北邮vhdl自动售货机实验报告(含代码)

《自动售货机》实验报告
一．设计课程的任务要求
基本要求：
1.用2个数码管（disp5，disp4）显示钱数，以元为单位。

用3个按键（btn0，
btn1，btn2）分别表示一元、五元、十元，每按一次按键，增加一次相应的
钱数，上限99元。

2.再用3个按键（btn3，btn4，btn5）分别对应3种商品，其中，商品甲售价
3元、商品乙售价8元、商品丙售价12元；
3.买东西时，先输入钱币，再按对应的商品键。

每按一次商品键，钱数要相应
地减少，同时有声光（蜂鸣器或发光二极管）提示购买成功。

剩余钱数大于
3元可继续按商品键再次购买；当剩余钱数少于3元时，表示钱数的数码管
disp5，disp4显示为零，同时用数码管disp0显示退出的钱数。

4.买东西时，按下商品键，若输入的钱数少于商品的价格，表示钱数的数码管
disp5，disp4显示为零，同时用数码管（disp1、disp0）显示退出的钱数，
并用蜂鸣器或发光二极管闪烁表示购买失败。

5.按下商品键时，用数码管disp2表示当前购买的商品，1代表商品甲，2代
表商品乙，3代表商品丙。

6.用btn7做为退出功能键，退出键可以随时按下，按下后，数码管（disp5，
disp4）显示为零，同时数码管（disp1、disp0）显示退出的钱数，表示结
束购买，钱款全部退出。

提高要求：
7.用点阵设计显示投币动画、出货动画，购买成功/失败动画；
8.允许随时输入钱币，购买时，钱款不足有声光报警并等待追加钱币或选择别
的商品；
9.商品数量管理，有缺货提示；
10.用点阵动态显示商品名称和库存数量等。

自拟其它功能
二．系统设计（包括设计思路、总体框图、分块设计）
1.设计思路：
本实验为设计一个自动售货机。

由于本实验题目逻辑不太复杂，所以有两种设计思路可以选择。

第一种是用顺序结构和if when逻辑判断来实现。

第二种是用状态机来实现。

我选择的使用第一种。

总体来说可以将其分为两个大块。

第一个是接受键盘命令并通过逻辑判断向LED灯和数码管发出命令。

第二个是显示模块，通过接收命令控制灯亮与数码管显示。

2.总体框图：
结构框图：
逻辑划分框图：
ASM图：
MDS图：
分块设计：
防抖：本程序防抖功能采取延时防抖，即在按键按下后若持续时间超过一定时长才计数。

计价器：计价器分为十位和个位分别计数，由两个信号控制。

加减时根据补码计算的思想，先判断十位是否进位或退位，若有则对各位进行反向计算，若没有则直接修改个位。

充值模块：此模块与计价器加法思想一样。

并设有99的最高限。

消费模块：此模块与计价器减法一样。

在做减法前先判断是否减钱后余额大于零。

显示模块：此模块分为两步。

第一步由充值消费后的价钱通过信号赋给显示输出管脚。

第二步为通过循环用cat控制数码管关与开。

三.仿真波形及波形分析
由于程序加入了大量防抖与分频器，所以无法直接进行仿真。

以下仿真为拆除了防抖、分频，并且将钱数两位分别输出观察结果。

Money11为十位，money00为个位。

1.充值1元仿真：
当bn0按下后，十位不变，个位加一。

2.充值五元仿真
当bn1按下后，十位不变，个位加五。

3.充值十元仿真
当bn2按下后，个位不变，十位加一。

4.充值超过99仿真
充值超过九十九时，个位十位均不变保持九十九。

5.消费三元仿真
总钱数为十元时，当bn3按下后，十位减一，个位加七。

6.消费八元仿真
总钱数为十元，当bn4按下后，十位减一，个位加二。

7.消费十二元仿真
总钱数为二十元，当bn5按下后，十位减2，个位加8。

8.消费超出总额仿真
当消费超过总额时，钱数全部置零。

四.源程序
LIBRARY IEEE;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
useieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
ENTITY cxz IS
PORT(bn0,bn1,bn2,bn3,bn4,bn5,bn7:IN STD_LOGIC;
clk_50M,reset:IN STD_LOGIC;
DOUT7: OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(6 DOWNTO 0);
CatL: OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(5 DOWNTO 0);
led1,led2,led3,led4:OUT STD_LOGIC
);
END cxz;
ARCHITECTURE behave OF cxz IS
SIGNAL disp0,disp1,disp2,disp4,disp5:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(6 DOWNTO 0); SIGNAL btn0,btn1,btn2,btn3,btn4,btn5,btn7 :STD_LOGIC:='0';
SIGNAL clk_1,clk_1k:STD_LOGIC;
SIGNAL Q:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 downto 0);
SIGNAL temp1:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 499;
SIGNAL temp:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 24999;
SIGNAL money0,money1:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(3 downto 0):="0000";
SIGNAL count_BTN0:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 20;
SIGNAL count_BTN1:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 20;
SIGNAL count_BTN2:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 20;
SIGNAL count_BTN3:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 20;
SIGNAL count_BTN4:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 20;
SIGNAL count_BTN5:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 20;
SIGNAL count_BTN7:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 20;
BEGIN
p1:PROCESS(clk_50M,reset)---------------------------------分频模块
BEGIN
IF reset='0' THEN
temp<=0;
ELSIF clk_50M'event AND clk_50M='1' THEN
IF temp=24999 THEN
temp<=0;clk_1k<=NOT clk_1k;
ELSE
temp<=temp+1;
END IF;
END IF;
END PROCESS p1;------------------------------------------分频结束
p2:PROCESS(clk_1k,bn0)-------------------------------------------------按键防抖模块开始BEGIN
IF(clk_1k'event AND clk_1k = '1') THEN
IF(bn0 = '1') THEN
IF count_BTN0 = 20 THEN
count_BTN0 <= count_BTN0;
ELSE
count_BTN0 <= count_BTN0+ 1;
END IF;
IF count_BTN0= 19 THEN
btn0<= '1';
ELSE
btn0<= '0';
END IF;
ELSE
count_BTN0<= 0;------------------------输出变量启动判断进程END IF;
ELSE
END IF;
END PROCESS p2;
p3:PROCESS(clk_1k,bn1)
BEGIN
IF(clk_1k'event AND clk_1k = '1') THEN
IF(bn1= '1') THEN
IF count_BTN1 = 20 THEN
count_BTN1 <= count_BTN1;
ELSE
count_BTN1 <= count_BTN1+ 1;
END IF;
IF count_BTN1= 19 THEN
btn1<= '1';
ELSE
btn1<= '0';
END IF;
ELSE
count_BTN1<= 0;
END IF;
ELSE
END IF;
END PROCESS p3;
p4:PROCESS(clk_1k,bn2)
BEGIN
IF(clk_1k'event AND clk_1k = '1') THEN
IF(bn2= '1') THEN
IF count_BTN2= 20 THEN
count_BTN2 <= count_BTN2;
ELSE
count_BTN2 <= count_BTN2 + 1;
END IF;
IF count_BTN2= 19 THEN
btn2<= '1';
ELSE
btn2<= '0';
END IF;
ELSE
count_BTN2<= 0;
END IF;
ELSE
END IF;
END PROCESS p4;
p5:PROCESS(clk_1k,bn3)
BEGIN
IF(clk_1k'event AND clk_1k = '1') THEN
IF(bn3 = '1') THEN
IF count_BTN3= 20 THEN
count_BTN3 <= count_BTN3;
ELSE
count_BTN3 <= count_BTN3 + 1;
END IF;
IF count_BTN3= 19 THEN
btn3<= '1';
ELSE
btn3<= '0';
END IF;
ELSE
count_BTN3<= 0;
END IF;
ELSE
END IF;
END PROCESS p5;
p6:PROCESS(clk_1k,bn4)
BEGIN
IF(clk_1k'event AND clk_1k = '1') THEN
IF(bn4 = '1') THEN
IF count_BTN4 = 20 THEN
count_BTN4 <= count_BTN4;
ELSE
count_BTN4 <= count_BTN4 + 1;
END IF;
IF count_BTN4= 19 THEN
btn4<= '1';
ELSE
btn4<= '0';
END IF;
ELSE
count_BTN4<= 0;
END IF;
ELSE
END IF;
END PROCESS p6;
p7:PROCESS(clk_1k,bn5)
BEGIN
IF(clk_1k'event AND clk_1k = '1') THEN
IF(bn5 = '1') THEN
IF count_BTN5 = 20 THEN
count_BTN5 <= count_BTN5;
ELSE
count_BTN5 <= count_BTN5 + 1;
END IF;
IF count_BTN5= 19 THEN
btn5<= '1';
ELSE
btn5<= '0';
END IF;
ELSE
count_BTN5<= 0;
END IF;
ELSE
END IF;
END PROCESS p7;
p8:PROCESS(clk_1k,bn7)
BEGIN
IF(clk_1k'event AND clk_1k = '1') THEN
IF(bn7 = '1') THEN
IF count_BTN7 = 20 THEN
count_BTN7 <= count_BTN7;
ELSE
count_BTN7<= count_BTN7 + 1;
END IF;
IF count_BTN7= 19 THEN
btn7<= '1';
ELSE
btn7<= '0';
END IF;
ELSE
count_BTN7<= 0;
END IF;
ELSE
END IF;
END PROCESS p8;--------------------------------------------------------按键防抖模块结束
P9:process(clk_1k,btn0,btn1,btn2,btn3,btn4,btn5,btn7)------------------逻辑判断模块BEGIN
IF(clk_1k'event AND clk_1k = '1') THEN--------------------------------购买模块IF btn0='1' THEN
IF money0 >"1000" THEN--------------------------------十位有进位情况money0<="0000";money1<=money1+1;
ELSE money0<=money0+1;--------------------------------十位不进位情况
END IF;
IF money1>"1001"THEN----------------------------------超出99封顶
money1<="1001";money0<="1001";
ELSE NULL;
END IF;
ELSIF btn1='1'THEN
IF money0>"0100" THEN
money0<=money0-5;money1<=money1+1;
ELSE money0<=money0+5;
END IF;
IF money1>"1001"THEN
money1<="1001";money0<="1001";
ELSE NULL;
END IF;
ELSIF btn2='1'THEN
IF money1>"1000" THEN
money0<="1001";money1<="1001";
ELSE money1<=money1+1;
END IF;------------------------------------------购买模块结束
ELSIF btn3='1'THEN-------------------------------------消费模块
IF money1>"0000" or money0>"0010" THEN-----------钱数大于够买物品钱数led1<='1';led2<='0';led3<='0';
disp2<="0110000";-----------------------------显示够买物品种类
IF money0>"0010"THEN
money0<=money0-3;
ELSE money1<=money1-1;
money0<=money0+7;
END IF;
IF money1="0000" and money0<"0011"THEN--------------钱数小于三的情况
CASE money0 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp0<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp0<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp0<="1101101";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp0<="0000000";
END CASE;
money0<="0000";
ELSE NULL;
END IF;
ELSE---------------------------------------------钱数不够
led4<='1';
CASE money1 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp1<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp1<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp1<="1101101";
WHEN "0011"=>disp1<="1111001";
WHEN "0100"=>disp1<="0110011";
WHEN "0101"=>disp1<="1011011";
WHEN "0110"=>disp1<="1011111";
WHEN "0111"=>disp1<="1110000";
WHEN "1000"=>disp1<="1111111";
WHEN "1001"=>disp1<="1111011";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp1<="0000000";
END CASE;
CASE money0 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp0<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp0<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp0<="1101101";
WHEN "0011"=>disp0<="1111001";
WHEN "0100"=>disp0<="0110011";
WHEN "0101"=>disp0<="1011011";
WHEN "0110"=>disp0<="1011111";
WHEN "0111"=>disp0<="1110000";
WHEN "1000"=>disp0<="1111111";
WHEN "1001"=>disp0<="1111011";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp0<="0000000";
END CASE;
money1<="0000";
money0<="0000";
disp2<="1111110";
END IF;
ELSIF btn4='1'THEN
IF money1>"0000" or money0>"1000" THEN
led2<='1';led1<='0';led3<='0';
disp2<="1101101";
IF money0>="1000"THEN
money0<=money0-8;
ELSE money1<=money1-1;
money0<=money0+2;
END IF;
IF money1="0000" and money0<"0011"THEN
CASE money0 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp0<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp0<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp0<="1101101";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp0<="0000000";
END CASE;
money0<="0000";
ELSE NULL;
END IF;
ELSE
led4<='1';
CASE money1 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp1<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp1<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp1<="1101101";
WHEN "0011"=>disp1<="1111001";
WHEN "0100"=>disp1<="0110011";
WHEN "0101"=>disp1<="1011011";
WHEN "0110"=>disp1<="1011111";
WHEN "0111"=>disp1<="1110000";
WHEN "1000"=>disp1<="1111111";
WHEN "1001"=>disp1<="1111011";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp1<="0000000";
END CASE;
CASE money0 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp0<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp0<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp0<="1101101";
WHEN "0011"=>disp0<="1111001";
WHEN "0100"=>disp0<="0110011";
WHEN "0101"=>disp0<="1011011";
WHEN "0110"=>disp0<="1011111";
WHEN "0111"=>disp0<="1110000";
WHEN "1000"=>disp0<="1111111";
WHEN "1001"=>disp0<="1111011";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp0<="0000000";
END CASE;
money1<="0000";
money0<="0000";
disp2<="1111110";
END IF;
ELSIF btn5='1'THEN
IF money1>"0001" or (money1="0001" and money0>"0001") THEN led3<='1';led1<='0';led2<='0';
disp2<="1111001";
IF money0>"0001"THEN
money0<=money0-2;
money1<=money1-1;
ELSE money1<=money1-2;
money0<=money0+8;
END IF;
IF money1="0000" and money0<"0011"THEN
CASE money0 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp0<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp0<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp0<="1101101";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp0<="0000000";
END CASE;
money0<="0000";
ELSE NULL;
END IF;
ELSE
led4<='1';
CASE money1 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp1<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp1<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp1<="1101101";
WHEN "0011"=>disp1<="1111001";
WHEN "0100"=>disp1<="0110011";
WHEN "0101"=>disp1<="1011011";
WHEN "0110"=>disp1<="1011111";
WHEN "0111"=>disp1<="1110000";
WHEN "1000"=>disp1<="1111111";
WHEN "1001"=>disp1<="1111011";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp1<="0000000";
END CASE;
CASE money0 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp0<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp0<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp0<="1101101";
WHEN "0011"=>disp0<="1111001";
WHEN "0100"=>disp0<="0110011";
WHEN "0101"=>disp0<="1011011";
