convinced beliefB. an assured thoughtC. a definite evidenceD. a deep idola57.Courtesy is important to human relationships for the reason that _________.A.it can help people avoid troublesB.it can eliminate complaintsC.people need to be treated politelyD.it is so scarce58.In the first sentence of Para.10, there is a word “retaliating”. Which of the following do youthink is similar to it?A.guidingB. imitatingC. stimulatingD. revenging59.In the author’s opinion, courtesy is a matter of __________.A.how you control yourselfB. how you look at other peopleC. how you compromiseD. how you communicate with others60.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A.Good manners are the golden rule in interpersonal relationships.B.People are often easy to get out of control in front of their intimate persons.C.People can be directed by their thoughts about what kind of persons they will be.D.Bad manners account for part of the difficulty of interpersonal relationships.61.Courtesy is especially important in marriage, because ___________.A.the intimacy of family life makes people forget mannersB.people tend to be rude to their husband or wifeC.husband and wife are disappointed with each otherD.at home people have more difficulties62.In paragraph 14, the underlined part “rejoice when it comes your way” means ________.A.take it for granted when you meet itB.behave happily when it happens to youC.enjoy it when it stands on your wayD.refuse it in your deep heart when you come across it63.Which of the following is not true of courtesy?A.Courtesy is offered without expecting return.B.Courtesy is the happy way of doing things.C.Courtesy is an innate quality rather than a learnt skill.D.Courtesy should be applied to every individual.64.In paragraph. 15, what does the author mean by saying “with no strings attached”?A.without extra costB.without concern or consciousnessC.without additional thoughts about return or rewardD.without motives and expectations.65.Which of the following is not mentioned as the basic ingredients of good manners?A.The capacity to treat all people alike.B.The quality to understand the pain or unhappiness of others.C. A strong sense of fair play.D. A feeling of compassion and self-control.IV. Translation (15%)Part A Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. (7%)1. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版

武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学是一所享有盛誉的高等学府，其英语教育水平一直处于国内领先地位。

每学期，武汉大学都会对硕士生进行英语期末考试，以确保学生的英语能力达到学校的要求。

以下是武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版，供读者参考。

一、选择题1、The train _____ in an hour. A. leaves B. left C. is leavingD. will leave 答案：A 解析：根据时间状语“in an hour”可知，本题应使用一般将来时。

2、--- Shall we go for a walk? --- _____. A. It's a good ideaB. That's all rightC. You're welcomeD. Not at all 答案：A 解析：根据问句“shall we...”可知，本题应回答肯定回答，即“It'sa good idea”是正确答案。

3、--- How was your trip to Beijing? --- _____. A. It was greatB. It was terribleC. Yes, it was greatD. No, it was terrible 答案：A 解析：根据问句“How was your trip to Beijing?”可知，本题应回答“It was great”。

二、阅读理解4、The passage mainly discusses the relationship between language and culture. 答案：TRUE 解析：本文主要讨论语言和文化之间的关系，说明语言反映文化，文化影响语言。

41、The word "etiquette" in the passage refers to good manners. 答案：TRUE 解析：根据文章第二段中的句子“etiquette is a code of behavior that is based on rules of good manners”可知，“etiquette”指的是良好的礼仪。

