初中英语定语从句的用法归纳完整版
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初中英语定语从句的用
法归纳
标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]
初中英语定语从句用法归纳
定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导(1)。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句,但对初中生来说,定语从句既是一个重点,也是一个难点。
一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后,而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如:
The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.先行词定语从句
昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。
二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂,有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系(2)。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语,关系副词在句中作状语。如:
I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. (主语)
先行词关系代词
我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。
注意:关系代词who指人,作宾语时,可用whom代替;作宾语时,关系代词可省略。作其它成分,关系代词则不能省略。
2. whose指人,也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.
其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。
I have a story book whose cover is red.
我有一本封面是红色的故事书。
3. which指物(也可用that),在定语从句中作主语,也可作宾语。如:
Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. (主语)
足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。
四、关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如:
That is the place in which I lived for five years.
=That is the place which / that I lived in for five years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man for whom I am looking.
=Mr Zhang is the man who / whom / that I am looking for.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
五、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1. 先行词是地点时,如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用that或w hich. 如:
The school that / which I used to study in is becoming better and better. (the school 作了介词in的宾语。)
我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。
先行词是地点时,如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时,关系代词用where. 如:The place where the accident happened isn’t far from our school.
事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。
(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词,它不跟宾语,而the accident又作了定语从句的主语,因此该定语从句既不需要主语,也不需要宾语。)
2.只用that,不用which的情况。
(1)前有序数词修饰时。如:
This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday.
这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。
(2)前有形容词最高级修饰时。如:
That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched.
那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。
(3)先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。如:
All that he told me is true. 他告诉我的一切是真实的。
(4)先行词被the only修饰时。如:
The only thing that I can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。(5)先行词既指人,又指物时。如:
We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in.
我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。
3. 只用which,不用that的情况。
(1)定语从句是物时,定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。如:
The thing about which the teacher is talking is very important.
老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。
(2)先行词本身是that, those时,如: