自考00600高级英语重点下册

第一课：The Company in Which I work
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Joseph Heller
2) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.Joseph Heller
b.drain
c.bypass
d.strain
e.distribute
f.grudge
g.incur
h.stimulate
i.motivate
j.budget
k.boost
3) 短语(Expressions)
e upon / on
b.credit sb. / sth. with sth.
c.in the long run
d.on trial
e.brood on / over sth.
f.look ahead
g.thrive on
h.convert… to / into …
i.fall victim (to sth.)
j.take advantage of sth. / sb.
4) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.occur, incur
b.ingenuous ,ingenious
c.implicit, explicit
pliment, complement
e.stimulate, simulate
f.wonder, brood
g.grudge, malice
h.cunning, shrewd
5) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by time
and success of energy and ambition.
b.They seem friendly, slow, and content when I come upon
them in the halls and always courteous and mute when they
ride with others in the public elevators.
c....and I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather
than take up his time and delay their delivery to people who
have an immediate need for them.
d.They are always on trial, always on the verge of failure,
collectively and individually.
e.They strain, even the most secure and self-assured of them,
to look good on paper; and there is much paper for them to look good on.
f.The result of this photocopying and distributing is that there
is almost continuous public scrutiny and discussion
throughout the company of how well or poorly the salesmen in each sales office of each division of the company are
doing at any given tune.
g.When they are doing poorly, they are doing terribly.
h.The company, in fact, will pay for their country club
membership and all charges they incur there, and rewards salesmen who make a good impression on the golf course.
i.In fact, I am continuously astonished by people in the
company who fall victim to their own propaganda.
j.Virtually, I am constantly astonished by people in the company who were fooled by their own exaggerated
statements.
k.Every time we launch a new advertising campaign, for example, people inside the company are the first ones to be
taken in by it.
l.These exercises in malice never fail to boost my spirits ——but only for a white.
2、考核知识点
本课文章中作者通过描写公司里人人自危、相互惧怕的心态，讽刺了大公司对人性的摧残，讽刺了为争名夺利而牺牲了人的尊严的
可悲。

学生要掌握课文中出现的重点词汇的用法、语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本课文章中的长难句，并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、句法结构写作有关大公司里人的行为和心态的
文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：第三页第2、3段，第五页第3段，第6页最后1段
2) 重点词语：bypass、distribution、monotony、motivate
3) 重点短语：in the long run:最终，终究, 从长远来看、regardless of :
不顾、take advantage of:利用
4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关的句子；独立撰写150-200字的有关大公司里人的行为和心态的文章第二课：Eveline
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
James Joyce
2) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.James Joyce
b.dust
c.weary
d.provision
e.lodge
f.tumble
g.impulse
h.passage
i.fervent
3) 短语(Expressions)
a.pass on to sth.
b.say of
c.go for
d.have / get an / the edge on
e.send up
f.elbow one's way through / to
g.see that / see to (it) that
h.be about sth.
y up
j.run out
k.out of sth
l.draw back
4) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.Invariable, unchangeable
b.unaccustomed, undesirable
c.squabble, debate
d.pitiful, sympathetic
e.anguish, melancholy
f.stumbled, tumbled
g.unspeakable, pitiful
h.spell, appeal
5) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.She sat at the window watching the evening invade the
avenue. Her head was leaned against the window curtains,
and in her nostrils was the odor of dusty cretonne.
b.Her father used often to hunt them in out of the field with
his blackthorn stick;
c.She tried to weigh each side of the question.
d.She would not cry many tears at leaving the Stores.
e.Besides, the invariable squabble for money on Saturday
nights had begun to weary her unspeakably.
f.He had started as a deck boy at a pound a month on a ship of
the Allan Line going out to Canada
g.A
2、考核知识点
本课文章描述了主人公伊芙林无可奈何、无能为力的麻木生活，
蕴藏了作者对都柏林生活的强烈不满和抨击。

学生要掌握课文中出现
的重点词汇的用法、语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本课文章
中的长难句，并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、句法结
构写作有关人物行为、生活的文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：3
2) 重点词语：anguish、fervent、tumble
3) 重点短语：be laid up:病倒在床、go for sb.袭击某人、have an edge on:
为了……，看在……的份上较占优势，胜过、for sb’s sake:
4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关的句子；独立撰写150-200字的有关人物行为、生活的文章。

