常用的法律英语术语.

常用的法律英语术语
draft 法案，草案
Government bill 政府议案
to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案
to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准
law enforcement 法律的实施
to come into force 生效
decree 法令
clause 条款
minutes 备忘录
report 判例汇编
codification 法律汇编
legislation 立法
legislator 立法者
jurist 法学家
jurisprudence 法学
legitimation 合法化
legality, lawfulness 法制，合法
legal, lawful 合法的,依法的
to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的
offender 罪犯
to abolish 废止，取消
rescission, annulment 废除，取消
repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废
annulment 撤消(遗嘱)
repeal rescission 撤消(判决)
revocation 撤消
immunity 豁免，豁免权
disability, legal incapacity 无资格
nonretroactive character 不溯既往性
prescription 剥夺公权
attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收
constitutional law 宪法
canon law 教会法规
common law 习惯法
criminal law 刑法
administrative law 行政法
civil law 民法
commercial law, mercantile law 商法
law of nations 万国公法，国际法international law 国际法
natural law 自然法
labour laws 劳工法
fiscal law 财政法
Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法
Military Law 军法
Conscript Law 兵役法
Copyright Law 著作权法
penal code 刑法典
code of mercantile law 商法典
civil rights 民事权利，公民权利
right of asylum 避难权
human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税
death duty, death tax 遗产税
royalties 版税
ratification, confirmation 批准
law enforcement 法律的实施
to come into force 生效
decree 法令
clause 条款
minutes 备忘录
report 判例汇编
codification 法律汇编
legislation 立法
legislator 立法者
jurist 法学家
jurisprudence 法学
legitimation 合法化
legality, lawfulness 法制，合法
legal, lawful 合法的,依法的
to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的
offender 罪犯
to abolish 废止，取消
rescission, annulment 废除，取消
repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)
cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废
annulment 撤消(遗嘱)
repeal rescission 撤消(判决)
revocation 撤消
immunity 豁免，豁免权
disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权
attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法
canon law 教会法规
common law 习惯法
criminal law 刑法
administrative law 行政法
civil law 民法
commercial law, mercantile law 商法
law of nations 公法，国际法
international law 国际法
natural law 自然法
labour laws 劳工法
fiscal law 财政法
Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Criminal Law 刑事诉讼法
Military Law 军法
Conscript Law 兵役法
Copyright Law 著作权法
penal code 刑法典
code of mercantile law 商法典
civil rights 民事权利，公民权利
right of asylum 避难权
human rights, rights of man 人权
(customs) duties 关税
death duty, death tax 遗产税
royalties 版税
案件case
案件发回remand/rimit a case （to a low court）案件名称title of a case
案卷材料materials in the case
案情陈述书statement of case
案外人person other than involved in the case
案值total value involved in the case
败诉方losing party
办案人员personnel handling a case
保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case （to security authorities）
被告defendant; the accused
被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused
被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder
被害人victim
被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem
被上诉人respondent; the appellee
被申请人respondent
被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed
被执行人person subject to enforcement
本诉principal action
必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation
变通管辖jurisdiction by accord
辩护defense
辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer
辩护人defender
辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence
辩论阶段stage of court debate
驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim
驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion
驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement /ruling
驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit
驳回通知书notice of dismissal
驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution
驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case
补充答辩supplementary answer
补充判决supplementary judgement
补充侦查supplementary investigation
不公开审理trial in camera
不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing
不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest
不起诉nol pros
不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court