大学英语(3)期末复习提纲2018

大学英语（3）期末复习提纲2018.11第一部分单选题1.I’m Sarah.I’m ________ journalist. BA.anB.aC.the2.I’m Diane.I’m ________ artist. AA.anB.aC.the3.I’m ________ university student. BA.anB.aC.the4.________ hour is 60 minutes. AA.AnB.AC.The5.He is ________ honest man. AA.anB.aC.this6.Do you have ________ umbrella? AA.anB.aC./7.There is ________ island in the middle of the lake. AA.anB.aC.such8.It is ________ small island. BA.anB.aC.this9.France is ________ European country. BA.anB.aC.the10.Hi Susan, I ________ David.Nice to meet you. AA.amB.isC.was11.________ you a teacher? AA.AreB.IsC.Do12.Excuse me, ________ you speak English? BA.areB.doC.does13.Sorry, I ________ speak English.I speak a little Italian. AA.don’tB.am notC.doesn’t14.–What________ you do? B–I’m a doctor.A.areB.doC.is15.________ your parents live in London? BA.AreB.DoC.Does16.Is ________ your family? AA.thisB.theseC.they17.These are my ________, Sam and Anna. BA.childsB.childrenC.childrens18.________ are my brothers, and ________ is my best friend, Lesley. BA.This, theseB.These, thisC.This, this19.Your uncle’s wife is your ________. AA.auntB.sisterC.sister-in-law20.Your aunt’s child is your ________. AA.cousinB.sisterC.brother-in-law21.There ________ some nice parks in our area. BA.haveB.areC.is22.There ________a supermarket near my house. CA.hasB.areC.is23.________ you ________ a garden? AA.Have, gotB.Have, getC.Has, got24.________ she________ a new flat? BA.Has, getB.Does, haveC.Have, got25.- Where are you from? A- I ________ New Zealand.A.am fromB.came fromes from26.________ you________ any brothers or sisters, Terry? BA.Have, getB.Have, gotC.Has, got27.I go ________ every morning. BA.swimB.swimmingC.swimed28.Do you like ________ basketball? BA.playB.playingC.played29.What ________ you doing? AA.areB.doC.is30.What ________he doing? AA.isB.doesC.are31.Naomi________ to Paris last week and she ________ a great time there. CA.went, hasB.go, hasC.went, had32.I ________ know how to swim 2 years ago. BA.don’tB.didn’tC.won't33.–What ________ you ________ this weekend? B–I’m going to Paris.A.did, doB.are, doingC.have, done34.–What ________ you ________ on Saturday? B– We are having a party.A.did, doB.are, doingC.have, done35.________ you have a good weekend? AA.DidB.HadC.Have36.It ________ a really nice day. AA.wasB.wereC.does37.I ________ exhausted all weekend. AA.wasB.hadC.do38.Benji________ dance the tango. AA.can’tB.can’t toC.not able to39.There are three________ paper on the table. AA.sheets ofB.sheet ofC.sheets40.My mother ________ the piano very well.We loved to listen to her. AA.playedB.playC.is playing41.He ________ a lot of money. AA.paidB.payedC.payes42.Jack ________ smoking. AA.stoppedB.stopedC.stopps43.I ________ know how to swim until I was 12. AA.didn’tB.don’tC.won’t44.When I was a child I________ in the same room as my brother. BA.sleepB.sleptC.was sleeping45.The little boy ________ into the river. BA.fallB.fellC.fells46.A fridge is ________ than a freezer. AA.more importantB.importanterC.most important47.Cable TV is ________ than a washing machine. AA.more usefulefulerC.most useful48.Do you think your language is ________ to learn than English? AA.easierB.easiestC.more easier49.What’s ________ thing about learning English? AA.the hardestB.harderC.more harder50.A microwave is ________ expensive than a fridge. BA.mostB.moreC.the more51.He is ________than his brother. CA.more tallB.most tallC.taller52.Please serve me ________ soup. CA.more someB.more theC.some more53.My sister always goes to school at 7:00.She is ________ late. AA.neveruallyC.sometimes54.He doesn’t often go out in the evening.He ________ stays at home reading books. AA.normallyB.sometimesC.seldom55.–How ________ do you go out with friends? B–Every weekend.A.longB.oftenC./56.It’s the ________ longest river in the world. AA.ninetiethB.ninethC.nine57.Shall I ask him ________ third time? AA.aB.theC.more58.The bus stop is ________ the supermarket. AA.in front ofB.in the front ofC.at the front of59.There is a clock tower ________ the middle of the square. AA.inB.at on60.There are some traffic lights ________ the left. AA.onB.inC.at61.________ up, please. AA.StandB.StandingC.To stand62.Please ________ open the window. AA.don’tB.notC.not to63.–Must they go home after school? B– No, they ________.A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.shouldn’t64.All dogs must ________ a lead. AA.be onB.onC.on to65.Maria spends hours ________ the shopping center. AA.inB.onC./66.I often go to bed ________ 11:00 pm. BA.onB.atC.in67.How about ________ to the library in the morning? AA.goingB.goC.to go68.There is a bridge ________ the river. AA.overB.onC.in69.Congratulations ________ your great success in the exam. AA.onB.toC.for70.My parents always give ________ money for my birthday. AA.meB.IC.mine71.My mother never lets ________ help ________ with the cooking. BA.I, sheB.me, herC.I, her72.________ is a big family. AA.OursB.We73.You may use my pen.I will use ________. AA.hersB.herC.she74.Our room is on the third floor and ________ is on the second. BA.themB.theirsC.they75.You ________ speak like that to your parents. AA.shouldn’tB.shouldn’t toC.should to not76.You ________ go to the party if you don’t want to. BA.shouldn’tB.don’t have toC.should haven’t to77.You ________ pay me next time. AA.canB.can able toC.able to78.She invited me ________ a dinner together. CA.haveB.havingC.to have79.He was ________ for his pen name than for his real name. BA.well knownB.better knownC.best known80.There is ________ milk left in the bottle. AA.a littleB.a fewC.a lot81.I drink ________ water every day. BA.a fewB.a lot ofC.few82.There are ________ people in the room. AA.a lot ofB.a littleC.little83.I eat ________ fast food.I love it! AA.a lot ofB.a fewC.little84.If you have a bad cold, ________ a lot of water. AA.drinkB.drinkingC.to drink85.If you have a headache, a cup of mint tea ________. AA.helpsB.is helpingC.is to help86.Where ________ for your next holiday? AA.are you goingB.are you going to goC.will you going87.Have you ever ________ to Beijing? AA.beenB.wentC.being88.________ he ever climbed a tall mountain? BA.HaveB.HasC.Did89.I ________ her a minute ago. BA.have seenB.sawC.see90.What ________ you like to do? AA.wouldB.areC.can91.As students, we ________ attend classes on time! BA.canB.mustC.may92.–Will you stay for lunch? A–Sorry, ________.My brother is coming to see me.A.I can’tB.I needn’tC.I won’t93.J.K.Rowling ________ as an English teacher in Portugal. AA.workedB.workC.works94.The Harry Potter books ________ the most successful children’s books in history. BA.are going to beB.areC.were95.J.K.Rowling ________writing in the future. BA.is continuingB.is going to continueC.is continuing to96.The Harry Potter films ________ all instant successes. BA.areB.wereC.are going to be97.J.K.Rowling ________ a very rich woman. AA.isB.is going to beC.was98.J.K.Rowling ________ a lot of money to charity. AA.givesB.is givingC.was giving99.The children ________ football on the playground now. CA.playsB.playC.are playing100.I ________ watching TV when you called me yesterday. CA.amB.wereC.was第二部分完形填空1.P28, Unit 2My sister is a student and 1________her free time she works 2________ a tourist guide.She 3________ groups of tourists 4________ the university in Oxford.She doesn’t work from Monday to Thursday 5________she does a lot of work 6________the weekend.“I 7________ my job.I 8________ lots of nice people.9________ I don’t like it when it 10________!”1. A.at B.in C.on2. A.like B.as C.the same as3. A.showed B.show C.shows4. A.around B.at C.on5. A.so B.and C.but6. A.at B.in C.to7. A.love B.am loving C.loved8. A.meet B.will meet C.met9. A.And B.So C.ButA.rainB.rainsC.will rainKey: 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.B2.P80, Unit 5Hi Orich! Thanks for your e-mail.1________ sounds like you had a great weekend.I’d love to see the flames next time I 2________ to visit.We went away for the weekend to visit my uncle.He has a farm out in the country.We travelled 3________train and arrived late 4________ the Friday night.On Saturday morning we wanted to go horse riding, but the weather 5________ terrible, 6________ we stayed in the house and watched some 7________.But in the afternoon the sun came out and we decided8________for a walk.In the evening we didn’t stay in the house.We had a barbecue in the garden.It didn’t rain and we 9________ a great time.Not as adventurous as you —but a good weekend 10________.Right, I’ve got to go.Take care and write soon.Paulo.1.A.This B.These C.Ite es C.will come3.A.on B.in C.by4.A.on B.in C.at5.A.is B.was C.would be6.A.and B.but C.so7.A.videos B.video C.videoes8.A.going B.go C.to go9.A.have B.has C.had10.A.someway B.anyway C.sometimesKey: 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.B• 3.P125, Unit 8•Be very careful when crossing the road.Remember that cars drive 1________ the left in the UK.•Never walk out into the road 2________ looking.•Always stop at the side of the road and don’t forget 3________ both ways before you cross. •When the road is clear, start crossing.•Don’t run, always walk, and remember to keep 4________ both ways until you get to the other side.•If 5________, always cross at a pedestrian crossing.•If there isn’t a pedestrian crossing 6________, make sure that driver s can see you and 7________ step out from behind a parked car.8________ particular care when you get off a bus.Wait 9________ the bus drives away and the road is clear 10________ you cross the road.1. A.on B.at C.to2. A.without B.with C.while3. A.looking B.look C.to look4. A.looking B.look C.to look5. A.possibly B.possible C.impossible6. A.near B.near by C.nearby7. A.always B.seldom C.never8. A.Get B.Have C.Take9. A.until B.when C.afterA.whileB.beforeC.afterKey: 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B4.P159, Unit 10I live in L'Aquila, a small mountain town 1________ the centre of Italy.The weather 2________ is fairly extreme.It's very hot in summer and it can be very cold in winter.Sometimes at night it can be 3________ with temperatures 4________ to below -15º.It’s one of the coldest towns in Italy.The good thing is 5________ it’s dry.It doesn’t rain 6________, only in spring, and sometimes in late summer.In winter it snows.We can usually go skiing from December 7________ April.In autumn it can get quite windy, and sometimes we have problems 8________ trees falling on the road.And in November it sometimes gets quite foggy, 9________ along the river.But 10________other days, when it’s warm and sunny, the trees look so beautiful.1. A.on B.at C.in2. A.here B.there C.where3. A.freezing B.frozen C.freeze4. A.dropping B.dropped C.to drop5. A.what B.that C.which6. A.a lot B.lot C.a few7. A.in B.to C.by8. A.in B.for C.with9. A.especially B.specially C.especialA.onB.inC.atKey: 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A5.P186, Unit 12Daniel Radcliffe 1________ born in 1990, the year when J.K.Rowling first thought of the now famous Harry Potter.He always wanted to be 2________ actor, but his parents didn’t like the idea.But when he had the opportunity to 3________Harry Potter his parents agreed and they were very proud 4________him when the first film came out.The success of the films 5________ Daniel both rich and famous.But he still enjoys the simple pleasures of life.He 6________playing guitar and 7________ his favourite football team, Fulham.8________present he is working on several stage and film projects.Daniel says that he 9________ to work as an actor for as long 10________he can.1. A.is B.was C.were2. A.an B.a C.the3. A.take B.do C.play4. A.of B.in C.for5. A.make B.have made C.has made6. A.love B.loves C.is loving7. A.support B.to support C.supporting8. A.On B.In C.At9. A.is going to continue B.continues C.is continuingA.suchB.asC.likeKey: 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B第三部分阅读理解Read the text and decide the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1.P27, Unit 2Tania is a personal shopper.She works with lots of different people.They ask her to buy something and she goes out to the shops and finds it.“Some people ask me to buy birthday or Christmas presents.”Jake is a TV researcher.His job is to find new ideas for TV programmes.He surfs the internet and looks for stories.But he also travels around the country talking to people.“I love my job.Every story I research is like a new world.”Debbie is a dog walker.She helps busy people look after their dogs.She takes them for walks, washes them and gives them food when their owners are away.“I love dogs and I like helping people.It’s a perfect job.”1.Tania spends hours in shopping centres. T2.Debbie travels a lot. F3.Jake uses a computer. T4.Tania finds things at good prices. T5.Debbie and Tania help busy people. T2.P30, Unit 2Jade's morningI wake up at about 6:45.I get up and go for a run.Then I have a shower and get dressed.I have a quick breakfast and then I brush my teeth.I leave the house at 8 am.I walk to work.I get to the office at about 8:15.On Saturday and Sunday I get up at about 10:30 and have a long, slow breakfast.Tim's morningI wake up at about 10:30 and I have a cup of coffee with my mum.I have a shower, get dressed and I go to my friend's house.We study together, listen to music and play his computer games.At 1 o'clock we get the bus to the university.Our classes start at 2:30.Cassie's morningI get up at about 7:30.I make breakfast for Jade and her dad.We have breakfast at about 7:45.Then I have a shower, brush my teeth and get dressed.I work at home.I start work at about 8:30.At about 10 o'clock I leave the house to do some shopping.When I get home I have a cup of coffee with Tim and read the newspaper.1.Tim gets up early. F2.Tim goes to university in the afternoon. T3.Cassie makes breakfast for her family. T4.Cassie goes shopping in the afternoon. F5.Jade walks to work. T3.P41, Unit 3I live in Oxford with my parents, in a small flat in the centre of town.It's in an old building but it's got a lift.It's on a quiet street about five minutes from the shops.It's got two bedrooms, my bedroom and my parents' bedroom, a living room and a small kitchen.It's not very big and it hasn't got a garden but there is a lovely rooftop terrace.I spend most of my time in the living room watching TV or in my bedroom listening to music.1.The author lives in the centre of town. T2.The flat has not got a lift. F3.The flat is near the shops. T4.The flat has a garden. F5.The author spends most of his time reading in the living room. F4.P61, Unit 4Double TakeTwo women, one face.Two very different characters, one destiny.Jane lives in a sleepy town in the USA.She is happily married with two children and a loving husband.Then one summer her doublecomes to town.She’s a criminal running from the police.That’s when Jane starts to have problems.Year ZeroIt’s the year 3000.All the clocks stop at midnight.The computers finally take control of the world.But a small group of hackers think they can control the machines.Can they save the planet from total destruction? Watch the film and see.The special effects are truly fantastic.Don’t miss it!Roses Only Live One DayA historic romance.Paris, 1789.Jean Pierre is a simple servant.Rose is the beautiful young daughter of his master.History brings them together, but the revolution breaks their hearts.A story of impossible love.But can there possibly be a happy ending? Watch it and find out!(1) Double Take is about two sisters. F(2) Year Zero is about the past. F(3) The story in Roses Only Live One Day happens in France. T(4) The special effects in Year Zero are very good. T(5) Double Take is about a criminal. T5.P78, Unit 5We had a great time last weekend.We decided to camp on Mount Olympus.You know, the mountain with flames that burn in the rock? It was really good!We travelled from Antalya by bus and arrived in Çirali at 6.The bus stopped on the main road and we walked a couple of kilometres to the village.We had a cup of tea and then we started the walk up the mountain.We arrived at the flames just as the sun started to go down.What a view! We watched the sky turn red and then the stars started to come out.It was really beautiful.The flames are incredible too.Some of them are really big.We cooked our food over one of them.We stayed awake all night.We passed the time playing cards and telling stories.One of my friends had a guitar and he played all our favourite songs.Next time you visit we can go there together.But for now —have a look at our fantastic photos!Take care,Orich1.They went camping on Mount Olympus last weekend. T2.They drove all the way to the village. F3.They arrived at the flames at midnight. F4.They didn’t sleep all that night. T5.Orich didn’t go with them. F6.P90, Unit 6It was about thirty years ago.My mum lived with a friend in London.One day she went to the supermarket to buy some things for a surprise birthday party for her friend.At the checkout she paid and put all the things into shopping bags.She put her flatmate’s present and card in with the shopping.As she turned to leave she bumped into anothershopper.Her bags fell on the floor.The other shopper dropped his bags too.They helped each other put the things back in the right bags and they both left the supermarket.When my mum got home she couldn’t find the card and birthday present in the bags.When the other shopper got home he found a parcel and a few letters in his shopping.One of them had an address on it.That evening he took the letters and parcel to the address.He rang the bell and my mum answered the door.She looked at the man.He was tall and dark and had a lovely smile.She invited him to the party.And, well, that was that! They fell in love.1.The author’s mother went to buy some things for a graduation party. F2.The story begins in a supermarket. T3.The author’s flatmate knew the man. F4.The man sent back the things thanks to the address on a letter. T5.The story is about the author’s father and mother. T7.P105, Unit 7A Day in the Life of Sara RobbinsSara Robbins is a newsreader on the radio.Many people don’t recognise her face, but everybody knows her voice!Sara’s day usually starts when most people are asleep.Her alarm clock normally goes off at3 am and she needs to be at the studios at four.“The roads are always very quiet at that time andI get to work very quickly.”At 6 am Sara says “good morning”to her listeners.The programme lasts for three hours.“After the programme we have a short meeting to talk about the next day and then we have a long, slow breakfast!”Sara never goes back home after work.“I really need to relax after the programme.I almost always do some sport and sometimes I meet up with a friend.”Sara doesn’t often go out in the evenings during the week.She prefers to stay at home.She loves cooking and hardly ever eats out in the restaurants.“I don’t really have the time.”At weekends, her life is quite different.She often goes away for the weekend.“I love going to Rome or Paris or New York.”She loves the theatres and the art galleries, and says that “the shopping is great!”1.Sara wakes up at 3 am. T2.The program finishes at 10 am. F3.She goes straight home after work. F4.She often eats out during the week. F5.She enjoys travelling at the weekend. T8.P114, Unit 7Designer clothes? A luxury home? Jill Summers, 28, doesn’t want these things.She says her lottery win of ￡2m isn’t going to change her life.Jill and her husband Derrick, 30, live and work on a farm in Ashford, south-east England.They get up at 4:30 am, seven days a week, 365 days a year.“We’re not stopping now, just because we’ve had some good luck,”says Jill.She and Derrick say they aren’t leaving the family home.“We’re very happy here,”says the luckyMrs.Summers.Next month the couple are going on their first holiday for eight years.“We’re travelling around Asia and Australia for a few months,”says Derrick.And what about the business? “We’re paying someone to look after the farm.For the first time in eight years.”And what else are they doing with the money? “Well, tomorrow we’re picking up our new car.And next week we’re having a big party for all our friends and family.We’re giving 10% of the money to charity.But we aren’t planning any big changes.”And does she still play the lottery? “Why not, some of the money goes to good causes.”1.Jill and her husband get up at 4:30 every morning. T2.They are going to buy a new house. F3.They are going on a holiday. T4.They haven’t paid anyone to look after the farm during the last eight years. T5.Jill will not play lottery any more. F9.P130, Unit 8Hide and SeekIn this game one child counts to a hundred.All the other children find a good place to hide.The boy or girl who counted to a hundred must then go and find the other children.The child who is still hiding at the end of the game is the winner.Snap!This is a very simple card game.Two people can play.The two people have the same number of cards.They take it in turns to put the cards down on the table.If two consecutive cards are the same, they must shout “Snap!”.I spyThis is a word game.Two or more people can play.One person chooses an object they can see, and says “I spy with my little eye something beginning with…”and the first letter of the object they can see.The other players must try to guess the word.This is a very good game for long car journeys!1.The child who counts to a hundred is the winner. F2.Snap is a card game. T3.At least two people are needed to play Snap. T4.Two or more people can play I spy. T5.While playing I spy, one of the players must say the word of the object they can see. F10.P138, Unit 9What Should I Buy?The Art of Present BuyingShould buying presents be difficult? Tami Shantra believes not.Here she offers some tips for pain-free present buying.1.You shouldn’t leave present buying until the last minute.2.You should spend some time thinking about the person you’re buying for before you go shopping.3.You should never spend more than you can afford.4.You should always spend a little time and thought on the presentation.5.You should always try to give the person a present on the special day if possible.6.You should always buy a simple card to go with the present and write a short message inside it.7.You shouldn’t buy clothes or shoes for someone you don’t know very well.8.If you don’t know the person very well, it’s better to buy something quite basic, like a box of chocolates or a bunch of flowers.9.Surprise presents are the best presents.You don’t need to wait for a special occasion to buy apresent for a person you love.st but not least: remember that buying presents is a pleasure, not a duty.And they should always be given with smile!1.It’s better to spend more than you can afford. F2.You should always spend a little time on the presentation. T3.You should never give the present on the special day. F4.You should buy shoes for someone you don't know very well. F5.The best presents are surprise presents. T11.P140, Unit 9The World’s Greatest Food FightOn the last Wednesday of August, the Spanish town of Buñol, celebrates the worlds’biggest food fight, the “tomatina”.A crowd of up to 20,000 people meet in the town’s main square and throw tomatoes at each other.The first tomatina took place in the mid-1940s.It started with an argument between two men from the town.The men started throwing tomatoes at each other.The argument turned into a game, and everyone on the street started throwing tomatoes.They had so much fun they decided to celebrate the tomatina every year on the same day.The fight starts at 12 noon, at the sound of an enormous firework.It finishes exactly one hour later with the sound of second banger.The participants must not throw any tomatoes before or after these signals.For many years participants brought their own tomatoes, but in 1980 the local council started organising the event and now they pay for the 40,000 kilos of tomatoes used each year.The tomatina is now an international festival and people from all over the world come to Buñol to enjoy the fun.1.Tomatina is the largest food fight in the world. T2.Tomatina first took place more than a century ago. F3.Tomatina originates from an argument. T4.The fight lasts exactly one hour. T5.It is a religious festival. F12.P143, Unit 9DiwaliDiwali (the festival of lights) is one of the most important dates in the Hindu calendar.It is celebrated by Hindus all over the world and takes place in the Hindu month of Aswin(October/November).It lasts for four days and ends with the celebration of the Hindu New Year.On the first day, people decorate their homes with rangolis, traditional patterns made with coloured powders.They light hundreds of tiny oil lamps and make traditional sweets.They buy something new for the house or some jewellery for the women.It is lucky to buy something silver.On the second day, it is traditional to get up early and take a bath before sunrise.In Southern India, people take oil baths, using traditional herbs and fragrant powders.On the third day, the night before the new moon rises, they celebrate with an enormous fireworks display which can last for five or six hours.The noise and smoke is incredible.On the last day, the first day of the Hindu New Year, people visit family members and business colleagues to give them sweets, dry fruits and gifts.All across India, normal life comes to a stop as everyone celebrates the new year.1.Diwali is celebrated in October or November. T2.On the first day, people like to buy something gold. F3.On the second day, it is traditional to take a bath after sunrise. F4.The fireworks display can last for more than five hours. T5.The last day of Diwali is the Hindu New Year. T13.P155, Unit 10Home Remedies: Colds1.A good remedy for a sore throat is to gargle with a strong solution of salt and warm water.If you gargle several times a day the salt helps your sore throat feel much better.2.Here's a Japanese remedy.If you have a bad cold, drink a solution of garlic and rice wine once a day for a couple of days.3.And here's a remedy from Mexico.When you have a cold, boil some water and some cinnamon,a few raisins and one teaspoon of oregano.Add honey and lemon.Drink it three times a day for two or three days.4.In Morocco, when you catch a cold you have to eat an omelette with garlic, and a half teaspoon of pepper cooked in olive oil.You eat it two times a day for three days.Drink a big glass of hot mint tea with it.1.Gargling with salt and warm water helps your sore throat feel better. T2.Drink a solution of garlic and rice wine three times a day if you have a bad cold. F3.The Mexico remedy uses cold water. F4.Garlic is used in two remedies. T5.The Morocco remedy should be taken three times a day for three days. F14.P161, Unit 10The Best Towns in the WorldEvery year a different town wins the High Quality of Life award.Past winners include Gubbio in Italy, Kobe in Japan and Stranda in Norway.Gubbio is famous for its magnificent main square.It won the award because of its perfect climate, excellent social services and wonderful food.The historical Japanese town of Kobe is famous for its beautiful wooden temples.Kobe won the award because of its cultural facilities,。