第三课：What’s wrong with Our Press?
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Marya Mamies
2) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.Marya Mamies
b.conflict
c.allot
d.available
e.color
f.predominant
g.virtue
h.coverage
i.document
j.bolster
k.stuff
l.justify
m.feature
n.elevate
o.prevail
p.degrade
q.cheapen
r.entrust
3) 短语(Expressions)
a.…it is the other way around
b.speak of
c.pass for
d.get over with
e.confine …to …
f.get into sth.
g.take precedence over
h.by and large
i.have one's say
j.knock sb. down
k.cater to sth.
l.in the light of: in
m.at random
n.appeal to
o.derive …from…
4) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.advantage, strength
b.meet, encounter
c.on the whole, as a whole
d.confine, limit to
e.coverage, reporting
f.justifiable, justified
g.attract, appeal
h.function, work
5) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.It is still the only effective screen against the morning
features of the loved one, and as such, performs a unique
human service.
b.When Mr. Roper asked his guinea pigs …, the newspapers
topped the list.
c.…. which serve the world as models of responsible public
information,
d.Well, let's get the partisan bit over with.
e.hat balanced and independent opinion is our only security as
a nation.
f.It can only stuff.
g.No picture can ever be an adequate substitute.
h.The word will prevail; that is, if you, who are its guardians,
treat it with the respect it deserves.
2、考核知识点
本课文章指出了美国报纸所存在的问题，作者呼吁改善报纸，使它发挥应有的传媒作用。

学生要掌握课文中出现的重点词汇的用法、
语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本课文章中的长难句，并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、句法结构写作有关报纸和电
视等新闻媒体描述的文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：课本第38页倒数第2段，第39 页倒数第3段
2) 重点词语：balanced、cheapen、trust、justified、opposing
3) 重点短语：cater to: 迎合，投合、in vain: 徒劳、by and large:大
体而言，一般而论、confine…to…：将……限制在一定范围内、take precedence over: 优于，高于
4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相
关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关的句子；独立撰写150-200字的有关报纸和电视等新闻媒体描述的文章。

第四课：The Tragedy of Old Age in America
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Medicare and Medicaid
2) 课文要义（Main idea of the text）
Old age is neither necessarily miserable nor great by nature. Like every other stage of life, it has problems, fears and potentials. But the genuine tragedy of the old age in America lies in the fact that a society has been shaped which is extremely harsh to live in when one is old.
They are not welcome to the job training programs which provide opportunities to learn new skills. Instead, they are arbitrarily fired, forced to retire or resign. The old people are frequently cheated and attacked both in the streets and in their houses due to their hearing and visual difficulties. They are yelled at by bus drivers
for their slowness in getting on and off the buses. They are not well received or adequately treated by medical professionals.
Old women lead a more miserable life than old men. And at the bottom of the harsh society remain the old people of American Indians, African and Asian Americans.
3) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.propel
b.confrontation
c.lull
d.eradicate
e.discrepant
f.stereotype
g.sublime
h.imminence
i.clarify
j.adapt
k.conserve
l.sustain
m.fulfill
n.arbitrary
o.impair
4) 短语(Expressions)
a.in (all) truth
e to terms with
c.sum up
d.contingent on / upon
e.pay off
f.base …on …
g.adjust to
h.end up
5) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.inherent, natural
b.interrelate, interconnect
c.one-time, once
d.base, establish
e.difficulty, adversity
f.false, fraudulent
g.untreatable, incurable
h.preserve, conserve
6) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.Americans find it difficult to think about old age until they are
propelled into the midst of it by their own aging …
b.Death is a dramatic one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day
and year-by-year
c.Those of us who are not old barricade ourselves from discussions
of old age by declaring the subject morbid, boring or in poor state d.But this is not the full story. A second theme runs through the
popular view of old age.
e.Much that is unique in old age in fact derives from the reality of
aging and the imminence of death.
f.There is a lifetime accumulation of personality and experience
which is available to be used and enjoyed.
g.Old women fare worse than old men.
h.Our popular attitudes could be summed up as a combination of
wishful thinking and terror.
i.The potential for satisfactions and even triumphs in late life are
real and vastly underexplored.
2、考核知识点
本课文章描述了在美国老年人的境遇。