财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order; determination （指最终裁定）
裁定管辖jurisdiction by order
裁定书order; ruling
裁决书award
采信的证据admitted evidence
查封seal up
撤回上诉withdraw appeal
撤诉withdraw a lawsuit
撤销立案revoke a case placed on file
撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial
出示的证据exhibit
除权判决invalidating judgement （for negotiable instruments）
传唤summon; call
传闻证据hearsay
答辩answer; reply
答辩陈述书statement of defence
答辩状answer; reply
大法官associate justices; justice
大检察官deputy chief procurator
代理控告agency for accusation
代理申诉agency for appeal
代理审判员acting judge
代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving
弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure
当事人陈述statement of the parties
当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court
地区管辖territorial jurisdiction
地区检察分院inter-mediate People's Procuratorate
第三人third party
调查笔录record of investigation
定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date
定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence
冻结freeze
督促程序procedure of supervision and urge
独任庭sole-judge bench
独任仲裁员sole arbitrator
对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil acti on
对席判决judgement inter parties
二审trial of second instance
二审案件case of trial of second insurance
罚款impose a fine
法定证据statutory legal evidence
法定证据制度system of legal evidence
法官judges
法警bailiff; court police
法律文书legal instruments/papers
法律援助legal aid
法律咨询legal consulting
法庭辩论court debate
法庭调查court investigation
法庭审理笔录court record
法庭审理方式mode of court trial
法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal
法院court
法院公告court announcement
反诉counterclaim
反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim
反诉状counterclaim
犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect
附带民事诉讼案件a collateral civil action
附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action
复查reexamination; recheck
复验reinspect
高级法官senior judge
高级检察官senior procurator
高级人民法院Higher People's Court
告诉案件case of complaint
告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint
告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division
工读学校work-study school for delinquent children
公安部Ministry of Public Security
公安分局public security sub-bureau
公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions a nd cities under direct jurisdiction of central government
公开审理trial in public
公开审判制度open trial system
公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation
公诉案件public-prosecuting case
公诉词statement of public prosecution
公证机关public notary office
共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction
管辖jurisdiction
国际司法协助international judicial assistance
海事法院maritime court
合议庭collegial panel
合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench
和解composition; compromise
核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties
恢复执行resumption of execution
回避withdrawal
混合式诉讼mixed action
基层人民法院basic People's Court
羁押期限term in custody
级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels
监视居住living at home under surveillance
监狱prison
检察官procurator
检察权prosecutorial power
检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee
检察院procuratorate
检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate
简易程序summary procedure
鉴定结论expert conclusion
经济审判庭economic tribunal
径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings
拘传summon by force; summon by warrant
拘留所detention house
举报information/report of an offence
举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi
决定书decision
军事法院military procuratorate
开庭审理open a court session
开庭通知notice of court session
勘验笔录record of inquest
看守所detention house
可执行财产executable property
控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings
控诉证据incriminating evidence
控诉职能accusation function
扣押distrain on; attachment
扣押物distress/distraint
宽限期period of grace
劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration
劳改场reform-through-labor farm
劳教所reeducation-through-labor office
类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sente nce
累积证据cumulative evidence
立案报告place a case on file
立案管辖functional jurisdiction
立案决定书written decision of case-filing
立案侦查report of placing a case on file
利害关系人interested party
临时裁决书interim award
律师见证书lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's written authentication
律师事务所law office; law firm
律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer
免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty
民事案件civil case
民事审判庭civil tribunal
民事诉讼civil action
民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law
扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police
派出法庭detached tribunal
派出所police station
判决judgement; determination
判决书judgement; determination; verdict （指陪审团作出的）
旁证circumstantial evidence
陪审员juror
批准逮捕approval of arrest
破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case
破产bankruptcy; insolvency
普通程序general/ordinary procedure
普通管辖general jurisdiction
企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business co rporation
起诉filing of a lawsuit
起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings
起诉状indictment; information
区县检察院grassroots People's Procuratorate
取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving
缺席判决default judgement
人民调解委员会People's Mediation Committee
认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless 认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity
上诉appeal
上诉人appellant
上诉状petition for appeal
少管所juvenile prison
社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security
涉外案件cases involving foreign interests
涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings
涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings
申请人applicant; petitioner
申请书petition; application for arbitration
申请执行人execution applicant
申诉人宣誓书claimant's affidavit of authenticity
申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision
神示证据制度system of divinity evidence
神示制度ordeal system
审查案件case review
审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest
审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution
审理通知书notice of hearing
审判长presiding judge
审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction
审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision
审判委员会judicial committee
审判员judge
审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings
生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order
胜诉方winning party
省市自治区检察院higher People's Procuratorate
失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death
实（质）体证据substantial evidence
实物证据tangible evidence
实在证据real evidence
示意证据demonstrative evidence
视听证据audio-visual evidence
收容所collecting post; safe retreat
首席大法官chief justice
首席检察官chief procurator
受害人的近亲属victim's immediate family
受理acceptance
受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case
受送达人the addressee
书记员court clerk
书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules
书证documentary evidence
司法部Ministry of Justice
司法机关judicial organizatons
司法警察judicial police
司法局judicial bureau
司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and citie s under direct jurisdiction of central government
司法协助judicial assistance
死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve
死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence
死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence
送达service of process
送达传票service of summons/subpoena
送达诉状service of bill of complaint
搜查search
诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit
诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit
诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action
诉讼保全attachment
诉讼参加人litigious participants
诉讼代理人agent ad litem
诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim
特别程序special procedures
提起公诉institute a public prosecution
铁路法院railway court
铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate
庭审程序procedure of court trial
通缉wanted for arrest
投案appearance
退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation
委托辩护entrusted defense
未成年人法庭juvenile court
无行政职务的法官associate judge
无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause
无罪判决acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”
物证material evidence