WHEN "0110"=>disp0<="1011111";
WHEN "0111"=>disp0<="1110000";
WHEN "1000"=>disp0<="1111111";
WHEN "1001"=>disp0<="1111011";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp0<="0000000";
END CASE;
money1<="0000";
money0<="0000";
disp2<="1111110";
END IF;------------------------------------------消费模块结束ELSIF btn7='1'THEN-------------------------------------结束模块
led1<='0';
led2<='0';
led3<='0';
led4<='0';
CASE money1 IS------------------------------------将余额输出
WHEN "0000"=>disp1<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp1<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp1<="1101101";
WHEN "0011"=>disp1<="1111001";
WHEN "0100"=>disp1<="0110011";
WHEN "0101"=>disp1<="1011011";
WHEN "0110"=>disp1<="1011111";
WHEN "0111"=>disp1<="1110000";
WHEN "1000"=>disp1<="1111111";
WHEN "1001"=>disp1<="1111011";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp1<="0000000";
END CASE;
CASE money0 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp0<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp0<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp0<="1101101";
WHEN "0011"=>disp0<="1111001";
WHEN "0100"=>disp0<="0110011";
WHEN "0101"=>disp0<="1011011";
WHEN "0110"=>disp0<="1011111";
WHEN "0111"=>disp0<="1110000";
WHEN "1000"=>disp0<="1111111";
WHEN "1001"=>disp0<="1111011";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp0<="0000000";
END CASE;
money1<="0000";
money0<="0000";
disp2<="1111110";
ELSE null;
END IF;
CASE money0 IS------------------------------------------------显示模块
WHEN "0000"=>disp5<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp5<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp5<="1101101";
WHEN "0011"=>disp5<="1111001";
WHEN "0100"=>disp5<="0110011";
WHEN "0101"=>disp5<="1011011";
WHEN "0110"=>disp5<="1011111";
WHEN "0111"=>disp5<="1110000";
WHEN "1000"=>disp5<="1111111";
WHEN "1001"=>disp5<="1111011";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp5<="0000000";
END CASE;
CASE money1 IS
WHEN "0000"=>disp4<="1111110";
WHEN "0001"=>disp4<="0110000";
WHEN "0010"=>disp4<="1101101";
WHEN "0011"=>disp4<="1111001";
WHEN "0100"=>disp4<="0110011";
WHEN "0101"=>disp4<="1011011";
WHEN "0110"=>disp4<="1011111";
WHEN "0111"=>disp4<="1110000";
WHEN "1000"=>disp4<="1111111";
WHEN "1001"=>disp4<="1111011";
WHEN OTHERS=>disp4<="0000000";
END CASE;
ELSE NULL;
END IF;
END PROCESS p9;
p10:PROCESS(clk_50M,reset)
BEGIN
IF reset='0' THEN
temp1<=0;
ELSIF clk_50M'event AND clk_50M='1' THEN
IF temp1=499 THEN
temp1<=0;clk_1<=NOT clk_1;
ELSE
temp1<=temp1+1;
END IF;
END IF;
END PROCESS p10;
p11:PROCESS(clk_1,reset)-------------------------------------------为扫描数码管计数BEGIN
IF reset='0' THEN
Q <= "1111";
ELSIF(clk_1'event and clk_1='1')THEN
IF Q = "0100" THEN
Q <= "0000";
ELSE
Q <= Q+1;
END IF;
END IF;
END PROCESS p11;
p12:PROCESS(Q)----------------------------------------------------扫描数码管
BEGIN
CASE Q IS
WHEN "0000"=>DOUT7<=disp0;CatL<="111110";
WHEN "0001"=>DOUT7<=disp1;CatL<="111101";
WHEN "0010"=>DOUT7<=disp2;CatL<="111011";
WHEN "0011"=>DOUT7<=disp4;CatL<="011111";
WHEN "0100"=>DOUT7<=disp5;CatL<="101111";
WHEN OTHERS=>DOUT7<="1111111";CatL<="111111";
END CASE;
END PROCESS p12;
END behave;
五.功能说明及资源利用情况
资源利用情况：
功能说明：
本品为自动售货机，可实现自动充值与购买的功能。

通过btn0、btn1、btn2三个键分别代表一元、五元、十元充值，通过btn3、btn4、btn5三个键可以实现3元、八元、十二元三种商品的购买。

在充值和购买时相应的总金额会时时显示在disp4、disp5上。

充值封顶九十九元，如若超过则保持在九十九元。

购买时钱数会相应的减小，并将相应的产品序号显示在disp2上。

当钱数扣到小于零时，自动将推出的钱数显示在disp0、disp1上。

六.故障及问题分析
七．总结和结论。