武汉大学研究生英语期末考试选择题(附参考答案)

武汉大学研究生英语期末考试选择题(附参考答案)2022年挑选题21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and weinterpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the nationaleconomic development as a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages atleast in the short run, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of privatebenefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry withme because I won’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down otherspending or dip into funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was______by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closerdistance is the norm, may be feeling that the Americans are being_______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually______ theirmothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through oursociety, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everythingfrom the family---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s reallyliving on easy street.” A. siblings B. soberings C. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment______ andeconomic development throughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the timewomen spent gathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a(an)_______ smile. An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. Ididn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it wasirreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD.inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levelsbecome more conscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancientcivilization in the town is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Ch inese includes something unhappy. At funerals,Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white.In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, theywill firstly try to understand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____our friendship before I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively beingcarried along out of inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionKey：21-30 B D C A B D C A C B31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B2022挑选题21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers? unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early yea r teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into default and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably __ ______ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making the ir way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officer s, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers? unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early yea r teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into def ault and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably __ ______ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making the ir way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officer s, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen27. Margate is sure that the scientific and technological ________ that has been dev eloped is real and extremely valuable.A. synergyB. formationC. energyD. match28. They suggest therefore that greater emphasis be given to housing ________ in evaluating relative deprivation.A. terminationB. removalC. provisionD. tenure29. Are you sure that my staying here won?t be an/a ________ into your domestic af fairs?A. intentionB. troubleC. threatD. intrusion30. She remained there until last night when an ambulance took her to ________ wi th a family in nearby Newton.A. discoverB. revitalizeC. recuperateD. reformulate31. Sunlight streamed into the church and through the stained glass windows, and a smell of grass and flowers ________ the air.A. flowedB. permeatedC. penetratedD. indulged32. Loss of license contact is a real ________ to potential traders in smuggled cigare ttes.A. deterrentB. detailC. detainD. determine33. As these problems multiply and ________ resources, the range of options availa ble to the organization increasingly narrows.A. depleteB. decreaseC. lessenD. formulate34. For years, frequent flooding eventually ________ all traces of the community tha t used to live there.A. killedB. releasedC. obliteratedD. measured35. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds ________ for Social Security.A. remarkedB. earmarkedC. reboundD. reduced36. Members of extreme right wing parties are completely opposed to the ________ of blacks into white South African society.A. combinationB. formulationC. integrationD. segregation37. Nevertheless, to conceive of parents as utterly static in the child?s psychologic al life is likely to become the ________ of the picture grossly.A. distortionB. reflectionC. representationD. confusion38. Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendat ions to help the ________ of debt problems afflicting cattle producers.A. involvementB. releaseC. alleviationD. reflection39. The Piscataway school district in New Jersey had to dismiss one high school business teacher because of budgetary _______ both by the government and local a uthorities.A. inflationB. provisionC. concentrationD. constraints40. By setting up such a system yourself, you are potentially________ any security s ystems your company has in place.A. providingB. alleviatingC. promotingD. circumventing41. The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textileimports from Chi na will definitely the bilateral trade in other areas.A. widenB. thwartC. recoverD. complete42. Friction between the generations is ________ when younger staff grasp the new idea and their creativity is suddenly released.A. widenedB. exacerbatedC. recoveredD. competitive43. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is so mehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai”doesn?t have a negative _______ in Chinese.A. positionB. intentionC. extensionD. connotation44. Henry Kissinger was also ________ and frustrated by the让知识带有温度。

武汉大学英语期末试卷

2012－2013学年度第一学期期末考试说明一、试题构成1. 听力理解25％1）出题形式：单选题、听写题2）考点：考查学生综合听力理解能力，检查推荐的听力内容。

3）出题范围：*8个短对话，2篇短文或长对话，占15％。

单选题，8个短对话每题一分，2篇短文或长对话7个问题，每题一分，共15分。

*1－2篇听写填空题，出自《大学英语听说》（外教社版）第二册，占10％。

填空题总共留出10个空格由学生填词，每题一分，共10分。

4）分数比例：占整个考试25％，每题1分，共25分。

出题内容教材内占15分，其中听写占10分；教材外占10分。

5）答题要求：Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear eight short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, youmust read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two short passages/two long conversations.At the end of each passage/conversation, you willhear some questions. Both the passage/conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear 2 conversations/passages. Each conversation will be read TWICE. Listen carefully and fill in theblanks with the information you get from the recording.(注意：本部分请直接把答案写在主观答题纸上。

武汉大学《英语精读3》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

站名：年级专业：姓名：学号：凡年级专业、姓名、学号错写、漏写或字迹不清者，成绩按零分记。

…………………………密………………………………封………………………………线…………………………武汉大学《英语精读3》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、I keep the picture where I can see it every day, reminds me of the days in my hometown. A ．thatB ．whichC ．whoD ．when2、Newly-built wooden cottages line the street ，___________ the old town into a dreamland. A ．turned B ．turning C ．to turn D ．having turned3、—Smoking should be banned in public.—. ____It is harmful to both the smokers and non-smokers. A ．I’d love to B ．It’s my pleasure C ．I’m with you on that D ．It’s up to you4、—How do you find the health club?—I would rather I ______ it. I feel its management is going from bad to worse. A ．haven’t joined B ．hadn’t joinedC ．didn’t joinD ．had joined5、________ they choose Chinese company is that China has the most advanced technology of high speed railway in the world. A ．When B ．ThatC ．WhereD ．Why6、During the economic crisis, we should help those for ______life is far from easy ．A ．whomB ．whoseC ．whoD ．whoever7、No one believes his reasons for being late that he was caught in a traffic jam, _______ made him embarrassed. A ．it B ．whichC ．thatD ．why8、—May I help you? You seem to be having some problems. — ______, thanks. I think I can manage. A ．All rightB ．No problemC ．It’s all rightD ．There’s no way9、I wouldn’t have missed the train if I ______ up earlier. A ．got B ．had got C ．will get D ．have got10、When I said someone broke the school regulations, I ______ you. Why did you get that angry?A ．don’t refer toB ．haven’t referred toC ．wasn’t referring toD ．hadn’t referred to第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

武大硕士公共英语-英译汉复习资料

英译汉Unit 1(1)Promising are the cross-cultural studies seeking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and researchers found that the particular visible pattern on the face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this seems helpful until it is realized that a person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppressed, as well as on which occasions and to what degree.力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。

但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。

(2)The stumbling block of assumed similarity is a “trouble m,” as one English learner expressed it, not only for the foreigner but for the people in the host country with whom the international visitor comes into contact.正如一个学习英语的人所表达的那样，相似性的假设这个的绊脚石是一个“麻烦”，不仅仅是对于来访的外国人，就连这个外国人接触的东道国的人也都是个问题。

武大英语期末试卷

English Examination for Postgraduates(Paper A No. 20190620)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Part OneDirections:In this part you will hear 3 short talks. Each talk is followed by some questions. You will hear the talk and questions only once. Listen carefully and answer each question by choosing one from the four choices marked A, B, c and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. (15%)Talk 1Questions 1-5 are based on the talk you have just heard.1. A. To explain how Sunbeams are defeated by Greenhouse Gases.B. To explain how to get rid of global warming.C. To show how the man gets mad in Global Warming or None Like itD. To explain how global warming will affect our life2. A. He is telling the truth to the little girl because he is a good science teacher.B. He is telling the truth to the little girl because he is an honest fatherC. He is not telling the truth to the little girl because he doesn't want to hurt her.D. He is not telling the truth to the little girl because he is mad.3. A.2013B.2063.C.2036.D.2016.4. A. He is obviously satirical and not happy with the politicians who are using an irresponsible way to solve a serious problem.B. He is obviously satisfied at the wise politicians who can solve the huge problem forever.C. He is obviously gratified at the smart politicians who are very smart at solving the problem in a cheap way.D. He is obviously pleased with the politicians who are taking immediate action of dropping ice cubes into the ocean when it gets hot.5. A. Because he drinks too much coffee in the morning and the little girl cannot understand his explanations to her questions.B. Both C and D.C. Because he is not telling the truth to the little girl.D. Because the politicians are short- sighted and ugly at using such a cheap and last-minute solution.Talk 2Questions 6-10 are based on the talk you have just heard.6. A. It is working hard to realize your dreams.B. It is living your life like a marathon not a sprint.C. It is passion and persistence for a long term goal.D. It is following your goals although you can't reach them.7. A. Grittier children were significantly more likely to graduate.B. Grittier children were more willing to take grit questionnaires.C. Grittier children were likely to advance further in the competition of the National Spelling Bee.D. Grittier children were at risk for dropping out.8. A. How to build grit in children.B. How little people know about building grit in children.C. How to keep children motivated in learning.D. How little people teach children a solid work ethic.9. A. Talented individuals can easily follow through their commitments.B. Grit is usually related and obviously related to measurement of talents.C. Talent does make one grittier.D. Grit is usually unrelated and inversely related to measurement of talents.10. A. Kids who have both grittier parents and teachers have the tendency of getting grittier.B. Kids who are willing to fail, to be wrong in the test arc easily getting grittier.C. Kids who can change and grow in response to challenges are more likely to persist and get grittier.D. Kids who have strong intuitions and are willing to start over again with lessons learned from their failures are getting grittier.Talk 3Questions 11-15 are based on the talk you have just heard.11. A. The Poet of the Millions.B. America's Got Talents.C. American Idol.D. The Candidate.12. A. She is a winner of Britain's Got Talents.B. Her friends persuaded her not to take part in the Candidate.C. Her fiends urged her not to compete because they think that she is leaving them for democracy.D. Some members of the Taliban forced her to quit the competition.13. A. Her poetry is about women and men.B. Her husband supported her from the beginning, but her tribe and family didn'tuntil she started to win.C. When Jahani started to win in the Poet of the Millions competition, Taliban forced her to leave.D. Jahani went to the Poet of the Millions competition for money.14. A. To illustrate how merit-based competitions with equal access to everyone are changing the Middle-eastern societies.B. To explain how merit-based competitions are held through free voting via SMS.C. To illustrate how the Candidate has a far-reaching impact upon the daily life of ordinary people.D. To explain how American reality TV with equal access to everyone is getting deeply into the tribal societies of the Middle East.15. A. Reality TV is reviving local traditions and simulating the western style of living.B. Reality TV will gradually Americanize the Middle-Eastern societies.C. Reality TV is changing the presidential election through having the candidate putting outthe political issues of interest to the public.D. Reality TV encourages equality between tribes and cultural assimilation among tribesPart TwoDirections: In this part, you will hear a talk twice and then write a summary of the talk. Your summary should be around 50 words. Please write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (5%)II.Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. From each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, c, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.16. A ____ is commonly understood subjective cultural or emotional that some word or phrase carries, in addition to its explicit or literal meaning.A. denotation B .dispensation C. inflection D. connotation17. Scientists say it is ____ of modern life driven by e-mail, text messages and a need to be available 24 hours a day.A. patheticB. symptomaticC. empatheticD. sympathetic18. It would almost seem as if Nature herself had tried to ____ the evil signs of what had occurred in the dark cave of that mountain.A. integrateB. permeateC. obliterateD. illiterate19. Successful organizations will understand their capabilities and know how to identify and realize ____ with ecosystem partners from both the public and private sectors.A. tenuresB. assetsC. revenuesD. synergies20. Though we have illustrated how these variables might be implicated in English learning among Chinese university students, the differential function and the relative dominance of these variables warrant further vigorous ____ research.A. empiricalB. irrationalC. emotional D .disproportionate21. Some suggestions to ____the institution were given, dealing with the role of our government, its inclination of value, its principles, and some specific rules.A. exacerbateB. deteriorateC. ameliorateD. alleviate22. While an individual site may not divulge too much personal information, the ____ of all this information may reveal more about them than people realize.A. ambiguityB. inheritanceC. aggregateD. disparity23. Many people go overseas expecting to have an " authentic" experience, which really means they want to confirm some " they have in their mind of happy people living in huts and villages.A. stereotypeB. scrutinyC. temerity D .approbation24. Many organizations turn to experts for help in this area because it is so critical to the success of any business transformation effort that encompasses ____ management.A. paradigmB. portfolioC. paradoxD. photosynthesis25. If demand remains stubbornly sluggish, because of higher oil prices for example, employment could ____ again, as it did a year ago.A. tip offB. screen outC. fall out withD. peter out26. It was filled with a wax-like substance, the middle of which had a round__, in the shape of a small ball.A. inflectionB. indentationC. invasionD. incineration27. We put up our house as ____in order to raise the money to invest in the scheme.B. collateral B. collection D. correlation D. collocation28. No units or individuals may ___on land or illegally transfer it through buying, selling or other means.A. encroachB. endangerC. embarkD. encounter29. Like it or not, culture will continue to evolve as external ideas ____cultural barriers.A. perverseB. perpetuateC. permeateD. perceive30. Health Blog Question of the Day: Should state and local governments ____biomedical research or leave the task to Wall Street and the feds?A.submergeB. subsidizeC. dislocateD. deplete31. If you are going into business with your friends, make sure you treat them ae professionally as you would your arms-length business partners, because the odds are that you will ____with them.A. fall awayB. fall inC. fall outD. fall over32. The Torres Strait, between Australia and Papua New Guinea, is ____with sharks and the area is regularly fished by both licensed and illegal fishing vessels, many from Asia.A. infectedB. effectedC. affectedD. infested33. In many cases, your behavior can either polish up or ____ the image of your country.A. vanishB. vanquishC. coquettishD. tarnish34. Attempts to measure happiness are ____with problems of subjectivity: different people derive happiness from different activities.A. retardedB. fraughtC. facilitatedD. thwarted35. It can not only ____the conflict between low return at present and high long term return, but also coordinate government allocation of resources and market adjustment.A. conciliateB. optimizeC. entailD. consolidate36. Conclusion: active consciousness control can accelerate the restoration of limb function for the paralyzed ones in ____.A. rehabilitationB. reconstructionC. reproductionD. regeneration37. The development of restoration ecology provides a handle for forest management to couple with forestry development in China that is ____for the growth of gross forest resources.A. professionalB. confidentialC. preferentialD. conventional38. Most of the southern continent's icy mass, especially the eastern half which rests on some very solid rock, is so deep-frozen that so far at least, it has been ____to climate change.A. impenetrableB. imperviousC. vulnerable oD. fragile39. The book provides many examples of this kind, some a bit too ____ for my taste, but presumably they are on the whole backed by statically significant data.A. anecdotalB. sluggishC. marginalD. vulgar40. The Internet as the main feature of information society has infiltrated all kinds of realm with ____charm.A. tentativeB. phlegmaticC. quantitativeD. omnipresentIII.Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1Who Makes It to the topRichard R. ConarroeWhat does it take to succeed in American business? Opinions vary widely. Given approximately equal qualifications and circumstances, some claim the success factor is largely a matter of luck-being in the right time. Others speak of utter devotion to work, combined with a degree of ruthlessness. Far -out theories abound. One "expert" maintains that it's undoubtedly a matter of how much education your mother had.To get a better perspective on who makes it to the top --- and why ---I interviewed four men who should know---management consultants and executive recruiters for some of the biggest corporations in the country. Here are their informed opinions.Thomas A. Buffum, head of the executive recruiting firm of Thomas A. Buffum Associates in Boston: "We hear about new technology making engineers obsolete. The men who rise the highest and stay there are those who never stop growing and learning .These flexible fellows seldom stall on the corporate ladder or get shaken off.""A key test of this flexibility comes at the time of a merger or acquisition. Can you adapt to the new management framework--- do things "their way"? Or are you so used to your old methods that you'll resent any changes?""The men who can truly answer 'yes’ to the first question and 'no' to the second are the ones who never find themselves "between jobs'."Charles Ferguson, another consultant, agrees: "how to cope with change ---that's the key to success or failure for many businessmen.""Change comes in several forms. One is the constant flux (变化不定) of the job itself, because of shifting conditions in the company and the industry. The late 1960's offered case after agonizing case of brash young go-go (充满活力的) entrepreneurs who put together glittering conglomerates (联合大企业) that they had no idea how to manage. Once the requirements of the job changed from pyramiding to mature management of an existing entity, they could copy no longer. A different set of skills was needed.""Executives must be able to handle change in broad segments of industry, society, and government. But perhaps the change that's most challenging of all is that within themselves. Many things cause 'executive metamorphosis - family or financial change, declining health, age, "burnout” from overwork, perhaps even a certain complacency at having attained many of life's goals. But the executive who realizes he's changing is the one who will be able to handle it."William B. Beeson, manager of executive recruitment for Lawrence-Leither & Company in Kansas City, looked at it another way: "It has been said of everyone from Robert McNamara to Edward Carlson (the president of an airline) that their rise to the top of their companies came largely because they were at the right place at the right time. There may be some truth in that, but the question is why they were in the right place. I think their own career decisions must have had a lot to do with it.""Have you ever drawn up an honest balance sheet on yourself - rally put down what you're good at on one side, and what you're not so good at on the other? It isn't easy. Those weaknesses are hard to admit .But if you'll make this painful self-analysis at least once every six months, you will be in better position to focus your energies toward the kind of position that will make you successful and happy.”To make it big, executives must possess four basic skills:“First drive. Business success takes an unusual amount of energy. A successful executive---almost by definition --- is a driver. According to one industry psychologist, 86.5 percent of top managers have a higher activity level than the average middle manager. Top men get tense when they're not striving""Second, people sense. Some say being able to judge people is more important than a high iq. The skill can be instinctual, but in most cases it's painstakingly leaned.""Third, communications ability. An executive gets things done through other people .That means his communications must come through loud and clear. Different executives make themselves understood in different ways. Some transmit ideas best face to face; others are masters of the telephone call; still others are persuasive writers. One way or another, they all communicateclearly."Fourth, calm. under pressure ,or as Hemingway put it, 'grace under Pressure. 'No businessman will get very far if he chokes up.”"An example: One usually able vice-president blew a chance for the presidency because he froze while making an important product presentation to the chairman. The company had invested hundreds of thousands of dollars in research and development, and tolling up for production would take millions. With so much at stake, the chairman had a great many hard questions. Despite thorough knowledge of the subject, the vice-president became just a little unsure under questioning. A few months later, when the president's job became vacant, someone else was chosen to fill it."And finally, John w. Silver, an executive recruiter in Milwaukee, puts it on a more basic level. “What it takes is guts," he says. "And, most of all, guts in dealing with subordinates. Time after time, our executive search people have been told, ' We realized long ago that Phil had to be replaced, but we didn't want to hurt his feelings.' Or, “We just couldn't bring ourselves to do it.""The executive who is marked for success sets high standard for himself-- and also for other people. If someone doesn't measure up after a proper trial period, he replaces him. ""It was said of one successful executive, 'He can't tolerate people who don't pull their weight. His philosophy is that he doesn't care who our friends are --- can you produce? ' That's not bad. If you insist on top performance from your subordinates, they'll insist on top performance from their subordinates, and so on down the table of organization. That's the kind of attitude an executive had better have - - if he plans to survive."41. From the first two paragraphs we can see that all the following statements are true except__.A. people are divided as to what it takes to succeed in American businessB. the author seems to doubt the validity of the theory that the success factor lies in the educational level of one's motherC. it seems that the author respects the opinions of those he interviewed.D. the author repudiates all the latest theories concerning who can make it to the top42. To find out how to be successful in business, the author interviewed ____.A. government officialsB. successful businessmenC. management consultants and executive recruitersD. business executive43. According to Thomas Buffum, the most important factor in business success is ____.A. being authenticB. being ruthlessC. being adaptableD. being persistent44. Flexibility is most seriously tested when ____.A. your company has become a part of another companyB. the executive has made it to the topC. the administrator continues to climb up the corporate ladderD. the businessman has acquired a large property45. By go-go entrepreneurs Charles Ferguson refers to ____.A. aggressive businessmen who were born in the late 1960'sB. businessmen of the 1960's who put together large but unmanageable conglomeratesC. young yet mature businessmen who made it big in the 1960'sD. businessmen who joined together and then managed glittering conglomerates46. To achieve success, Charles Ferguson stresses the ability___.A. to make changes in job requirementsB. to change working conditionsC. to change oneselfD. to handle change47. According to William Beeson, those who rose to the top of their companies were people ____.A. who had a clear understanding of their strengths and weaknessesB. who were at the right place at the right timeC. who went after the desired positions with single-mindednessD. who were able to focus their energies toward their future jobs48. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by William Beeson as a basic skill successful executives must possess?A. Ability to be active and hardworking.B. Ability to form correct opinions about others.C. Ability to speak several languages.D. Ability to remain cool-headed under pressure.49. In the opinion of John ѡ. Silver, an executive need courage in dealing with subordinates. This means the executive ____.A. must be considerate towards his subordinatesB. must act decisively when it becomes clear that a subordinate should be replacedC. must reward his subordinates generously in spite of oppositionD. must treat his subordinates as equals50. Most of the authorities interviewed seem to agree on the point, namely, an executive ____.A. must be an expert in some branch of knowledgeB. must be persuasive and sympatheticC. must be ruthless and tolerant at onceD. must be able to grow in his job and expand his abilitiesPassage 21.The end of the Cold War has not brought about world peace; we have seen only the end ofone conflict and the beginning of a new one. This new conflict is a global economic war in which spies and new technologies will again play an important role in determining the final victors2. Beginning in World War II and continuing throughout the Cold War, the world's major intelligence agencies employed and latest technologies available in “collection” communication and analysis of information from abroad. At the same time, counterintelligence agencies employed other technologies in efforts to identify and eliminate foreign spies at home. The new global economic warfare will see these basic roles continue, but with important changes3. In the final days of the Cold War, the crumbling Soviet Union possessed the nuclear weapons to destroy the world but lacked the economic and informational infrastructure to compete as a world power. While the preeminent weapon for most of this century was the hydrogen bomb, it has been replaced by the awesome capability of a single electron! Future superpowers will be those nations with the greatest capability to harness the power of the electron for both economic and "digital" warfare4. The traditional Cold War alignment of the East vs the West is gone forever. Gen. Yuri Kobaladze of the SVR- the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service recently stated," there are friendly nations, but there are no friendly intelligence services."5. At the height of Cold War solidarity (the enemy of my enemy is my friend), the major superpowers collected intelligence and attacked the cipher, or codes, of our friends as well as our enemies. The national interests' of former friends and foes are now being redefined in terms of competing economic interests. The traditional roles of spies in gathering, communicating and analyzing information (secrets), as well as counterintelligence, have been altered in ways never before imagined.6. The advent of the Keyhole satellite program nearly 30 years ago provided the United States with the capability to digitally observe events on earth in near "real time." These spies in the sky observe the earth regardless of cloud cover, bad weather and darkness. Using infrared cameras, radar and advanced sensing lenses, they can resolve images approaching a single inch in diameter.7. New "ears in space," sometimes officially designated as weather or mapping satellites, will continue to eavesdrop on all forms of communication signals transmitted into the earth. The increasing utilization of wireless frequencies for the transmission of telephone and computer data is absorbed into the antenna of these satellites. Speech recognition software, new to the consumer market but utilized by intelligence agencies for more than 25 years, will employ artificial intelligence to filter the unnecessary and recover secrets being communicated by both friends and foes.8. The information of the Internet into the information highway has forever changed the way in which the information is gathered. About 90 percent of everything spies need to know is available openly. The Internet, as the library of world knowledge, has become the repository of information needed to fuel economies of the world's superpowers. The keys to this fountain of knowledge are high-speed Internet access, advanced networking to share information quickly, and massive computer power to analyze billions of bits of data to discover the secrets hiddeninside. A clever computer programmer in the immediate future will recover more vital information in a day than a thousand fictional James Bonds could recover in a lifetime.9. The most dangerous point of vulnerability for a spy operating in hostile territory was not when he was stealing secrets, but rather when he attempted to communicate them to his “handler," Public awareness of the "tradecraft" of the Cold War was often focused around the communication techniques of "brush passes, car tosses" and dead drops.". Despite their sophistication and usefulness, they were vulnerable to an alert counterintelligence service and often confirmed the actions of the suspect being observed10. The Internet has changed this vulnerability into an advantage for the spy. Spies now utilize the Internet to communicate with near impunity. Messages, information and signals are now transmitted in ways that appear harmless but almost defy detection because they are interlaced into the normal and growing usage of the Internet. As information is transmitted or received into the Internet, its true recipient or sender may be masked in a bewildering variety of disguises. What once took days and weeks to communicate from a spy to his handler may now occur in milliseconds. Advanced encryption techniques may be utilized to additionally mask data that may later be imbedded into a digital scan, voice, music or television signal transmitted or received anywhere in the world. Even the world's most powerful computers lack the processing power to analyze trillions of bits of data for patterns to indicate possible imbedded messages.11. In East Germany during height of the Cold War, a sea of information overwhelmed the human capabilities in place to transcribe and analyze the results, Even if a great secret had eventually been captured, the likelihood that it would be transcribed and analyzed in time to be useful was zero. Without modern computers and the resulting analysis, the entire East German state eventually swamped itself in a sea of information.12. The analyst have long been the unsung heroes of the spy world. With little praise they accumulate bits of information from sources around the world and convert them into a useful intelligence product. More powerful computers scan information from all sources to discern patterns and make predictions. The resulting analysis may be a weather pattern and resulting grain harvest in a foreign country predicted years in advance. Though apparently harmless, such vital economic information becomes part of the finished intelligence product and potentially shapes foreign policy.13. In the new world of the digital spy, computer viruses have been developed and deployed that will be activated in time of war. Imagine the consequence of embedding a "Trojan horse" in the operating system software that runs 90 percent of the computers of both friends and foes. A Trojan horse, once activated, can selectively disable the computer infrastructure of a hostile opponent and cripple its economy, communications and defense. The war is over before it has begun.14. The traditional world of spies exists now only in fiction. Those intelligence services that most effectively identify, develop and implement the tools and techniques of the "cyber-spy" will provide their citizens with an incalculable advantage going into the new century.51 What is the function of the world's major intelligence agencies?A .To collect and analyze information from abroadB. To identify and eliminate foreign spiesC. To harness the power of the electron52. Which country is the most powerful in the world in terms of nuclear weapons during the ColdWar?A. The U.S.AB. The Soviet UnionC. East Germany D Britain53. Which of the following statements can be used to evaluate relationships among countries nowadays?A There are permanent enemies and friendsB. Countries sharing common economic interests are friends.C. The enemy of my enemy is my friend.D. Countries with similar political systems are friends.54. What does the phrase "ears in space" in para7 refer to?A. Weather and mapping satellitesB. Information highwayC. Telecommunication satellitesD. Spy satellites.55. The word "eavesdrop" in Para7 has the closest meaning with.A download B. overhear C. listen to secretly D. utilize56. Which statement is not true concerning the way in which information is gathered?A. Ninety percent of the needed information is available on the Internet.B.A clever computer programmer is far more efficient than top spies like James Bond.C. Most information is stolen by spies.D. Artificial intelligence will be employed to recover significant information.57. Which is one of the reasons why spies can utilize the Internet to communicate with near impunity?A. Intelligence is interwoven with the normal and growing usage of the Internet.B. Powerful computers can analyze trillions of bits of data.C. The true recipient or sender of a message can be easily traced.D. It takes days and weeks for a spy to communicate to his handler.58. With the work of modern computers and ___, a sea of information can be transcribed and analyzed.A. intelligence agenciesB. human analystsC. spiesD. satellites59.___is the most destructive weapon nowadays in times of war according to the passage.A. Hydrogen bombB. Digital spyC. The InternetD. Computer virus60. What might be the most suitable title for this passage?A. Spies in the digital ageB. Advanced intelligence serviceC. Traditional spies and modern spiesD. How to get intelligence productIV. Translation (15%)Part A Please translate the following sentences into Chinese (8%)1. Stereotypes are stumbling blocks for communicators because they interfere with objective viewing of stimuli ---- the sensitive search for cues to guide the imagination toward the other。

武汉大学博士英语期末考试资料整理(201865更新)

武汉大学博士英语期末考试资料整理(2018.6.5 更新 )1．段落分析Developing Paragraph/Body（正文 /主体）1.Unity (一致性 )—topic sentence切题，与开篇提出的论点相关2.Development 发(展性 )—supporting sentences no more than 5 aspects论据是否充分Common Methods of Developmentexemplification 例证1)facts 事实2)citation 引证3)comparison and contrast比较与对比4)analysis分析5)classification 分类3.Coherence (连贯性 ):主要指段落中的句子与句子之间在逻辑上和结构上的相互连贯—条理清楚、层次分明、衔接自然。

General rule by classification 总原则： from the most important to the least important or versa vice 由重到轻，反之亦然（由轻到重：hierarchical structure/build-up expansion）1)by transitions/signposts过渡词 /路标词2)by repetition of key words3)by synonyms or variations of key words4)by reference words (e.g.: this, these, that, those, one, ones)5)from material to spiritual aspects从物质到精神6)from physical to psychological aspects从身体到心理7)from individual to social aspects从个体到社会8)from oneself to others从自身到他人9)from direct to indirect aspects从直接到间接10)from physical environment to economic, social and cultural structure从地理环境到社会、经济和文化结构Concept-defining1. Content 内容（ from paragraph level 段落）Topic 话题—笼统→ Perspective 角度—抽象→ Aspect方面—具体1） Topic 话题： what to write –general 笼统（ topic sentence）2） Perspective (point of view/viewpoint) 角度 /视点→展开素材3） Aspect (part/side) 方面 /层面→体现素材 (supporting sentences)from material to spiritual aspects从物质到精神from physical to psychological aspects从身体到心理 from general to specific 从笼统到具体from idea/mentality to behavior 从思想到行为from people to organization/governmentfrom technological to social aspects = from technology to society/from science to society from individual to social aspects从个体到社会 from oneself to others从自身到他人from direct to indirect aspects从直接到间接from physical environment to economic, social and cultural structure从地理环境到社会、经济和文化结构2.Form/Function 形式（ from passage level篇章）Structure: the organization of the wholearticle Introduction (what)Body (why)Conclusion (how)3.Paragraph development 段落的展开How to arrange the material to develop/illustrate/elaborate/support the topic sentence1)Skill: knowledge & ability that enables you to so sth wellSkill form:技巧/形式→展开素材：支持句的表现形式，外在的（supporting sentence）Skill > method1)(by) Statistics 统计2)(by) Examples 例证3)(by) Statements阐述4)(by) Quotation 引言2)Method/order: way of arrangementMethod/order/pattern: content方法 /布局→排列组合素材；支持句排列组合方式，内在的1)topic order（subtitle）2)causal order = cause and effect3)spatial order = space order4)chronological order = time order5)problem and solution6)means and ends7)process and result8)classification9)hierarchical structure 分层次、等级的 (from least to most)10)antithesis对照（ from positive to negative）11)progression递进：a gradual process of change or developing over period of time一段时间内的变化发展过程12)comparison and contrast比较与对比13)by definition 下定义Note：平行结构是指在论证某个观点或论题时，将其分解成具有一定联系的几个方面加以论述，而这几个方面都是从属于中心论题或观点的，他们之间地位平等，呈平行关系。

武汉大学研究生英语期末考试解析

武汉大学研究生英语期末考试解析
一、听力
三篇来源于听说教程Part Ⅱ，一篇源于课外。

听说教程可以在学校的复印店里复印。

2013年1月8日听力为uint 10的ExcersizeⅠ，uint 8的ExcersizeⅡ，uint 11的Excersize Ⅰ
二、词汇
课本1，3，4，5，7单元的黑体单词（没有书的同学只需复印1，3，4，5，7单元的课文，2，6，8单元不讲）可参考往年试卷，有部分相同的试题。

三、阅读
两篇课外较长文章，每篇10题
四、翻译
汉译英部分占七分，来源于翻译教程第三单元（不要买课本了，只复印第三单元）13年1月8日的翻译为
1．环境学家指出……
2．与中国高速发展的经济相比……
英译汉部分占八分，来源于阅读教程中的1，3，4，5，7单元
五、写作180字的summary
总共两个半小时，时间很紧张
考试题型及出题范围(期末卷面成绩占80%, 平时上课及作业10%, 口语考试10%)
(1) 听力理解20题(20%) : 课内(听说课本的part 1 and 2) 占15%, 课外5%.
均为选择题(四选一)
(2) 词汇25题(25%): 阅读课本五个单元TextＡ中的黑体字是重点，均为选
择题(四选一)．
(3)阅读理解２０题（２０％），课外两篇长度大约１０００字的阅读
文章，均为选择题(四选一)．
.(4)翻译（１５％）：英译汉４句，选自五篇课内阅读文章；汉译英３句（或一小段），选自翻译课本（汉译英那一章）
（５）写作（２０％）：给两篇文章，长度１０００字左右，选读一篇并写出约１５０字的summary．。

(完整版)武汉大学研究生英语期末考试口语话题及素材

Intercultural CommunicationIn recent years，it is widely acknowledged that intercultural communication has been becoming an increasingly common phenomenon. From my point of view, a number of factors could account for this trend.First and foremost， the development of transportation. Now jet planes fly everywhere. It used to take months to travel from Shanghai to Los Angeles, but now it takes only 12 hours。

It is now much easier for people to move from one country to another。

People of different countries and races get together much oftener than before.What’s more, the advancement of communication means。

Nowadays people get in touch with each other in various ways, through internet， telephone，mobile phone and so on。

These efficient means sharply promote intercultural communication to a large extent。

Besides, the ongoing of economic globalization. Since economic globalization lead to the production and market globalization, more and more multinational corporations now operate in quite a few countries。