先予执行申请书application for advanced execution
先予执行advanced execution
刑事案件criminal case
刑事拘留criminal detention
刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures
刑事审判庭criminal tribunal
刑事诉讼criminal proceedings
刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law
刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint
行政案件administrative case
行政审判庭administrative tribunal
行政诉讼administrative proceedings
行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law
宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death
宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement
选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters
询问证人inquire/question a witness
训诫reprimand
讯问笔录record of interrogation
询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect
言词证据verbal evidence
要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena
一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding
一审trial of first instance
一审案件case of trial of first instance
应诉通知书notice of respondence to action
有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”
予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial
原告plaintiff
院长court president
阅卷笔录record of file review （by lawyers）
再审案件case of retrial
再审申请书petition for retrial
责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance
债权人会议creditors' meeting
侦查阶段investigation stage
侦查终结conclusion of investigation
征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据evidence
证据保全preserve evidence
证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation
证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit
支付令payment order/warrant
知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal
执行程序procedure execution
执行逮捕execution of arrest
执行和解conciliation of execution
执行回转recovery of execution
执行庭executive tribunal
执行异议objection to execution
执行员executor
执行中止discontinuance of execution
执行终结conclusion of execution
指定辩护appointed defense
指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator
中级人民法院intermediate People's Court
中途退庭retreat during court session without permission
仲裁arbitration
仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant
仲裁裁决award
仲裁申请书arbitration
仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff
仲裁庭arbitration tribunal
仲裁委员会arbitration committee
仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration
仲裁员arbitrator
主诉检察官principal procurator
助理检察官assistant procurator
助理审判员assistant judge
专门法院special court
专门管辖specific jurisdiction
专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction
追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility
自首confession to justice
自诉案件private-prosecuting case
自行辩护self-defense
自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件self-investigating case
最高人民法院the Supreme People's Court
最高人民检察院the Supreme People's Procuratorate 最后裁决书final award
A
a law 法规,法例
argumentative question 争论性的问题
attempt 企图a
abate 降低,减少,排除
abduct 拐骗,诱拐
abortion 堕胎
abscond 潜逃,逃跑
absolve 宣告无罪
abstract 摘要
abuse (people) 虐待,辱骂
abuse (power) 滥用权利
abuse (office) 滥用职权
acceptance of bribes 受贿
accessory 从犯
accident 事故,意外
accomplice 共犯,帮凶
accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿
according to law 按照法律,依照法律,与法律一致
accusation 指控,控告
accused 被告
acquittal 宣告无罪
act of Congress 国会法案
act of God 不可抗力,天灾
adjudication 判决,裁定
admitted into evidence 接收为证据
admissible evidence 可接纳的证据admission 供认,招认
adoption 收养,领养,认养;采用,接纳
Adult Probation and Parole 成人缓刑与假释adultery 通奸
advisement of rights 权利告诫
advocate (n) 辩护人
advocate (v) 辩护;倡导
affiant 宣誓人,立誓词人
affidavit 宣誓书,经宣誓的书面陈述
affirm 确认,(上诉院)维持原判aggravated 加重的
aggravated circumstances 增加严重性的情节agreement 协议
aid and abet 协谋,教唆,帮凶
aiding escape 协助逃跑
aiding prostitution 协助卖淫
alias 别名,化名,假名
alibi 不在现场的证据
alien 外侨,侨民
alimony (付给前配偶的)赡养费
allegation 指称,指控
alleged thief 被指称为窃贼的人
allocution 认罪供词,自白供词
amnesty 大赦
ancillary 附属的
animal control officer 动物检疫人员animal cruelty 虐畜罪
anticompetitive practices 防止竞争措施antitrust act 反托拉斯法案,发信托案
appeal 上诉
appearance 出庭
appellate court 上诉法庭applicability 可适应性
appoint 指定,委派,委任
appraisal 估价
aquatic wildlife 野生水中动物,鱼类arbitration 仲裁,公断
argument 争辩,辩论
arm of the law 法律的权利