学生要掌握课文中出现的重点词汇的用法、语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本课文章中的长难句，并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、句法结构
写作有关老年人生活状况的文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：1、5、9、10
2) 重点词语：conserve、eradicate、impair、lull、scant
3) 重点短语：come to terms with: 与……达成协议，向……妥协、
base…on..以……为基础、be contingent on/upon 视……而定的、adjust to:使适应make way for:为……让路
4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关
的句子；独立撰写150-200字的有关老年人生活状况文章。

第五课：Trifles (Part One)
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Susan Glaspell
2) 课文要义（Main idea of the text）
A farmer—— John Wright was strangled while he was sleeping, but his wife didn't report to the police. Their neighbor —— Mr. Hale, another farmer, found Mr. Wright was lying dead the second morning. The police took away Mrs. Wright. In the following day the county attorney ——Henderson, sheriff —— Peters came back to Wrights' house with Mr. Hale to investigate the signal of anyone coming to the house and the
criminal motive of Mrs. Wright. Meanwhile, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters
came to the house, while men were busy doing what they thought
important, but had gained nothing, the two women found the truth of the
murder from the trifles which the men looked down upon.
Just when the men who regarded themselves as infallible were
investigating criminal clue and motives, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters found
some clues from the unfinished quilt in Mrs. Wright’s sewing basket, then they found wrung bird — cage and neck — wrenched canary body.
These were all done by Mr. Wright! It was he who locked her wife's mind!
From the "trifles" they realized the truth. Because of their sympathy for
Mrs. Wright they decided to cover her motive to kill her husband, which
the men were busy with. The women, who the men considered garrulous,
just used the trifles to destroy the men's authorities.
3) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.abandoned
b.notify
c.strangle
d.convince
e.mess
f.gallantry
g.unbend
h.snoop
4) 短语(Expressions)
a.bundle up
b.make a
c.difference
d.back and forth
e.point to
f.have one's hands full
g.keep an eye out for
h.meant to
i.fix on
j.keep sth. to oneself 5) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.pleat, wrinkle
b.snoop, check
c.shabby, cheap
d.care for, mind
e.unconcerned, unbent
f.keep an eye for / on, look at
g.keep from, keep to
h.no use, no need
6) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.I asked her, out of patience
b.She just nodded her head, not getting a bit excited, but rocking
back not forth.
c.He died of a rope round his neck.
d.He said it businesslik
e.
e.Here’s a nice mess.
f.With the gallantry of a young politician.
g.I want to get the lay of things upstairs now.
h.My, it's cold in there.
2、考核知识点
本课剧本中中作者通过细小的情节反映了二十世界初美国女性
的生存状况和她们对男权控制的反抗。

学生要掌握课文中出现的重点
词汇的用法、语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本课文章中的长
难句，并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、句法结构写作
有关女性生存状况文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：课本第70页最后1段
2) 重点词语：unconcerned、snoop、strangle、unbend
3) 重点短语：make a difference:有关系，有影响，起……作用、have
one’s hands full: 忙于、keep an eye on:注意，留神、keep to oneself: 不与别人交往
4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相
关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关的句子；独立撰写150-200字的有关女性生存状况文章。

第六课：Trifles (Part Two)
1、章节知识点
1) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.sarcastic
b.piece
c.abash
d.smooth
e.reproach
f.somehow
g.peer
h.choke
i.snatch
2) 短语(Expressions)
a.rig up
e back to
c.turn against
d.take up
e.wrap up
f.pull …
g.keep one's word
h.stir up
i.under one's breath
3) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.hold back, old forth
b.ignorant, superstitious
c.remember, have on one’s mind
d.pleasant, pleasantry
e.falter, waver
f.nervous, fidgety
g.cover, covert
h.abash, blush
4) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.Mr. Henderson is awful sarcastic in a speech and he'll make fun of
her saying she didn't wake up.
b.Mr. Henderson said coming out that what was needed for the case
was a motive.
c.Frank's fire didn't do much up there, …
d.All the rest of it has been so nice and even.
e.They may be through sooner than we think.
2、考核知识点
本课的剧本中描述了被男人们认为只注意婆婆妈妈的琐碎小事
的女人正是用“琐事”颠覆了男人的权威。