武汉大学博士英语期末考试-文章分析练习10篇-练习和答案

Passage 1 Kyoto Protocol: The Unfinished Agenda1.Most mainstream scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum that is known as oil or crude oil) and other industrial activities have led to a buildup of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. They also agr ee that the earth’s surface has warmed during the last century and that further warming of several degrees Celsius is likely in the next century.This broad scientific consensus has played an important role in convincing many national governments that immediate action is necessary to limit global greenhouse gas emissions.2.Developing countries, however, have portrayed themselves as victimized by the wealthier industrialized nations.On one hand, these countries believe they have the most to lose from continued global warming. Because much of the developing world occupies warmer regions, where many species of crops and domesticated animals live at the upper limit of their natural temperature tolerance, higher temperatures could lead to widespread livestock declines and crop failures.Moreover, unlike the industrialized world, most developing nations lack the capital and infrastructure to develop new varieties of heat-tolerant crops and animals, build flood control systems, and deploy disaster relief when needed.3.On the other hand, global emission reduction targets also hurt developing countries because such reduction interferes with their plans for economic development through inexpensive, carbon-based energy sources. Indeed, many representatives of developing countries see global warming advocates as part of a conspiracy to maintain the economic advantage of industrialized nations at the expense of poorer nations. Thus, developing countries have argued that they be exempt from emission reduction until their economies approached the strength of those in developed nation.4.Carbon-cycle calculations, however, suggest that allowing developing countries to delay by decades their participation in emission reduction agreements would commit the world to very large increases in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.The carbon cycle refers to the natural process through which carbon dioxide injected into the atmosphere is slowly removed byphotosynthesis in plants and absorption in thecomplete. Various carbon-cycle models have shown that if fossil fuels are used to power industrialreductions must be achieved everywhere, presumably through a Kyoto or post-Kyoto negotiated protocol.5.Global environmental collapse is not inevitable.But the developed world must work with the developing world to ensure that new industrialized economies do not add to the world’s environmental problems.Politicians must think of sustainable development rather than economic expansion. Conservation strategies have to become more widely accepted, and people must learn that energy use can be dramatically diminished without sacrificing comfort.In short, with the technology that currently exists, the years of global environmental mistreatment can begin to be reversed. (476 words)ARTICLE ANALYSISPassage 21.Some people argue that diversity in the material environment is insignificant so long as we are racing toward cultural or spiritual homogeneity. This view gravely underestimates the importance of material goods as symbolic expressions of human personality differences, and it foolishly denies a connection between the inner and outer environment. Those who fear the standardization of human beings should warmly welcome the destandardization of goods. For by increasing the diversity of goods available to man, we increase the mathematical probability of differences in the way men actually live.2.More important, however, is the very premise that we are racing towards cultural homogeneity, since a close look at this also suggests that just the opposite is true. It is unpopular to say this, but we are moving swiftly towards fragmentation and diversity not only in material production, but in art and education as well.3.One highly revealing test of cultural diversity in any literate society has to do with the number of different books published per million of population. The more standardized the tastes of the public, the fewer titles will be published per million; the more diverse these tastes, the greater the number of titles. The increase or decrease of this figure over time is a significant clue to the direction of cultural change in the society. This was the reasoning behind a study of world book trends published by UNESCO. Conducted by Robert Escarpit, director of the Center for the Sociology of Literature at the University of Bordeaux, it provided dramatic evidence of a powerful international shift towards cultural destandardization.4.The same push towards pluralism is evident in painting, too, where we find an almost incredibly wide spectrum of production. Representationalism, expressionism, surrealism, abstract expressionism, hard-edge, pop, kinetic, and a hundred other styles are pumped into the society at the same time. One or another may dominate the galleries temporarily, but there are no universal standards or styles. It is a pluralistic market place.5.Similarly, a wave of revolt for diversity in education has begun to sweep the college campus. New technology makes destandardization possible. Computers, for example, make it easier for a large school to schedule more flexibly. They make it easier for the school cope with independent study, with a wide range of course offerings and more varied extra-curricular activities. More important, computer-assisted education and other such techniques, despite popular misconceptions, radically enhance the possibility of diversity in the classroom. They permit each student to advance at his own purely personal pace. They permit him to follow an individual-cut path towards knowledge, rather than a rigid syllabus as in the traditional industrial era classroom.6.In education, therefore, as in the production of material goods, the society is shifting irresistibly away from, rather than towards, standardization. It is not simply a matter of more varied automobiles, detergents and cigarettes. The thrust towards diversity and increased individual choice affects our mental, as well as our material surroundings. (488 words)ARTICLE ANALYSISPassage 3Leisure and Leadership(不在老师给出的题目里面)1.Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.2.As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one’s spare time, leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one’s job and one’s life-style. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.3.The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide “escape” from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one’s environment; to p rovide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people’s life experiences as portrayed in the programs. In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more “balanced” way of life.4.Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to one’s interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction. Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, and the mass media. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.5.Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students. Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.(462 words)ARTICLE ANALYSISPassage 41.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.2.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at the research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research, and that presents a problem.3.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.4.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. Thesolution is not to separate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators, or something else”.5.The pace of modern science makes increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibiliti es.(394 words)ARTICLE ANALYSISPassage 5Post-car Society1.KimiyukiSuda should be a perfect customer for Japan's carmakers. He's a young (34), successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable income. He used to own Toyota's Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses mostly subways and trains. Suda reflects a worrisome trend in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, particularly among the young, who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic gadgets. While minicars and luxury foreign brands are still popular, everything in between is slipping. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.2.Alarmed by this state of decay, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association launched a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found a widening wealth gap, demographic changes—fewer households with children, a growing urban population—and general lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their vehicles longer, replace their cars with smaller ones or give up car ownership altogether. "Japan's automobile society stands at a crossroads," says Ryuichi Kitamura, a transport expert and professor at Kyoto University. He says he does not expect the trend to be reversed, as studies show that the younger Japanese consumers are, the less interested they are in having a car. JAMA predicts a further sales decline of 1.2 percent in 2008.3. But in Japan, the "demotorization" process, is also driven by cost factors. Owning and driving a car can cost up to $500 per month in Japan, including parking fees, car insurance, toll roads and various taxes. Taxes on a $17,000 car in Japan are4.1 times higher than in the United States, 1.7 times higher than in Germany and 1.25 times higher than in the U.K., according to JAMA. "Automobiles used to represent a symbol of our status, a Western, modern lifestyle that we aspired for," says Kitamura. For today's young people, he argues, "such thinking is completely gone."4.Cars are increasingly just a mobile utility; the real consumer time and effort goes into picking the coolest mobile phones and personal computers, not the hippest hatchback. The rental-car industry has grown by more than 30 percent in the past eight years, as urbanites book weekend wheels over the Internet. Meanwhile, government surveys show that spending on cars per household per year fell by 14 percent, to $600, between 2000 and 2005, while spending on Net and mobile-phone subscriptions rose by 39 percent, to $1,500, during the same period.5.For Japanese car companies, the implications are enormous. “Japan is the world’s second largest market, with a 17 to 18 percent share of our global sales. It’s important,” says Takao Katagiri, corporate vice president at Nissan Motor Co. The domestic market is where Japanese carmakers develop technology and build their know-how, and if it falters, it could gut an industry that employs 7.8 percent of the Japanese work force. While surging exports, particularly to emerging markets, have more than offset the decline in domestic sales so far, companies are looking for ways to turn the tide. Nissan, for example, is trying to appeal to the digital generation with promotio nal blogs and even a videogame. A racing game for Sony’s PlayStation, for example, offers players the chance to virtually drive the company’s latest sporty model, the GT-R—a new marketing approach to create buzz and tempt them into buying cars. Toyota Motors has opened an auto mall as part of a suburban shopping complex near Tokyo, hoping to attract the kinds of shoppers who have long since stopped thinking about dropping by a car dealership. It’s a bit akin to the Apple strategy of moving electronics out of the soulless superstore, and into more appealing and well-trafficked retail spaces. It worked for Apple, but then Apple is so 21st century. (638 words)Passage 6 Women Are Crazy for Fashion1.Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.2.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called ‘top designers’ in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.3.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailed by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.4.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-lines are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.5.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.(515words)ARTICLE ANALYSIS 6Passage 7The Beauty of Mathematics1.The British philosopher and logician Bertrand Russell once wrote: “Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth, but supreme beauty — a beauty cold and austere, like that of sculpture.” Sculpture is widely admired in our societies —there is hardly a public space in our cities that does not boast a sculpture of some sort. But mathematical beauty is barely recognized beyond the confines of academia, and it is never celebrated.2.This seems curious, since it is clear that artists have long found inspiration in mathematics. Greek architects appear to have used a number known as the golden ratio when designing the Parthenon, and Leonardo D a Vinci’s Vitruvian Man, which depicts an outstretched figure encompassed by a square and a circle, is an attempt to link human beauty with geometry. And in the 20th century, artists have been exposed even more to mathematical ideas, initially because Victorian mathematicians found ways of visualizing mathematical formulae and functions in physical form. Now computers have made it possible to visualize even more complex functions as fractal patterns, and hence mathematical objects like Mandelbrot set have become household images.3.But mathematicians are not usually thinking of images, models and sculptures when they talk about beauty. Mathematical beauty is not a visual quality, Judging a piece of mathematics by the way it looks when modeled in clay, carved in stone or printed on paper is like judging a book by its typeface –it’s an absurd notion.4.What, then, constitutes beautiful mathematics? This is rarely debated among mathematicians, but there are some generally accepted tests that a piece of work must pass to be deemed beautiful —it must employ a minimal number of assumptions, for example, or give some original and important insight, or throw other work into new perspective. Elegance is perhaps a better term for it. There is a flip side, of course: a piece of mathematics laden with unnecessary assumptions and offering no new insight is deemed ugly. The most famous example of a function that meets all the requirements of beauty is Euler’s formula (e iπ+1=0), which links some of the most fundamental concepts in mathematics and draws together two entirely separate branches of the science –geometry, the study of space, and algebra, the study of structure and quantity.5.So why has mathematical beauty failed to make a cultural impact? One reason could be that this spectrum of aesthetics, with beauty at one end and ugliness at the other, sounds horribly one dimensional. And having rules for mathematical beauty feels, as Russell put in, cold and austere: this is a beauty devoid of emotion, profoundly different to that which we experience and admire in a physical world. The beauty of mathematics can be cold and austere, when viewed in a particular way. But viewed in another, it can be rich and warm, funny and sad, romantic and profound. Just like sculpture —he was right about it.(486words)ARTICLE ANALYSIS 7Passage 81. It’s possible to admire Oprah Winfrey and still wish Harvard hadn’t awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencement speaker spot at yesterday’s graduation. There’s no question Oprah’s achievements place her in the temple of American success stories. Talent, charm, and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone as far as they have this former abused teenage mother from rural Mississippi who became one of world’s most successful entertainment icons and the first African-American female billionaire.2. Honorary degrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts, business, and politics. Harvard’s list in recent years has included Kofi Annan, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, and David Souter. But Oprah’s particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose motto, Veritas, means truth. Oprah’s passionate advocacy extends, unfortunately, to a hearty embrace of fake science. Most notoriously, Oprah’s validation of Jenny McCarthy’s claim that vaccines cause autism has no doubt contributed to much harm through the foolish avoidance of vaccines.3. Famous people are entitled to a few failings, like the rest of us, and the choice of commencement speakers often reflects a balance of institutional priorities and aspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students, Oprah was a widely popular choice. But this vote of confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at precisely the time when American universities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As former Dean of Harvard College, Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about his objections, “It seems very odd for Harvard to h onor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational…at a time when political and religious nonsense so jeopardize the rule of reason in this allegedly enlightened democracy and around the world.”4. As America’s oldest and most visible university, Harv ard has a special opportunity to convey its respect for science not only through its research and teaching programs but also in its public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry. Unfortunately, many American universities seem awfully busy protecting their brand name and not nearly busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvard’s public relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversy was really the best outward-looking face of this great institution.5. As American research universities begin to resemble profile centers and entertainment complexes, it’s easy to lose sight of their primary mission: to produce and spread knowledge. This mission depends on traditions of rational discourse and vigorous defense of the scientific method. Oprah Winfrey’s honorary doctorate was a step in the wrong direction.(445 words)ARTICLE ANALYSIS - Passage 8Passage 91. When Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg launched the in Feb. 2004, even he could not imagine the forces it would let loose. His intent was to connect college students. Facebook, which is what this website rapidly evolved into, ended up connecting the world.2. To the children of this connected era, the world is one giant social network. They are not bound — as were previous generations of humans — by what they were taught. They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. During my childhood, all knowledge was local. You learned everything you knew from your parents, teachers, preachers, and friends. With the high-quality and timely information at their fingertips, today’s children are rising above the fears and biases of their parents. Adults are also participating in this revolution. India’s normally tame middle class is speaking up against social ills. Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. Political leaders are marshalling the energy of millions for elections and political causes. All of this is being done with social media technologies that Facebook and its competitors set free.3. As does every advancing technology,social media has created many new problems. It is commonly addictive and creates risks for younger users. Social media is used by extremists in the Middle East and elsewhere to seek and brainwash recruits. And it exposes us and our friends to disagreeable spying. We may leave our lights on in the house when we are on vacation, but through social media we tell criminals exactly where we are, when we plan to return home, and how to blackmail us.4. Governments don’t need informers any more.Social media allows government agencies to spy on their own citizens.We record our thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes on Facebook; we share our political views, social preferences, and plans. We post intimate photographs of ourselves. No spy agency or criminal organization could actively gather the type of data that we voluntarily post for them. The marketers are also seeing big opportunities.Amazon is trying to predict what we will order. Google is trying to judge our needs and wants based on our social-media profiles. We need to be aware of the risks and keep working to alleviate the dangers.5. Regardless of what social media people use, one thing is certain: we are in a period of accelerating change.The next decade will be even more amazing and unpredictable than the last. Just as no one could predict what would happen with social media in the last decade, no one can accurately predict where this technology will take us. I am optimistic, however, that a connected humanity will find a way to uplift itself. (450 words)ARTICLE ANALYSIS – Passage 9Passage 10.The Use of Antibiotics in Modern US Agriculture1. One of the most striking patterns in modern US agriculture is the increasing use of antibiotics asa regular supplement in the feed and water consumed by cows, pigs and especially poultry. Most of these drugs are administered in small doses to farm animals not to cure sickness but to promote more growth on less feed and to prevent the infections that come with crowding in feedlots and confinement systems. The practice began in the late 1940s and has accelerated rapidly. Nobody knows precisely what volume of antibiotics is used today. But new estimates released by a public interest group suggest that the amount of antibiotics used nontherapeutically in American livestock has grown to 11.2 million kilograms per year, a number that may be as much as 50% higher than it was in 1985.2.These figures appear in a new report on agricultural antibiotics by the Union of Concerned Scientists, a nonprofit organization based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The numbers are alarming for two reasons. First, 11.2 million kilograms far exceeds previous estimates. Second, it was a very hard number to arrive at because the data for antibiotic production and use, in humans or animals, are, as the report states, “shockingly incomplete”. A trade group for the makers of veterinary medicines has estimated, for example, that far more antibiotics are used in treating human illness than are administered to animals. But the new estimates find just the opposite—that for the nontherapeutic purposes, cows, pigs and poultry receive overall more than eight times the amount of antibiotics that humans receive in the treatment of actual illness.3. The public has a vital interest in this issue because the number of microbes that are resistant to antibiotic treatments is increasing, and much of the problem stems from the overuse of antibiotics, which kill off susceptible microbes but leave the resistant ones to proliferate. Giving large numbers of animals small doses of antibiotics creates the perfect conditions for the development of resistant strains of microbes, which cause disease in humans. There is already widespread concern in the medical community about the prescription of unnecessary antibiotics for human use, but the problem is exacerbated by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in agriculture. Moreover, the practice of giving animals antibiosis largely unnecessary, as farmers in Sweden, where giving important human antibiotics to farm animals is illegal, have proved.4. The public also has an interest in the quality of the information concerning antibiotic usage. It is difficult to craft a meaningful policy without accurate numbers. As this report convincingly argues, “even the most basic information on anti-microbial usage is not available”—not from either government sources or industry. Indeed, government health officials have complained about the lack of reliable data on antibiotic use.5. The way to ensure that antibiotics rain their efficacy against disease is to know exactly how and in what quantities they are being administered and to eliminate unnecessary usage. But there seems little doubt that antibiotic use will need to be cut back sharply before it produces even more microbes that are resistant to modern medicines. (512 words)。