armed robbery 持械抢劫arraignment 提审,提讯,提堂,过堂arraignment hearing 提讯听证
arrest 逮捕,拘捕
arrest on suspicion 因有疑而被捕arrest warrant 逮捕证,通缉令arresting officer 执行逮捕的警员arsenal 弹药库,枪械库
arson 纵火罪
ascertain 确定,查明
aspersion 中伤,诽谤
assassin 刺客,暗杀凶手
assailant 攻击者
assault 攻击
assault and battery 殴打罪,伤害人身罪assess 估价,征收
assets 资产
asylum 庇护
atrocity 暴行
attempted crime 犯罪未遂
attempted murder 谋杀未遂
audit 稽查,查帐,审计,审核authenticate 鉴定,认证
auto burglary 偷汽车里的东西
auto theft 偷汽车
automobile homicide 车祸杀人autopsy 验尸,尸体剖检
avow 招认,承认
award (v) 判给
award (n) 裁定额
B
backup 后援,后备
badge (of a police officer) 徽章
bail 保释,保释金
bail bond 保释保证金,保金
bail bondsman 保释代理人
bail forfeiture 保释金没收
bail jumping 弃保潜逃,保释中逃跑,逃保Bail Reform Act 保释修正案
bailey 法庭
bailiff 法警,法庭执行官
ban 禁止,禁令,取缔
bandit 盗贼,土匪
banish 流放,驱逐
bar 律师业
bar association 律师协会
barricade 临时防御,障碍物
befouling water 污染水源
behavior 品性,行为
bench 法官席,法官
bench trail 法官(无陪审团)审讯
bench warrant 法庭传票
beyond reasonable doubt 理无置疑,无合理怀疑
bias 偏见
bicycle path 自行车/脚踏车/单车专用道
bid 投标,出价
bigamy 一夫多妻制;重婚罪
bill (in a legislature) 议案
bill of lading 提货单,提单
bill of particular 诉讼明细书
Bill of Rights 人权法案,基本权利法案
bind over 责令待审
binding 有约束力的,附有义务的
binding agreement 有约束力的协议
birthright 与生俱来的权利
black market 黑市
blackmail 勒索,敲诈,讹诈
blood alcohol 血液内的酒精含量
blood test 验血
bludgeon 杖刑
board certified (medical) 拥有(医学)公会认可的资格执照board examiner (medical) (医学)公会监考员
boating infractions 划船游乐方面的违规
body search 搜身
book verb 入案,落案
bookie /bookmaker 赌博(各种比赛)的经纪人bookmaking 外围下注
bound 受到约束的
bounty hunter 为领赏而追捕逃犯的人
brandish a weapon 挥动武器(来威胁)
breaking and entering 强行闯入
bribe 行贿,贿赂
brief 摘要书,辨诉状
bring to justice 移送法办,绳之以法
burden of proof 举证责任
burglary 盗窃,盗窃罪
business license 营业执照
bylaws 规章,规程
C
(credit for) time served 已服刑时间
campaign contribution 竞选捐献,竞选献金cannabis 大麻,大麻类毒品
capital punishment 死刑
carcass 动物尸体
carjacking 劫车
carpool lane 合用车专用道
carrying a concealed weapon 身携暗器,携带暗器case 案子,诉讼案件
case in chief 主案,控方的证据
case law 判例法,案例法
causation 因果关系,造事原因
causing catastrophe 造成大灾难
caveat 警告,中止诉讼的通知
cease and desist 停止,制止
census 人口普查,人口调查
certified 被证明的,有保证的
chain of custody 接受监管的次序
a. preemptory challenge 不述理由而要求陪审员退席
b. challenge for cause 有原因要求陪审员退席challenge (v) 反对,质问
change of venue 变更审判地点,转移管辖character evidence 人格证据,品德证据charges 指控,罪名
charge to the jury (法官)对陪审团的指导charitable organization 慈善机构,慈善组织charity drive 慈善活动
chattel 动产,有形财产
chief justice 首席法官
child endangerment 危害儿童
child labor law 童工法
child molestation 猥亵儿童
child welfare service 儿童福利服务choking 窒息
circuit court 巡回法庭
circumstantial evidence 间接证据,旁证citation 罚单,传票
civil code 民事法典
civil enforcement 执行民事法典
civil law 民法
civil liberty 公民自由
civil right 公民权利
claim (n) 要求权
claim (v) 声称,断言
claim (damages) 索赔
claim (lost or stolen property) 认领claimant 债权人,原告,索赔人clandestine 暗中的,秘密的
class action lawsuit 集体诉讼
classified (advertisement) 分类的classified (document) 保密的
clerk of the court 法庭书记
closing argument 终结陈述,终结辩论cocaine 古柯碱,可卡因,白粉
co-conspirator 共谋人,篡谋人
coercion 强迫,胁迫,挟制
cohabitation 同居
commercial drivers license 商业性驾驶执照commit a crime 犯下罪行
commitment hearing 拘禁听证
common law 判例法,习惯法,普通法common law marriage 普通法/习惯法上的婚姻community service 社区服务
community standards 共同道德标准compelling argument 有道理/有说服力的争辩competence 能力,权限
competent council 合格的律师
competent court 管辖法院,主管法院complaint 控诉,民事起诉
compulsory education 义务教育
compulsory process 强制到庭的程序computer crimes 用计算机(电脑)犯罪concealed firearm 夹带/夹藏的枪械concealed weapon 夹带/夹藏武器,暗器concurrent sentences 合并刑期,同时执行confession 认罪,供认,招认
confidentiality 保密性,机密性
confinement 监禁,拘留
confiscate 没收,充公
conflict of interest 利益冲突
confrontation of witness 证人对质
consecutive sentences 连续刑期
conspiracy 共谋,篡谋
conspiracy to commit a crime 篡谋犯罪
constable 警察
constitutional right 宪法权利
contempt of court 蔑视法庭
continuance/continuation (of the case) 诉讼延期,展延contract 契约,合同
contract law 合同法,契约法
contradict 反驳
contradict oneself 自相矛盾
contradiction 矛盾
convict noun 罪犯
convict verb 定罪
conviction 定罪,判罪
coroner 验尸官
correctional officer 狱警,监管警员
corroborate 证实
costs incurred 所引起的费用
counsel 律师
counseling 心理辅导
count 罪项
court 法庭,法院
court appointed attorney 法庭任命的律师
court interpreter 法庭翻译,法庭传译
court of appeals 上诉法院
court of last resort 终审法院
court of record 案件记录所在。