学生要掌握课文中出现的
重点词汇的用法、语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本课文章中
的长难句，并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、句法结构
写作有关总结本文戏剧剧情的文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：课本第93页最后1段
2) 重点词语：abash、comprehension、covert、falter、fidget
3) 重点短语：turn against: 反对，采取敌对态度、can not help doing.
禁不住、hold back: 阻碍，阻止、peer into: 凝视，盯着看
4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关的句子；独立撰写150-200字的有关总结本文戏剧剧情的文章。

第七课：Miss Brill
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Katherin Mansfield
2) 课文要义（Main idea of the text）
Miss Brill was British who lived in France. She made living on teaching children English and taking care of an old man. To drive away the feeling of loneliness, she went to garden every Sunday afternoon. There she sat on a seat listening to the conversations of others or
observing the people around her. A particular Sunday afternoon, she had a strange feeling. She became an actress and played a part in the play around her. She imagined that others all paid attention to her, even the old gentleman she took care of. She was intoxicated in it. But just at that time, a pair of youth couldn't show love to each other only because of her. Then they talked about her scornfully. She heard that and wanted back to the realization that she was so disgusting. She put away the fur she always put on and tasted her broken heart herself.
3) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.splash
b.drift
c.stroke
d.clasp
e.swoop
f.scrape
g.rescue
h.droop
i.invalid
pany
4) 短语(Expressions)
a.decide on
b.snap at
c.out of season
d.be no (not, much, some, any) good
e.dress up
f.make a point of doing sth
g.look on
h.go off
i.off with sb
j.make a difference
k.pass by
5) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.get used to, used to
b.pour, splash
c.wave, flap
d.drift, swoop
e.rescue, save
f.rub, stroke
g.scrub, scrape
h.make a point, make a plan
6) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.…rubbed the life back into the dim little eyes
b.She felt a tingling in her hands and arms, but that came from
walking
c.And when she breathed … something gentle seemed to
move in her bosom.
d.…they’d be sure to break and they’d never keep on.
e.And sometimes a tiny stagger came suddenly rocking into
the open from under the trees…
f.…such a funny old man with long whiskers hobbled along
in time to the music…
g.Who could believe the sky at the back wasn’t painted?
h.Why doesn’t she keep her silly old mug at home?
2、考核知识点
本课文章通过对布里尔小姐的描述反映了社会的冷酷和个人希
望在人类群体中获得生命的价值的理想。

学生要掌握课文中出现的重
点词汇的用法、语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本课文章中的
长难句，并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、句法结构写
作有关人物描述的文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：1、8、9
2) 重点词语：accompaniment、clasp、drop、invalid、rescue
3) 重点短语：decide on：考虑后决定、fix to：固定、make a point of sth.：
认为有必要或重要、Look forward to：期望……
4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使
用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相
关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关
的句子；独立撰写150-200字的有关人物描述文章。

第八课：A Lesson in Living
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Maya Angelou
2) 课文要义（Main idea of the text）
The lesson Mrs. Flowers teaches Marguerite is beneficial and
far-reaching to Marguerite. Mrs. Flowers singles her out for attention, makes cookies for her and then reads novels to her. From Mrs. Flowers, she also learns the mystery of language; she learns the value of life and good manners in life. Thus, skillfully and gently Mrs. Flowers guided her out of a dead alley into a world of knowledge and enlightenment.
This is a story of a Negro girl, which reveals to us such an important fact: the blacks have been aware of their own genius, wit and power.
3) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.ruffle
b.incessant
c.infuse
d.cascade
e.boggle
f.abuse
g.enchant
h.shield
4) 短语(Expressions)
a.let alone
b.appeal to
c.hang back
d.bear …in mind
e.set down
f.occur to sb
g.single out
h.exchange A for B
i.do sb / sth good
j.take to sb / sth
k.trail off
5) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.remember, memorize
b.intolerable, intolerant
c.infuse, fill
mon, ordinary
e.familiar, intimate
f.happen, occur
g.respectable, respectful
h.divide, separate
6) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.She had the grace of control to appear warm in the coldest weather,
and on the Arkansas summer days it seemed she had a private
breeze which swirled around, cooling her.
b.Her skin was a rich black that would have peeled like a plum if
snagged…
c.…and has remained through my life the measure of what a human
being can be.
d.It takes the human voice to infuse them with the shades of deeper
meaning.
e.That in those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom
of generations.
f.I’ll accept no excuse if you return a book to me that has been
badly handled.
g.It was the least I could do, but it was the most also.
h.That do my heart good to see settled people take to you all.
2、考核知识点
本课文章叙述的是一个黑人女孩的故事，反映了黑人认识到了自
己的天才、智慧和力量，采用自述体，富有人情味。