大学英语期末复习资料-附参考答案

大学英语（4）期末复习资料（附参考答案）一、语法（75题）Grammar: Choose the best choice to complete the sentences.1.I every week.A go swimmingB goes swimmingC went swimming2.I work yesterday.A doesn’t go toB didn’t go toC don’t go to3.my father phone me last night?A DoB DoesC Did4.What in their spare time?A do the students often readB the students often readC the students do often read5.I was reading the newspaper Joyce came over to chat.A at thenB whenC where6.I sleep well when I was younger.A don’t used toB didn’t used toC didn’t use to7.We everything together, but now we don’t.A use to doB used to doC used do8.There have been a lot of changes 1978.A sinceB fromC for9.Her brother in the army for three years.A have beenB has beenC was10.I haven’t paid DJ Richard .A sinceB alreadyC yetst year I often that library.A went toB go toC goes to12.anything wrong with the machine?A Are thereB Is thereC Do there13.Who gave you those flowers?A /B doC did14.I some drinks when I noticed this woman.A am makingB makeC was making15.Did you play basketball?A use toB used toC be used to16.She has just Shanghai.A went toB gone toC go to17.You borrow my bike tomorrow.A mustB canC should18.You go there.A don’t have toB need not toC don’t need19.The nights be cold.A areB shouldC will20.Hurry up, we’ll be late.A orB andC but21.I go to the party.A might notB not mightC mustn’t22.He be ill. He looks so pale.A canB mustC mustn’t23.I can’t promise you .A somethingB anythingC nothing24.Jim is Jack.A as tall thanB as taller asC as tall as25.He is boy in our class.A the tallestB the most tallC a tallest26.you don’t know the answer, ask me.A SinceB BecauseC If27.You smoke here.A mustn’tB needn’tC don’t28.Paris tonight. Look -- here’s the plane ticket.A I’m flying toB I fly toC I can fly to29.My car consumes gas than hers.A fewB lessC little30.Mary has more books her brother.A asB likeC than31.He is of the five brothers.A the youngerB the youngestC the most young32.If it rains, I stay at home.A willB mightC must33.My car outside the school yesterday.A is parkingB was parkC was parked34.I’ve bought a new house.A justB yetC really35.When we got there, the basketball match .A has already startedB had already startedC had already starting36.They were warmly by the local people.A welcomedB welcomeC welcoming37.If I you, I would refuse the money.A amB wasC were38.If you dropped the glass, it break.A willB wouldC can39.He told me that he me a special present.A will buyB would boughtC had bought40.This house last year.A was builtB is builtC was build41.the end of that year, Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.A OnB AtC By42.She said that she about her date.A was really excitedB was really excitingC is really excited43.Jenny a day’s work.A already has doneB has already doneC has done already44.The song was composed an 8-year-old boy.A withB atC by45.He said that he her the day before.A sawB have seenC had seen46.I met an old friend of mine .A on my way homeB on way homeC on my way to home47.He went ________.A to upstairsB upstairsC stair up48.He has an ________ jacket.A black old leatherB leather old blackC old black leather49.The film ________ I saw last night is about a young teacher.A whichB whoC what50.He is sorry ________ the news.A hearB to hearC that hear51.My grandpa is wearing a ________ belt.A red long plasticB long plastic redC long red plastic52.We have friends all over ________ world.A theB aC /53.I asked him how he liked ________ Paris.A aB theC /54.There must be life out there ________.A anywhereB somewhereC everywhere55.I hate ________bright colours like red and yellow.A wearingB to wearC wear56.The ________have a lot of time to do their own research work.A there studentsB students thereC there are students57.I ________him singing.A have never heardB never have heardC have heard never58.The old man walked home________.A slowB slowerC slowly59.He often comes to school ________.A lateB latelyC in late60.The girl ________answered the phone was polite enough.A whichB thatC what61.Your shoes need ________.A polishB polishedC polishing62.________ abroad can be very exciting.A TravellingB TravelC Travelled63.I enjoy ________with you.A workB to workC working64.I found my ________ paintings.A two first small oilB first two small oilC first small two oil65.I considered ________ better not to go.A itB thatC /66.I would like ________ more money on clothes.A spendingB to spendC spend67.She has two cats. ________big cat is white, and ________ small one is black.A the, aB A, theC The, the68.________ is power.A The knowledgeB KnowledgeC A knowledge69.We ________ visit our friends in Germany in April. They invited us last week.A are going toB willC are about to70.The weather is________ than it was yesterday.A more badB more worseC worse71.It is one of the best concerts I________.A went toB have ever been toC had gone to72.China is no longer what it________.A used to beB was used to beingC used to being73.The workers are busy________models for the exhibition.A to makeB with makingC making74.________you change your mind, I won’t be able to help you.A WhenB UnlessC While75.I have taken many photos. I’m going to get the film________.A developedB developingC to be developed二、完型填空（7篇）Cloze: Read the article and choose the best choice to fill the gaps.1.From: U2L2 P23Close EncountersThese days, you can find love in all kinds of places. We talked to four couples from around the world who met their partner in a memorable way.TammyI was very sceptical about meeting people ____1____ the Internet. But one day I was ____2____ the net and decided to go into a chat room. It was quite boring until a guy ____3____ Brad came in. We chatted for a long time and then ____4____ photos. It was difficult because we were both going out with someone at the time and we were living in ____5____ states, but eventually we arranged to meet. And now we’re together!AlbertI live in an old people’s home and I really thought I was ____6____ old to meet anybody special. I wasn’t looking ____7____ love, but I suppose I needed a friend. One day, I was ____8____ the newspaper in the garden when Joyce came over to have a chat. We talked and talked, day after day, and we became very ____9____. Now, we do everything together. I have one regret –that I didn’t ____10____ Joyce years ago!1 A on B in C through2 A surf B surfed C surfing3 A call B called C calling4 A exchanged B charged C changed5 A the same B other C different6 A so B too C very7 A at B for C after8 A reading B making C writing9 A sleepy B tired C close10 A meet B love C marryKey: ACBAC BBACA2.From: U2L2 P23Close EncountersThese days, you can find love in all kinds of places. We talked to four couples from around the world who mettheir partner in a memorable way.PetraIt ____1____ one night at our local nightclub. I was dancing, and suddenly I ____2____ the feeling that someone was watching me. I looked around and saw a boy on the other side of the room staring at me. I ____3____ to be brave and walked over to him. Hans was very shy but we had a drink and started talking. We just clicked and we quickly became friends.RicardoIt was New Year’s Eve and I ___4____ some people around to my house to celebrate. I planned a quiet party but my friends brought other friends and by twelve o’clock there were lots of people. I was ____5____ some drinks in the kitchen when I noticed this woman on her ____6____. She didn’t seem to know anybody, so I ____7____ over to her and ____8____ myself. She said, “So you’re not Antonio, then?!”She was at the wrong party–she had made a____9____ with the address! I asked her to stay and we got on really ____10____…and now we’re together.1 A came B happened C went2 A had B felt C sensed3 A told B liked C decided4 A invited B loved C asking5 A washing B making C playing6 A side B self C own7 A ran B went C leaned8 A introduced B asked C talked9 A fuss B wrong C mistake10 A good B well C fineKey: BACAB CBACB3.From: U5L3 P7315 months that can change your lifeTeachers and students agree – a gap year is a unique experience that can ____1____ your life forever. Gap years usually____2____when a student leaves schools in June and last ____3____ they start higher education in October of the following year. Prince William’s decision to have a gap year in Patagonia was typical of ____4____ people in the UK – they take a____5____ from studying and see some of the world ____6____ going on to university or____7____. It’s ____8____ opportunity to enjoy a bit of adventure, travel, maybe ____9____ some work experience or spend some time ____10____ other people.1 A change B live C have2 A finish B begin C continue3 A so that B but C until4 A young B old C rich5 A breath B nap C break6 A when B before C after7 A college B work C school8 A a B / C an9 A gain B lose C won10 A help B helping C helpedKey: ABCAC BACAB4.From: U8L2 P119Paparazzi Pirate: Blog 139I had just woken up when I ____1____a call from Pepe at La Gaviota restaurant. He told me that some big names were coming for lunch. I left my house as soon as I had phoned my editor to check what shots he wanted. I arrived at 11 am and ____2____ behind the bushes with my camera.I had been there ____3____ about two hours before an interesting car arrived. I saw George Clooney and his new girlfriend get out.____4____, I coul dn’t get a good photo. Then, suddenly, I realised that they were going to the back door of the restaurant. I got on my motorbike and____5____their limousine. This time, I took a ____6____ shot of Clooney; he even smiled at me! I put the film in my pocket.Just then Clooney’s bodyguard saw me. He wanted the film. We fought and I just managed to ____7____. I rushed to the office on my bike, but when I arrived andsearched____8____ the film, I realised that it had ____9____out of my pocket during the fight. I felt really ____10____!1 A accepted B dialed C got2 A hid B hidden C hides3 A with B for C till4 A Furthermore B Besides C Unfortunately5 A ran B chased C rushed6 A perfect B bad C ugly7 A escape B win C defeat8 A on B by C for9 A hopped B fallen C escaped10 A good B relaxed C stupidKey: CABCB AACBC5.From: U12L2 P180THE YOUNG AND ANGRY: in their own wordsA Tree DwellerNoah Rose, 29, is living in a tree house to protest about a new road ____1____ the local council is planning to build.“Sometimes you can get a bit bored of ____2____ in a tree house. I mean, you don’t have any of the basic things that you’re used to. I’m here because I really feel that th is road should not be ____3____. It will just add to pollution and ____4____ some beautiful countryside. I know we’ll succeed ____5____ the end–I’m sure we can beat the Department of Transport. Who needs more roads anyway?”A SquatterNancy Barrett, 23, lives in a squat in New Cross Road. The police want to evict her and other squatters from the houses in the area.“We have tied ourselves ____6____ the house, so the police can’t move us out. They’ve got no right. This house has been empty ____7____ years and nobody owns it. We live here peacefully and don’t do any ____8____ to anyone. We don’t believe ____9____ capitalism or consumerism, and that’s why this protest is important. A home is a home and you shouldn’t have to be grateful to the banks for that. ____10____happens, I know we’ll have to leave in the end. It’s depressing but that’s how it is –the police always win.”1 A what B who C which2 A living B live C to live3 A build B built C building4 A destroy B protect C love5 A by B in C at6 A with B on C to7 A in B for C by8 A harm B good C use9 A on B at C in10 A Whatever B However C WhoeverKey: CABAB CBACA6.From: U12L3 P1842050 – A Day in the Life of Citizen KYZ606 and his Pet Computer DanielFriday8:00 When I wake up, my pet computer, Daniel, smiles at me and says “Good morning”. He makes me a coffee and chooses my “look” for the day.9:00 At the office again. I want sunshine today so Daniel changes the lighting and air conditioning to create a ____1____day. It’s great here, because I don’t have to think –the computers do everything. While Daniel organizes my schedule, I talk to friends ____2____my mobile videophone.11:30 At the gym. My computer knows exactly ____3____I need to do. I don’t like doing so ____4____exercise, but Daniel says I’ll have a heart attack at the age of 53 if I don’t.13:00 Lunch in the office restaurant. We press some ____5____on the food-ordering machine, and the pills arrive quickly through a hole in the table. Everything tastes really good today.13:30 Back in the office, there’s nothing to do so I take a ____6____. Daniel will wake me up when I’ve had enough sleep.16:00Daniel has woken me up, but there’s no work to do so I do a bit of ____7____online. I love shopping.Daniel helps me find a shirt that will look good at the party tonight. He really knows what I like.19:00 Back at home, I watch a football match, although it’s not very exciting ____8____Daniel tells me the result before the end. He does that with films as well – I get really annoyed with him.21:00 Party in full swing. As soon as I arrive, Daniel chooses me a partner ____9____will be compatible. She seems very nice. I order another whisky and a red warning light goes on – I am drinking too much again!23:00 Time ____10____bed. Daniel prepares my pyjamas and my dreams for the night. I think I would prefer to dream on my own, but anyway… It’s been a good day… I think!1 A rainy B sunny C cloudy2 A on B in C through3 A which B that C what4 A much B many C more5 A cards B keys C buttons6 A nap B walk C shower7 A chatting B shopping C looking8 A so that B because C however9 A which B what C who10 A for B to C withKey: BACAC ABBCA7.From: U1L2 P10London: Melting Pot of CulturesA ChinaChinese people first came to Britain ____1____ 1885. The first arrivals were mostly seamen ____2____ worked on steamships. In the 1950s, many Chinese people settled in the central Soho area of London. This area is ____3____ Chinatown. Here, you can experience a taste of China by ____4____ in London’s best Chinese ____5____ and shopping for Chinese vegetables, herbal medicines and gifts.B The CaribbeanDuring the 1950s, people from the Caribbean islands ____6____ in London to start a new life. Their reggae music, steel drums and culture ____7____ all now part of the capital’s atmosphere, especially duri ng the Notting Hill Carnival, Europe’s ____8____ and most vibrant street party. When does it ____9____ place? You can catch it every year at the end of August. One of the ____10____ of the Caribbean community is in Brixton, in the south of London.1 A on B at C in2 A whom B who C whose3 A called B call C calling4 A eating B eat C to eat5 A hotels B bars C restaurants6 A got B arrived C reached7 A is B will be C are8 A largest B smallest C newest9 A make B take C give10 A tents B cents C centresKey: CBAAC BCABC三、阅读理解（14篇）（1）阅读判断题（7篇）Reading: Read the article and judge whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).1.From: U1L1 P6ProfilesCarolinaHi, I’m Carolina and I’m 21 years old. I live in Berlin, but I was born in the south of Italy. We moved here from Italy when I was 14 because of my father’s work. I’m half German, half Italian. I started working in the family business a few years ago – we have a jeweller’s shop. I work in the shop every afternoon except Sundays, but it’s a bit boring. The city is OK but I never have time to enjoy it – everything is so hectic. I often miss Italy.RashidMy name’s Rashid. I’m 24 and I live in London. I’m Ind ian, but I was born here in the UK. My parents came here from Bombay (we call it Mumbai now) at the end of the 1960s. London’s a great place to be for me because Istudy architecture and there are lots of interesting buildings around. Every day I see somet hing new. I don’t want to live anywhere else.LindaMy name’s Linda. I’m 25 and live in a small town outside Vancouver. My mother is Spanish and my father comes from Lagos in Nigeria. We speak English, French and Spanish at home. I work as a teacher in th e local school. It’s a great job but very tiring because I get up very early every morning. Before, I worked as a secretary –I didn’t like it at all! I really like the town I live in, although it’s very cold in winter. Cities like Vancouver are just too b ig for me.1 Everybody’s parents have different nationalities.2 Everybody likes cities.3 Linda likes her job.4 Carolina is the most positive about her city.5 Rashid was born in Bombay.Key: FFTFF2.From: U3L3 P42Rat race rebelsMost of us are trapped in a nine-to-five office routine and many of us would like to escape. We interviewed three people who have said “No!” to this rat race…FionaAfter university, I was on the dole for a few months. I didn’t have any money, so I was really pleased to get an office job… but it was very boring! I gave it up and went to do voluntary work for the VSO – V oluntary Service Overseas – in Rwanda. I teach old people and children to read and write. It’s not the most comfortable of jobs but it’s great to be doing something of real use for once.AndyI used to be a freelance news journalist. It was very stressful and I had to travel a lot. I applied for loads of other jobs with no success, so I started to think about my real interest –football! Now, I work from home and write football articles for press agencies around the world. It’s a full-time job but I have much more free time. I’m my own boss and I can get up when I want!EmmaI used to be a teacher and I worked 40 hours a week. Then, I saw the movie American Beauty and thought I could change my life too! I did a course in acupuncture and shiatsu massage. I took four years to get qualified but now I have set up my own business. Shiatsu is very popular these days because people are so stressed and you can earn quite good money.1 Fiona didn’t have a job for a while.2 Andy has turned an interest into a profession.3 Fiona has her own company.4 Fiona feels she is doing something useful.5 Andy was influenced by a film that he saw.Key: TTFTF3.From: U6L2 P71Your Weekend in Lisbon with Sunshine ToursCongratulations on booking your holiday with Sunshine Tours!!Here’s your travel itinerary for the long weekend. THURSDAY 18th JuneA Sunshine Tours rep will meet you at Lisbon airport and a coach will take you to your hotel.FRIDAY 19th JuneIn the morning，we will take one of the city’s famous yellow trams up to the Castelo de São Jorge, with fabulous views over the city. The afternoon is free for you to explore the Baixa district with its interesting shops and cafés. In the evening, we will go to the Bairro Alto area for dinner and to hear the wonderfully melancholy fado music. SATURDAY 20th JuneA day of contrasts. In the morning, a trip to the oldest neighbourhood, Alfama. Its little cobbled streets arecharming but it is also one of the poorest parts of the city. We will have lunch in the central Praça do Comércio and then take the metro to the modern Parque das Nações — the site of the Expo, which has some stunning architecture. In the evening, you are free to enjoy whatever part of the city you wish.SUNDAY 21st JuneA coach will take us out of the city to visit Sintra, summer residence of the kings of Portugal. Here, we will see the breathtaking Palácio Nacional and walk around Sintra’s beautiful woods and parks. On our way back, we will stop at Cascais, just half an hour from the capital. This is a real Portuguese beach resort, full of local people and crammed with restaurants, beach cafés and discos. After a relaxing dinner on the beach, the coach will take us back to the hotel. Our return flight leaves early on Monday morning.1 There is nothing organized on the Friday afternoon.2 On Saturday afternoon, you will visit an old part of the city.3 Cascais is popular with Portuguese people.4 You will spend Sunday evening outside Lisbon.5 You are going to return on Sunday night.Key: TFTTF4.From: U6L2 P85ChocoholicsEverybody loves chocolate. A cup of cocoa before going to bed or a Mars bar on the bus – the British are obsessed with it. The average Briton eats 10kg of chocolate a year. Women eat far more chocolate than men, an amazing 67% of total chocolate consumption. And the most popular snack is KitKat – fifty are eaten every second in the UK.Chocoholics are people with a chocolate obsession. But are they addicts? Not according to recent research. This shows that chocolate is not as addictive as coffee – in fact，there is no proof that chocolate creates addiction at all. And it’s a lot better for you than we thought. Some scientists say that it releases the same chemicals that your body produces when you are in love. Now that can’t be a bad thing!Some more good news –it doesn’t raise your cholesterol level or give you acne, as people believe, and it can even be good for your teeth! It does, however, contain caffeine and is bad if you get headaches. So the least sensible time to eat it is at night.The British lo ve chocolate but they are not as obsessed as the Swiss. The Swiss are officially the world’ greatest chocolate eaters – but then Swiss chocolate is the best!1Women buy less chocolate than men.2There is evidence that chocolate is addictive.3Chocolate contains caffeine.4You should avoid chocolate if you suffer from migraines.5The world’s greatest chocolate eaters are the British.Key: FFTTF5.From: U8L3 P121Found Safe and SoundThe monkey who escaped from Bristol Zoo last weekend was discovered by school children yesterday. Police say that the animal, who was found in a school playground, was fine but a little hungry. The zoo admitted that it needed to improve its security.Discovered…Naked and DrunkHollywood resident Helen Hicks was stopped by police early on Sunday morning after dancing around her neighbourhood with no clothes on. Hicks has drunk half a bottle of vodka after an argument with her rock guitarist boyfriend Johnny Hedges. A friend says that Ms Hicks was suffering depression.HospitalisedLion tamer Sergei Ivanov was seriously injured by his lion, Sheba, during last night’s performance of the Moscow Circus. Ivanov has worked in the circus for over 25 years. He was taken to Springfields General Hospital last night. Doctors say that he is lucky to be alive.Caught on CameraSuper-rich male model Justin Orlando’s love affair with British pop singer Ross Curtis was exposed this week. Thetwo men were photographed together in a London restaurant. Orlando, who has never tried to hide his sexuality, said that he was very happy with his new partner.1 The monkey was found by school children.2 The zoo said they were responsible for the monkey’s escape.3 Helen took her clothes off as a joke.4 Sergei hadn’t had much experience with animals.5 Justin wanted to hide his sexuality.Key: TTFFF6.From: U9L1 P132Digital NativesDavid is not very comfortable with new technology and he does not have many gadgets. Lucy loves new technology. She owns a games console, an MP3 player, and a mobile phone with a built-in digital camera. David is a teacher. Lucy is his student.Like Lucy, many children grow up using computers almost every day and often know more about technology than adults. Educator Marc Prensky calls children like Lucy “digital natives”. Digital natives can quickly learn how to use new gadgets and new software, while non-digital natives spend a lot of time reading manuals and worrying about computer viruses. In fact, many parents try to save time by asking their children to teach them how to use new technology!The divide between digital natives and non-digital natives can cause problems at school because students and teachers grow up with very different ideas about technology. Many teachers think that playing computer games is a waste of time and that technology has made children unable to concentrate. However, many students think their classes are slow and boring, and want to use computers to study.Prensky believes that digital natives have learned a lot from technology, but that they learn things in a different way. For example, reading a website is different from reading a book, so digital natives are good at finding the information they need and choosing what they want to read. So perhaps teachers need to change the way they teach and use more technology in class – because the number of digital natives will keep increasing!1 David is a digital native.2 Marc Prensky is interested in teaching with technology.3 Digital natives are comfortable using laptops and flash drives.4 Many teachers think computer games are only for having fun or killing time.5 People read books and websites in the same way.Key: FTTTF7.From: U10L2 P153SpanglishIn which city can you read signs like “Aparca your car aquí” or “Cuidado con los pickpockets”? Travelguide investigates.1.2 million Hispanics live in the Big Apple and one in five New Yorkers speaks Spanish at home. In the last ten years, the Hispanic population has grown by 400 000. This reflects the enormous increase in the Hispanic population in the States. There are now 42 million Hispanics resident in the USA, representing 15% of the total population.There is a new language, SPANGLISH – a strange mixture of Spanish and English – which is invading the city. The New York Times recently said that it had become the city’s third official language. Its use is colloquial and often limited to short sentences and signs. Many New Yorkers now wear socketines on their feet, drop something on the carpeta, shop for grocerias and have cornfley(“cornflakes”) for breakfast.Norma Rodríguez, a 45-year-old Cuban living in Washington Heights, says it forms a part of her life now: “Sometimes, you don’t realize that you’re mixing the two languages. You just hear them both all the time and find that you’re inventing new words.” Other people, however, are fighting against this new street language. Bu sinessman Juan Cortés sees it as a sign that the Spanish language is being destroyed. “It’s difficult, but I try not to speak it –it feels vulgar to me.”Meanwhile, a surprising number of academics have spoken in favour of Spanglish. JoséMaría Ruiz, from NY。

武汉大学英语期末考试作文

武汉大学英语期末考试作文第一篇：武汉大学英语期末考试作文中国的大学英语教育(college englishteaching in china)much has been discussed recently on english teaching at college, someone says that it is a total failure.to some extent , it is reasonable to say so, for after ten-year english learning, most graduates can't properly communicate with foreigners, nor can we translate between languages, let alone write in english.where are the problem?to begin with, englishteaching at college, to a great extent, teacher-centerde, turning a language class into an information class.it is still very common in the classroom that the teacher explains every language point in detail, while students take notes all the time.secondly, culture is neglected in english teaching because of poor text design.some redundant unrealistic materials and a great deal or grammar and structure exercises in the text lead to students memorizing a large vocabulary and a lot of english rules.few students know how , when and where to use them.finally, test-oriented education, in a sense, misleads and impedes college english teaching in china.for example, colegeenglish test band four or six is so overemphasized in some colleges that teachers teach to the test, sacrificing learning for the sake of test results, and students only learn to pass the examination.as a result ,students actual languagecompetence is weakened though the passing rate has increased.in conclusion, chinese english teaching is to be reformed.students should be centered on , cultureknowledge ,should be introduced in language teaching, and examination should be dealt with appropiately.第二篇：2017大学英语期末考试作文2017大学英语期末考试作文Until6Write a article about your classmates’ eating habits using the results of Activity 6 in Part Three.Your composition should include both their similarities and differences.Sample 1 Our Eating HabitThe survey shows that students usually spend little time eating.They eat three meals a day, with rice as their basic food(staple).Students from the North like pasta, for example, noodles, steamed bread, and dumplings.Most students like fresh fish, seafood and eggs.Most students eat their meals at the school cafeterias.They don’t cook at home, and some haven’t even tried cooking.Their parents or grandparents do the cooking in their families.What is unusual is the fact that many students don’t eat vegetables.They think fruit can provide all the necessary nutrients their bodies need.With some students, milk is gradually taking the place of water and other drinks.Besides, in many families, it is now the father who does most of the cooking.The role of the mother seems to have changed a lot 在第三部分写一篇关于你的同学饮食习惯的活动第6章的结果。

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武汉大学大一下英语期末复习试题1第一篇：武汉大学大一下英语期末复习试题1Driving through the deserted town we saw _____(很多)burn-out house.2 Take any job opportunity that ____(出现)。

3 Let us not____(想得太多)your past mistake.4 They walked away ____(手拉手）Private employment agencies may not ____you interests ___(对——深切关心)，6 Parents cant not always have the school __their __for their children.7____(相反),the lives of girls of well-to-do family were often very sheltered.8 I will __a piece of cake__(留着)for you.9 He ____（常会）lose his temper in difficult.10 Some pants_____(易于)a particular disease.11 Try to see the problem __new__(从—的观点)light 12The country is_____（受到—的控制）severe winter storms.13 He did not want to r____(竞选)President in that year 14 You could become a good musician but you lack of practice is___you __(阻碍).15 The boss is ___ good ___（处于—的心情）today.16 It is difficult to ___(了解---的情况)all the new ideas and developments in the education.17 We urge women to ___(急切地寻求)that help.18 Her boss ___ all the ___(接受荣誉)instead第二篇：中南大学期末英语对话口语考试,大一下Situation one A:Candy, have you found the umbrella doesn't work in Changsha? B:What's your point? A;You know , it's impossible to use such an umbrella to keep away from the downpour(倾盆大雨)in Changsha.B:Yes ,I agree with you ,and it seems never let up(停止).When you reach school through the rain,you get wet.A:To be honest, I really can't stand the climate in Changsha, it is so humid and hot in summer and too cold in winter.when rainy days,the clothes is always sticky,so there is a terrible smell on them.B:It is ture,I often miss the lovelysunshine,because I can hardly see the sun here.It's always cloudy and never clear up.A:I dislike the humid and cold rainy days,it make me unhappy and I often caught a cold because of that.B:You're really unlucky!I think you should put on more close to keep warm in winter,though they make you feel a little uncomfortable.Well,let's keep our fingers crossed that tomorrow will be a sunny day！Situation two A:Oh,Candy,have you ever finished your work? B:Yes, I just got them done ,so,I'm free now~!Whant can I do for you? A:Well,what about dining out?I know there is a restrant just opened yesterday.B:It is lunch timeB:That sounds great!Are you ready to order? A:I want to try the chef's special recommendations ——Sichuan style crispy whole fish ,home-sryle bean curd(家常豆腐)and egg drop soup(蛋花汤).As for dink, Bud Light(百威)is fine to me, what'll you have to drink ,Candy? B:I'd like a glass of Orange juice.And A:Okay,and It's my treat!B:I think we should sharing the expenses,We are friends,so we are equal,and I can pay for my part.A:Come on ,it's my Birthday,so let me pay for it.Situation three B: Candy,you looks pale,what happened? A:It's my sister, she finds a boyfriend recently.....I'm really worring about her.B:How old is your sister? A:She's 16.B:Well,I think she 's not a little girl any more,and she owns the ability to cope it.A:But I think she should spends her times on her study.The boy might take her attention away!B: So ,as her elder sister,you should give her some advice,and tell her what ture love is and how to love.And you know,in fact ,sometimes,loves make people active.A:Yes,it's time for me to have a talk with her.Thank you!B:No worries,things will be better~-----------------------------Doctor ：Hello,miss.Sit down,please.你好，小姐。

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武汉大学2016-2017学年度第一学期2017级《大学英语一级》期末试卷（A卷）2016年01月10日学号＿＿＿＿＿姓名＿＿＿＿＿院（系）＿＿＿＿＿考生注意事项：1．本次考试共计120分钟（08：30--10：30）2.09：00正式播放听力录音；3．在答题卡准考证号一栏添入自己的学号：4．准考证号一栏涂黑相应的阿拉伯数字（漏填或填错将影响卷面得分）；5．在试卷类型处涂黑A或B（机读卡的试卷类型在答题卡右上角，主观题答题卡试卷类型在答题卡上方。

两卡都要填写试卷类型，漏填或错填将影响卷面得分）；6．主观题部分（词汇、翻译、作文等）写在主观题答题卡上；7．考试结束时请将机读答题卡，主观答题纸和试题册一并交给监考人员（不交试题册者按零分处理）；8．请将姓名、学号等相关信息填入上栏（重修学生请在姓名后注明“重修”二字）。

9．考生联系方式审题人：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Part I Listening Comprehension(25%)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear eight short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause. you must read the four choices marked A). BL. C) and D).and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the centre.I.A) She mst walk five miks.B)She must walk five or six blocks.C)She must walk to the comer for three blocks.D)She must tour two bbcks.2.A)He will do anything to make the soup.B)He can't eat any soup.C)He prefers another job.D)He doesn't want any dinner.3.A)He ade an improper turmB)He went the wrong direction on a one-way street.C)He got a one-way plane ticket.D)He sbwed down at the wrong time.4.A) She i too shy to apply for the job.B)She is peiful.C)She is quabfied.D)She is inteligent.5.A) The bus has broken down and will not arrive.B)The bus was debiyed by the traffic jamC)The bus will probably arrive at 9:15.D)The bus will arive tonighu.but the man isn't sure.6.A) The report might be short.B)The report might be bngC)The report has been finished.D)The report mighu be easy.7.A)Go to her sister's home.B)Go to make the phone callC)Go to the dinner.D)Go to the concert.8.A)James never comes bate.B)James i always bte.C)James is not surprised.D)James hates to wai.Section BDirectlons:In this section,you will hear TWO shon passages. At the end of each passage. you will hear some questions. Borh the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the bes answer fom the four choices marked A). B).C) and D1.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the following passage:9.A)It helps the Estener to remember what has been sail.B) It interferes with listening comprehensionC)It has no effect on Estening comprehension.D) It helps the students with poor memory.10.A)50%B)80%C)90%D)100%11.A)They shoukd keep their notes as kong as possible.B)They should check ther notes wih other students.C)They should review their noles from time to time.D) They should never take notes when Estening.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following passage:12.A)They speak several bngunges.B)They offen travel by air for free.C)They needn't work lke a wairess.D)They eam money and see the world at the same time.13.A)They can speak several langunges.B)They can do the simple job in the routine manner.C)They must kam abou psychology.D)They must work Eke a nurse sometimes.14.A)She must be able to carry oul the necessary procedure wih calm and efficiency.B)She must be able to expbin the situation in several anguages.C)She mst take the advantage of the psychology and the murse.D)She must estirate the work of the pilot exactly.15.A)Because she does the routine job effciently.B)Because she ik a charming waitress.C)Because she is a well-trained essential menber of the crew.D)Because she is able to communicate wih the passengers in several bingunges.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear TWO passages. Each passage will be read TWICE. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the information you get from the reconding.（注意：本部分请直接把答案写在主观答题纸上。

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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。

如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。

㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。

(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。

如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。

对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。

二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。

2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。

㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。

2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。

三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。

2、矿区矿产资源概况。

3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。

㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。

2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。