学生要掌握课文
中出现的重点词汇的用法、语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本
课文章中的长难句，并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、
句法结构写作个人自述性文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：课本第109页2、3、6段，第111页4段，第112
页倒数第3段
2) 重点词语：couch、infuse、memorize、ruffle、sop、sophistication
3) 重点短语：let alone：更不必说、appeal to：引起兴趣，吸引、have
trouble (in) doing sth.：做某事有困难、single out：挑选，选择
4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关的句子；独立撰写150-200字的个人自述体文章。

第九课：I’ll Never Escape the Ghetto
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Watts
2) 课文要义（Main idea of the text）
This is an autobiography written by Stanley Sanders, which tells us a story about a Negro who decided to contribute all his life to all the Negroes both in Watts and in all the America.
3) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.qualify
b.retract
c.underscore
d.intrigue
e.influx
f.parallel
port
h.enroll
i.spout
j.vulnerable
4) 短语(Expressions)
a.in droves
b.identical to
c.in the throes of
d.reflect on
e.never the
5) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.drove, group,
b.warlike, militant
c.customary, habitual
d.prove, qualify
e.demonstrate, manifest
f.follow, obey
g.think of, reflect on
h.regrettable, regretful
6) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.By ordinary standards these are credentials enough to qualify one
as coming from Watts.
b.There are no retractions or future deliverances.
c.The Watts-as-a-way-station mentality has a firm hold on both
those who remain and those who leave.
d.Negroes, inside it or out, and whites too, behave toward the
notion.
e.It was not long after leaving that my early ambitions began to
wear thin.
f."South Los Angeles", geographically identical to Watts, carried
none of the latter's stigma.
g.It shattered the notion that my individual progress could be hailed
as an advance for all Negroes.
h. A new, rough wisdom of the street corner was emerging.
2、考核知识点
本课文章是一篇自传性文章，讲述一个黑人作者决心献身于家乡
和全美黑人的共同利益。

学生要掌握课文中出现的重点词汇的用法、
语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本课文章中的长难句，并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、句法结构写作有关美国黑人
种族文化文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：1、2、3、5
2) 重点词语：influx、indifference、irreversible、simplify、traumatic
3) 重点短语：be identical to: 同样的，完全相同的、interfere with:妨
害，干扰、reflect on:考虑，思考、comport with:适合，相称，一致4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相
关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关
的句子；独立撰写150-200字的有关美国黑人种族文化文章。

第十课：How Market Leaders Keep Their Edge
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Markets
2) 课文要义（Main idea of the text）
How market leaders keep their edge in the more and more severely competitive market? The author observed that every company must have its excellent operation according to its different value discipline. He
identified three distinct ones and gave the readers some examples for
further explanation. The first value discipline companies pursue is to win
through lower price and convenient ways of shopping. The second
discipline companies pursue is to win by continuing innovating year after
year and providing latest products with high quality. The third one that
companies pursue is to win through building bonds with customers’　intimacy and pitching specific customers with specialized services the
best customer support.
3) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.stake
b.reside
c.execute
d.deliberate
e.sprinkle
f.optimize
g.render
h.engender
i.extract
j.parity
k.dabble
4) 短语(Expressions)
a.with a vengeance
b.no sooner
c.make a business of
d.pay off
e.attribute…to…
f.pin sth. on sb.
5) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.modern, sophisticated
b.on guard, off guard
c.differentiate, differ
d.minimum, optimum
e.excel, surpass
f.adapt, adept
6) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.It must instead find the unique value that it alone can deliver to a
chosen market.
b.We have the best solution for you, and we provide all the support
you need to achieve optimum, results, or value, or both, from
whatever products you buy.
c.But as a customer, you don't have. to spend much time
deliberating over what brand of coffee or home appliance to select
d.The company's information systems track product movement ——
and move it does.
panies pursuing product leadership continually push products
into the realm of the unknown, the untried, or the highly desirable.
f.If any one is going to render their technology obsolete, they prefer
to do it themselves.
g.They've kept up with rising parity levels to stay in the game.
2、考核知识点
本课文章讲述了在日趋激烈的市场竞争中，公司优胜劣汰现象和
原因。

学生要掌握课文中出现的重点词汇的用法、语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本课文章中的长难句，并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、句法结构写作有关市场竞争的评论文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：1、2，第163页第1段
2) 重点词语：contingency、deliberate、obsolete、optimize、reside
3) 重点短语：attribute……to……：把……归因于……、make a business
of:把……看得很重，特别注意、be off guard;未戒备、fit in with:适合，配合、with a vengeance:极度地，猛烈地
4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相
关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关
的句子；独立撰写150-200字的有关市场竞争的评论文章。

第十一课：On Human Nature and Politics
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Bertrand Russell
2) 课文要义（Main idea of the text）
The author of this article analyzes the four desires for political activities which he labels acquisitiveness, rivalry, vanity and love of power. He says that though acquisitiveness is the mainspring of the capitalist system, rivalry is a much stronger motive. Vanity is a motive of immense potency. Power, like vanity, is insatiable. Nothing short of omnipotence could satisfy it completely. Whether you will be led by this motive to actions which are useful, or to actions which are pernicious, depends upon the social system, and upon your capacities. The writer also comes to some other considerably important motives, one of which is the love of excitement. Human beings show their superiority to the brutes by their capacity for boredom. Civilized life has grown so tame that people begin to be interested in the love of excitement to escape from boredom. What is serious about excitement is that so many of its forms are destructive. We must provide harmless outlets for these impulses. With
an easy and fluent style, the author discloses the dark side of human nature and politics and gives both a merciless blow in his writings.
3) 词汇(Vocabulary)
a.elude
b.spring
c.exaggerate
d.impiety
e.outweigh
f.actuate
g.strenuous
h.outlet
i.contemplate
j.condemn
4) 短语(Expressions)
a.so to speak
b.on that account
c.repent of
d.range…from…to
e.be apt to
f.inflict to
g.adapt to
5) 词语辨析(Word analysis)
a.hostility, ivalry
b.keep, hoard
c.repent, regret
d.poverty, impoverishment
e.tiresome, tiring
f.obtain, derive
g.victorious, triumphant
6) 难句理解（Sentence comprehension）
a.… Greek slaves supplied them with exquisite viands at the
slightest nod.
b.However much you may acquire you will always wish to acquire
more; satiety is a dream which will always elude you.
c.It can take innumerable forms, from buffoonery to the pursuit of
posthumous fame.
d.One of the troubles about vanity is that it grows with what it feeds
on.
e.Mankind have even committed the impiety of attributing similar
desires to the deity, who they imagine avid for continual praise.
f.Nothing short of omnipotence could satisfy it completely.
g.…the man who is actuated by love of power is more apt to in f lict
pain than to permit pleasure.
h.But modem life cannot be conducted on these physically
strenuous principles.
i.I found myself unable to be in entire agreement with the grave
men who utter these warnings.
2、考核知识点
本课文章中作者阐述了人从事政治活动源于四个动机，对人性和政治的阴暗面进行了无情的抨击。

学生要掌握课文中出现的重点词汇
的用法、语境及同义词的辨析，能够用英文解释本课文章中的长难句，
并能够给出恰当的中文翻译。

综合相关的词汇、句法结构写作有关人性分析文章。

3、重点及难点
1) 课文重点段落：课本P189页倒数第2段
2) 重点词语：actuate、advocate、deceive、elude、repent、suffice
3) 重点短语：be apt to:趋向、On account of:因为、inflict on/upon/to:强加……于……、adapt to:适应、be appropriate to:适合于……的，与……一致的
4、考核要求
深入理解文章内容并能用英文回答有关课文内容的问题；学会使用文章中出现重点词汇，并能掌握相关的词义辨析，了解其使用的相关语境；能够将课文中的长难句翻译成汉语，并能够用英语解释相关的句子；独立撰写150-200字的有关人性分析文章。

第十二课：The Everlasting Witness
1、章节知识点
1) 背景知识（Background knowledge）
Vietnam War
2) 课文要义（Main idea of the text）。